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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fully optical remote measurement of CH4 gas in the near infra-red using a 5 km long low-loss optical fibre link (1985)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 17 (1985), S. 153-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620786
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of tunable four-photon parametric fluorescence of crystals in the visible region (1970)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 2 (1970), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Tunable four-photon parametric fluorescence, which is valuable for investigating material nonlinearities and parametric devices, was studied theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical analysis leads to the conclusion that the emitted power depends directly on the focusing of the pumping beam, unlike the process of three-photon parametric fluorescence which is independent of the focusing of the pumping beam. The calculation of the phasematching conditions for nonlinear crystals such as KDP, ADP, TiO2 and CdS shows that collinear phase-matching can be realised over the visible region using a ruby laser for pumping. Experimentally, tunable emission was observed in the visible range from 4200 Å to 5300 Å with KDP and ADP crystals pumped by a Q-switched ruby laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01419156
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extended blood half-life of monomethoxypolyethylene glycol-conjugated hen lysozyme is a key parameter controlling immunological tolerogenicity (1999)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 55 (1999), S. 1187-1194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Immunological tolerance; monomethoxypolyethylene glycol; extended blood half-life; hen egg lysozyme; immunochemistry.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The blood half-life of a protein is prolonged by conjugating a protein with a linear amphiphilic polymer, monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG). The conjugation gives a protein immunotolerogenicity; hence, it is likely that the long half-life is crucial for the tolerogenicity. We prepared a tolerogenic mPEG conjugate of hen egg lysozyme (mPEG1.5-HEL), which is conjugated 1.5-fold the molecular weight of mPEG against that of HEL, and evaluated the relationship between in vivo stability and the tolerogenicity. mPEG1.5-HEL retained immunogenicity to prime HEL-specific T cell and antibody responses and had a long blood half-life, more than 27 times that of native HEL. The tolerant state was maintained as long as mPEG1.5-HEL was detected in sera. With a decrease in the blood mPEG1.5-HEL level, the tolerant state returned gradually to the responsive state; however, reinjection of mPEG1.5-HEL again restored the tolerance. Thus, the extended blood half-life of HEL by mPEG conjugation is probably vital for establishing and maintaining the tolerant states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000180050365
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency-dependent Attenuation of High-frequency P and S Waves in the Upper Crust in Western Nagano, Japan (1998)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 153 (1998), S. 489-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Attenuation, crust, frequency dependence, high-frequency seismic waves, quality factor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —Borehole seismograms from local earthquakes in the aftershock region of the 1984 western Nagano Prefecture, Japan earthquake were analyzed to measure the frequency-dependent characteristics of P- and S-wave attenuation in the upper crust. The records from a three-component velocity seismometer at the depth of 145m exhibit high S/N-ratio in a wide frequency range up to 100 Hz. Extended coda normalization methods were applied to bandpass-filtered seismograms of frequencies from 25 to 102 Hz. For the attenuation of high-frequency P and S waves, our measurements show Q P -1≃ 0.052ƒ-0.66 and Q S -1≃ 0.0034ƒ-0.12 respectively. The frequency dependence of the quality factor of S waves is very weak as compared with that of P waves. The ratio of Q P -1/Q S -1 is larger than unity in the entire analyzed frequency range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    All-optical remote sensing of city gas through CH4 gas absorption employing a low-loss optical fiber link and an InGaAsP light-emitting diode in the near-infrared region (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 43 (1987), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 07.65 ; 82.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports and discusses, for the first time, the all-optical remote monitoring method for spilled dispersals or leakages in air of city gas through the nearinfrared absorption of CH4 gaseous molecules as one of its major constituents, using a very low-loss optical fiber network and compact absorption cells in conjunction with high radiant InGaAsP light-emitting diodes (LEDs). For this new application, the near-infrared absorption spectra of city gas (Sendai, Japan) were measured and analyzed to find a relatively strong absorption due to thev 2 + 2v 3 combination band of CH4 molecules around the wavelength region of 1.33 μm. By using a 2-km long very low-loss silica optical fiber link, this fully optical system was demonstrated to be feasible, safe and capble of achieving reproducibly the detection sensitivity of nearly 1 Torr of CH4 gas in air, i.e., 2.6% of the lower explosion limit of CH4 density in air. This result supports the conclusion that the alloptical remote sensing system incorporating very low-loss optical fiber networks and LEDs or laser diodes (LDs) in the near-infrared region can be extensively utilized for the real-time detection and surveillance of spills or leakages of the city gas or any other gas mixtures as well as various combustible, explosive, dangerous, and toxic gases not onlyin industrial and mining complexes but also in urban and residential areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692820
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    10 km-long fibre-optic remote sensing of CH4 gas by near infrared absorption (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 38 (1985), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.68 ; 42.80 ; 07.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports for the first time the fully optical remote monitoring of low-level CH4 gas with a wide area coverage of 10 km in diameter realized by utilizing ultralowloss silica optical fibre link and a compact absorption cell in conjunction with highly radiant InGaAsP and InGaAs light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the near infrared region. For this novel application, the near-infrared absorption spectra of CH4 molecules were measured and studied involving the ν2+2ν3 combination band around 1.33 μm and the 2ν3 overtone band around 1.66 μm. This fibre-optic system was demonstrated to be feasible and sufficiently sensitive and safe as being a practical CH4 gas remote sensor whose detection sensitivity is normally required to be 25% of the lower explosion limit (LEL) of CH4 gas in air. This result verifies a large potential for applying extensively to various strategic points within the environment, such as industrial and mining complexes as well as urban and residential areas, with considerably increased reability, safety and marketability over the presently available techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691764
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Off-shell behaviour of theN-N interaction in a six-quark resonating group model of the deuteron (1988)
    Springer
    Few body systems 5 (1988), S. 45-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5411
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two different 6-quark resonating group models of the deuteron are investigated to study the off-shell property of theN-N interaction. In the first model the quarks interact by a central one-gluon-exchange potential plus confinement potential. The meson-exchange contribution to then-p potential is simulated by a central GaussianN-N potential. In the second model the quarks interact by one-gluon-and one-pion-exchange potentials (central and noncentral) plus confinement potential. A small additional “σ”-exchange potential between neutron and proton binds the deuteron at the correct energy. Several off-shell variants of the two resonating group models are compared with each other by analyzing their elastic electron scattering cross sections. It is found that the standard renormalized version of the resonating group model yields potentials and wave functions that may be considered physical within the limitations of the model. Unitary off-shell transformations, which modify potentials and wave functions in any sizeable way, lead to a disagreement between the charge distribution predicted by the model via analysis of electron scattering and the charge distribution following from the microscopic quark distribution. Both of the 6-quark models support a soft repulsive core of the tripletn-p potential with a core height of around 900 MeV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01351268
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poissonian asymptotics of a randomly perturbed dynamical system: Flip-flop of the stochastic disk dynamo (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 85 (1996), S. 41-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Poisson ; asymptotics ; small random perturbation ; reversal of the earth's magnetic field
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A dynamical system with two stable equilibrium points will show a flip-flop motion between the neighborhoods of the two points when it is perturbed by small random noises. A typical example is the stochastic disk dynamo model where the two equilibrium points correspond to the two polarities of the earth's magnetic field. We prove what has been suggested by a computer simulation, that the counting process of the flips or the reversals of the earth's field converges to a standard Poisson process if the time is suitably scaled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02175555
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size distribution of fractured areas in one-dimensional systems (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 51 (1988), S. 569-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Fracture ; size distribution ; power law ; diffusion process ; Hausdorff dimension ; self-similar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study a one-dimensional model for fracture, identifying fractured areas with intervals on which a stress fieldξ exceeds a threshold valueΔ. Whenξ is a diffusion process, the cumulative numberN(l) of fractured areas whose length is greater thanl obeys a power lawCl −p asl↓0 with probability one. The exponentp and the constantC are determined. The exponentp agrees with the Hausdorff dimension of the end points of fractured areas, i.e.,ξ −1(Δ). Even ifξ is self-similar with parameterH〉0, i.e.,ξ(cx)−Δ is equivalent toc H {ξ(x)−Δ} for anyc〉0, the exponentp does not depend solely onH;p=λH, whereλɛ(0, 1/H) is another parameter characterizingξ. Non-diffusion processes are given whereN(l) does not follow a power law.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01028473
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quaternary structure-dependent idiotope and antigen binding of a monoclonal antibody specific for conformational epitope on type II collagen (1997)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 53 (1997), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Protein-protein interaction; higher-order structure; anti-idiotypic antibody; type II collagen; autoimmune arthritis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We previously generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against a putative pathogenic epitope on native type II collagen (CII) for the induction of collagen-induced arthritis in mice (mAb1), and an anti-idiotypic mAb which appears to possess the internal image of the CII epitope (mAb2). In the present study, the structural basis of the antigen/mAb1 and mAb1/mAb2 interactions was examined. When partially SH-reduced mAb1 was analysed on Western blots, only fragments containing both heavy (H) and light (L) chains were recognized by mAb2. When mAb2 was partially SH-reduced, only fragments containing both H and L chains were recognized by mAb1. H and L chains were separated from mAb1 in a reduced, denatured condition, and each chain and a mixture of the two were refolded. mAb2 reacted specifically to the renatured whole IgG molecule of mAb1, but not to the refolded L or to H chains. Recombinant single chain Fv (scFv) generated from mAb1 and mAb2 had properties of the original mAbs, whereas genetical ly constructed chimeric scFvs, consisting of VH from mAb1 and an irrelevant VL , or VL of mAb1 and an irrelevant VH , did not react either to CII or to mAb2. Thus, interactions among CII, mAb1 and mAb2 appear to depend on quaternary structures containing different protein subunits. These observations support the internal image property of the mAb2. In addition, this dependency on quaternary structure for recognition of proteins may also be relevant to other protein-protein interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00000579
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