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  • Podospora mitochondrial DNA  (3)
  • anomalous cosmic rays  (3)
  • Springer  (6)
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  • Springer  (6)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: abundances ; isotopes ; anomalous cosmic rays ; SAMPEX ; neon ; interstellar medium ; heliosphere ; trapped heavy ions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) isotopic composition have been made in three regions of the magnetosphere accessible from the polar Earth orbit of SAMPEX, including the interplanetary medium at high latitudes and geomagnetically trapped ACRs. At those latitudes where ACRs can penetrate the Earth's magnetic field while fully stripped galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) of similar energies are excluded, a pure ACR sample is observed to have the following composition: 15N/N 〈 0.023, 18O/16O 〈 0.0034, and 22Ne/20Ne = 0.077(+0.085, −0.023). We compare our values with those found by previous investigators and with those measured in other samples of solar and galactic material. In particular, a comparison of 22Ne/20Ne measurements from various sources implies that GCRs are not simply an accelerated sample of the local interstellar medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Podospora mitochondrial DNA ; Senescence-associated plasmid ; Intron secondary structure ; Intronic reading frames
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Recently, the nucleotide sequences for three “mitochondrial plasmids” associated with senescence of Podospora anserina were determined (Cummings et al. 1985). One of these sequences, corresponding to the plasmid termed ε senDNA, contains three class I introns, all within a protein coding sequence equivalent to the mammalian “URF1” gene. Here, we present primary and secondary structure analyses for two of these introns as well as a partial analysis for the third, which extends beyond the DNA sequence determined. With regard to both primary and secondary structure, the closest known relative of intron 1 is the self-splicing intron in the large ribosomal RNA gene of Tetrahymena. One secondary structure domain at the periphery of intron 1 and Tetrahymena models is also present in intron 2. The latter intron is the longest known class I member and contains remnants of two protein-coding sequences, one of which is split by the other. Evolutionary processes that might be responsible for the unusual structure of introns 1 and 2 are discussed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Podospora mitochondrial DNA ; Intron secondary structure ; Intron reading frames ; Group I and group II introns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The DNA sequence of a 26.7 Kilobase pair (103 base pairs = 1 Kb) region of the mitochondrial genomes of races s and A from Podospora anserina was determined. Within this region, the 24.5 Kb cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene was located and its exon sequences determined by computer analysis comparisons with other fungal genes. The Podospora COI gene was interrupted by two group II introns (one in race s) and fourteen group I introns ranging in size from about 2.2 Kb to 404 bp. Earlier studies on secondary structure analysis, as well as comparison of their open reading frames (ORFs), showed that the two group II introns were closely related. The fourteen group I introns were representatives of three subgroupings (IB, C and a new category, subgroup ID). Two of these group I introns were separated by just a single exon codon. The analysis of all these introns is discussed in comparison with other fungal introns as well as with the known Podospora anserina introns.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Podospora mitochondrial DNA ; Introns ; Excision ; Amplification plasmids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The complete 94,192 bp sequence of the mitochondrial genome from race s of Podospora anserina is presented (1 kb=103 base pairs). Three regions unique to race A are also presented bringing the size of this genome to 100,314 bp. Race s contains 31 group I introns (33 in race A) and 2 group II introns (3 in race A). Analysis shows that the group I introns can be categorized according to families both with regard to secondary structure and their open reading frames. All identified genes are transcribed from the same strand. Except for the lack of ATPase 9, the Podospora genome contains the same genes as its fungal counterprts, N. crassa and A. nidulans. About 20% of the genome has not yet been identified. DNA sequence studies of several excision-amplification plasmids demonstrate a common feature to be the presence of short repeated sequences at both termini with a prevalence of GGCGCAAGCTC.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 78 (1996), S. 117-128 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: abundances ; anomalous cosmic rays ; Voyager ; interstellar medium ; heliosphere ; solar wind termination shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We use energy spectra of anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) measured with the Cosmic Ray instrument on the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft during the period 1994/157-313 to determine several parameters of interest to heliospheric studies. We estimate that the strength of the solar wind termination shock is 2.42 (−0.08, +0.04). We determine the composition of ACRs by estimating their differential energy spectra at the shock and find the following abundance ratios: H/He = 5.6 (−0.5, +0.6), C/He = 0.00048 ± 0.00011, N/He = 0.011 ± 0.001, O/He = 0.075 ± 0.006, and Ne/He = 0.0050 ± 0.0004. We correlate our observations with those of pickup ions to deduce that the long-term ionization rate of neutral nitrogen at 1 AU is ∼ 8.3 × 10−7 s−1 and that the charge-exchange cross section for neutral N and solar wind protons is ∼ 1.0 × 10−15 cm2 at 1.1 keV. We estimate that the neutral C/He ratio in the outer heliosphere is 1.8(−0.7, +0.9) × 10−5. We also find that heavy ions are preferentially injected into the acceleration process at the termination shock.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 83 (1998), S. 51-62 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: anomalous cosmic rays ; Pioneer 10 ; SAMPEX ; Voyager ; solar modulation ; heliosphere ; solar wind termination shock ; diffusion coefficient ; gradients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We review aspects of anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) that bear on the solar modulation of energetic particles in the heliosphere. We show that the latitudinal and radial gradients of these particles exhibit a 22-year periodicity in concert with the reversal of the Sun's magnetic field. The power-law index of the low energy portion of the energy spectrum of ACRs at the shock in 1996 appears to be ≤ -1.3, suggesting that the strength of the solar wind termination shock at the helioequatorial plane is relatively weak, with s ≤ 2.8. The rigidity dependence of the perpendicular interplanetary mean free path in the outer heliosphere for particles with rigidities between ∼ 0.2 and 0.7 GV varies approximately as R2, where R is particle rigidity. There is evidence that ACR oxygen is primarily multiply charged above ∼ 20 MeV/nuc and primarily singly-charged below ∼ 16 MeV/nuc. The location of the termination shock was at ∼ 65 AU in 1987 and ∼ 85 AU in 1994.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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