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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geobacter metallireducens gen. nov. sp. nov., a microorganism capable of coupling the complete oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of iron and other metals (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 159 (1993), S. 336-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Iron ; Uranium ; Manganese ; Nitrate ; Anaerobic sediments ; Delta proteobacteria ; Aromatics ; Heavy metals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gram-negative metal-reducing microorganism, previously known as strain GS-15, was further characterized. This strict anaerobe oxidizes several short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, and monoaromatic compounds with Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor. Furthermore, acetate is also oxidized with the reduction of Mn (IV), U (VI), and nitrate. In whole cell suspensions, the c-type cytochrome(s) of this organism was oxidized by physiological electron acceptors and also by gold, silver, mercury, and chromate. Menaquinone was recovered in concentrations comparable to those previously found in gram-negative sulfate reducers. Profiles of the phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids indicated that both the anaerobic desaturase and the branched pathways for fatty acid biosynthesis were operative. The organism contained three lipopolysaccharide hydroxy fatty acids which have not been previously reported in microorganisms, but have been observed in anaerobic freshwater sediments. The 16S rRNA sequence indicated that this organism belongs in the delta proteobacteria. Its closest known relative is Desulfuromonas acetoxidans. The name Geobacter metallireducens is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290916
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal, annual, and treatment-induced variation in available nitrogen pools and nitrogen-cycling processes in soils of two Douglas-fir stands (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Ammonium ; Nitrate ; N-mineralization ; Nitrification ; Fertilization ; Irrigation ; Forest ecosystems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Forest-floor and 0–10 cm depth mineral soil horizons in two stands of Douglas fir were sampled for available NH4 +-N and NO3 −-N, N-mineralization potentials, and nitrification potentials for 2 years. The plots in each stand were sampled for 1 year, treated with either ammonium sulfate, carbohydrate (sawdust-sucrose), irrigation, carbohydrate plus irrigation, or no treatment (control), and then sampled for 1 year following treatment. In general, the direction of change following the treatments was the same for both the forest-floor and the mineral soils. Fertilization increased the NH4 +-N and NO3 −-N pools, nitrification potential, and N-mineralization potential, while treatment with carbohydrate decreased all of these characteristics. Irrigation generally increased NH4 +-N pools, nitrification potential, and N-mineralization potential, but decreased these characteristics in the soil at one site. Irrigation plus carbohydrate gave similar results to those of carbohydrate alone. Treatments altered pool sizes and/or potentials, but did not reduce within-year variance in any of these characteristics. Distinct seasonal patterns occurred in all measurements, suggesting that control of short-term variation in N-transformation processes is by factors which are dynamic in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257656
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Net mineralization and nitrification rates in a clay soil measured and predicted in permanent grassland from soil temperature and moisture content (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 86 (1985), S. 151-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonification ; Clay soil ; Exchangeable ammonium ; Grassland ; Incubation ; Kinetics ; Nitrate ; Nitrification ; N cycle ; N mineralization ; Soil Moisture ; Soil temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Net mineralization of N and net nitrification in field-moist clay soils (Evesham-Kingston series) from arable and grassland sites were measured in laboratory incubation experiments at 4, 10 and 20°C. Three depth fractions to 30 cm were used. Nitrate accumulated at all temperatures except when the soil was very dry (θ=0.13 cm3 cm−3). Exchangeable NH4-ions declined during the first 24 h and thereafter remained low. Net mineralization and net nitrification approximated to zero-order reactions after 24 h, with Q10 values generally 〈1.6. The effect of temperature on both processes was linear although some results conformed to an Arrhenius-type relationship. The dependence of net mineralization and net nitrification in the field soil on soil temperature (10 cm depth) and moisture (0–15, 15–25, 25–35 cm depths) was modelled using the laboratory incubation data. An annual net mineralization of 350 kg N ha−1 and net nitrification of 346 kg N ha−1 were predicted between September 1980 and August 1981. The model probably overstressed the effect of soil moisture relative to soil temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182891
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Components of the nitrogen cycle measured for cropped and grassland soil-plant systems (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 76 (1984), S. 35-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cereals ; Exchangeable ammonium ; Grassland ; Leaching loss ; Log-normal distribution ; Mineral N ; N balance ; Nitrate ; steady-state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inputs and outputs to the N balance of a clay soil catchment (Evesham and Kingston series) under grassland and cereals at Wytham near Oxford were measured over 2 years. Soil mineral N (NH4+NO3) was measured to 1 m depth at intervals of 2 to 8 weeks. The frequency distribution of these values was approximately log-normal and the geometric mean was used as an estimate of central tendency. Overall, soil mineral N tended to decrease during the study period, but marked fluctuations were observed in autumn (October–November) and early spring (February–March) in the grassland due to mineralization of soil organic N, and in the arable soil in April–May following the application of N fertilizer to the spring barley and winter wheat. N lost by leaching, including a little surface runoff, was calculated from the NO3 concentration of the catchment drainage and the volume of drainage. The estimate of N leached using concentrations unweighted for flow rate was only 14 per cent less than that based on flow-weighted concentrations. The differences in the uptake of N by cereals and grass between fields were explicable partly in terms of soil type and partly in terms of the timing and amounts of fertilizer added. The results are discussed in the context of steady-state equilibrium of N in the soil-plant system. However, an N balance could not be struck because N input due to mineralization, and N outputs due to gaseous losses and immobilization of N in the soil and root biomasses, were not measured and could not be accurately estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205565
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forest-floor nitrogen dynamics in a 60-year-old paper birch ecosystem in interior Alaska (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 359-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alaska ; Ammonium ; Birch ; Forest-floor ; Isotopedilution ; Kinetics ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen pool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An analysis was conducted of nitrogen dynamics in the forest floor of a paper birch forest in subarctic Alaska. Low addition levels of high enrichment isotope (〈1% of the total nitrogen pool with 95 to 99 atom percent excess15N) and isotope dilution analysis, were used to establish the kinetics of nitrogen flow. The pools examined were NH4, NO3+NO2, soluble organic-N and forest floor organic matter. This approach allows a more realistic assessment of rates of N movement at the levels of nitrogen concentration encountered in natural systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181831
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