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  • Articles  (10)
  • Nicotiana tabacum  (5)
  • gene expression  (5)
  • Springer  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thiol modulation of TNFα and IL-1 induced MnSOD gene expression and activation of NF-κB (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 148 (1995), S. 45-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: manganese ; superoxide dismutase ; gene expression ; hyperoxide lung injury ; nuclear factor kappa B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract TNFα and IL-1 each can activate NF-κB and induce gene expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a mitochondrial matrix enzyme which can provide critical protection against hyperoxic lung injury. The regulation of MnSOD gene expression is not well understood. Since redox status can modulate NF-κB and potential κB site(s) exist in the MnSOD promoter, the effect of thiols (including NAC, DTT and 2-ME) on TNFα and IL-1 induced activation of NF-κB and MnSOD gene expression was investigated. Activation of NF-kB and increased MnSOD expression were potentiated by thiol reducing agents. In contrast, thiol oxidizing or alkylating agents inhibited both NF-κB activation and elevated MnSOD expression in response to TNFα or IL-1. Since protease inhibitors TPCK and TLCK can inhibit NF-κB activation, we also investigated the effect of these compounds on MnSOD expression and NF-κB activation. TPCK and TLCK each inhibited MnSOD gene expression and NF-κB activation. Since the MnSOD promoter also contains anAP-1 binding site, the effect of thiols and thiol modifying agents on AP-1 activation was investigated. Thiols had no consistent effect onAP-1 activation. Likewise, some of the thiol modifying compounds inhibited AP-1 activation by TNFα or IL-1, whereas others did not. Since diverse agents had similar effects on activation of NF-κB and MnSOD gene expression, we have demonstrated that activation of NF-κB and MnSOD gene expression are closely associated and that reduced sulfhydryl groups are required for cytokine mediation of both processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00929502
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased gene expression of plasminogen activators and inhibitors in left ventricular hypertrophy (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 176 (1997), S. 265-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: plasminogen activators ; plasminogen activator inhibitors ; gene expression ; left ventricular hypertrophy ; pressure overload
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the early stages of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) acute adaptive changes occur in the coronary vasculature as it remodels. Plasminogen activators (PAs) and inhibitors (PAIs) have the potential effects of proteolytic degradation that is relevant to tissue remodeling and angiogenesis. Our study focused on the possible roles of PAI-1, PAI-2, uPA and tPA in myocyte hypertrophy and angiogenesis in the early and late stages of pressure overload induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We divided seventeen adult swine, weighing 24.2 ± 6.5 kg, into four groups: control, sham-operated, early LVH and late heart failure LVH group. At surgery we placed a fixed constrictor on the ascending aorta immediately above the aortic valve. This increased LV systolic pressure from 133 ± 15 to 193 ± 24 mm Hg after the surgery. We subdivided the early group into groups of 3 animals each that we euthanized at 8, 24 and 72 h after operation and obtained heart samples for analysis. In the late heart failure group individual animals were euthanized at 55, 59, 62 and 72 days after the detection of congestive heart failure. We also obtained tissue samples from the control and sham-operated swine. Sections for histologic analysis were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. We isolated RNA, size fractionated it using 1% formaldehyde-agarose gel electrophoresis and then did Northern blots. The mRNAs from both PAI-1 and PAI-2 showed a remarkable increase at 8 and 24 h after acute aortic constriction and returned to control by 72 h. Regional differences showed that most of the increases were in the endocardium. Three animals in the late heart failure LVH group were determined to be in congestive heart failure at about 2 months after the onset of aortic constriction. In these animals PAI-1 and PAI-2 were increased in both the left and right ventricles but remained low in an animal of the same elevation in aortic pressure seen by the LV who did not have congestive failure. These data suggest that PA and PAI gene expressions change before morphologic changes occur in the early stages of developing LVH. Also at the time of onset of congestive heart failure this increased expression reappears. PAs and PA inhibitors mRNA levels vary in the different regions of the heart reflecting changing wall stresses. Thus, the PAs and PA inhibitors may play an important role in angiogenesis that occurs during the early stages of LVH. The increased expression in the late stage of LVH may reflect further changes in wall stresses since these animals also showed overt clinical signs of heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006813531576
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical properties of the pathogenesis-related proteins from tobacco (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 89 (1983), S. 255-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; tobacco mosaic virus ; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This review describes the discovery and identification of the pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) from tobacco. In crude leaf extracts the PRs are distinguished from the proteins in uninfected plants by their solubility at pH 3, resistance to a range of proteases, and mobility in polyacrylamide gels upon electrophoresis (PAGE) in non-denaturing conditions. PAGE has been used as a qualitative and semi-quantitative assay for PRs, and their migration in gels made from different acrylamide concentrations has been used to identify charge and size isomers and electrophoretically identical PRs in different tobacco cultivars. The subunit composition and molecular weight (mol. wt) of the four PRs identified first in ‘Xanthi-nc’ were determined by SDS-PAGE; staining the gels has shown that these same four proteins in ‘Samsun NN’ did not contain carbohydrate, lipid or nucleic acid, nor were they isozymic forms of twenty five enzymes known to increase in activity following infection with TMV. Evidence suggests that most of the PRs in ‘Xanthi-nc’ and ‘Samsun NN’ are extracellular. The purification of several PRs from ‘Xanthi-nc’, ‘Samsun NN’ and other tobaccos is described, as well as their mol. wt, subunit and amino acid composition. PRs 1a, b and c consist of a single polypeptide and have similar mol. wt and amino acid compositions. Antisera prepared against purified ‘Xanthi-nc’ b1 protein have been used to determine serological relationships between PRs and form the basis of a very sensitive quantitative assay using ELISA. The regulation of synthesis of some PRs has been shown to involve translational control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01995260
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretic and serological comparisons of pathogenesis-related (b) proteins from different plant species (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 89 (1983), S. 293-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Gynura aurantiaca ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Malus sylvestris ; amphidiploïdNicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi ; Nicotiana sylvestris ; Nicotiana tabacum ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Vigna sinensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Preparations of pathogenesis-related (b) proteins (PRs) from differentNicotiana species, tomato,Gynura aurantiaca, bean, and cowpea were compared to each other and to bean chitinase and a constitutive apple agglutinin by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels both in the absence and in the presence of SDS, and by serological double diffusion analysis using antisera against tobacco PRs and bean chitinase. PRs from different plant genera displayed a similar but not identical range of relative mobilities in both native and SDS gels, whereas bean chitinase and apple agglutinin were clearly different. None of the antisera reacted with any of the PR preparations from plant genera other than the one from which the antigen(s) had been derived. Whilst PRs within the genusNicotiana are serologically related and can be identical, PRs from different plant genera seem to be sufficiently different to be considered as genus-specific.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01995264
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis and spatial expression pattern of a low-temperature-specific barley gene, blt101 (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 871-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cold ; low temperature ; barley ; gene expression ; cDNA ; shoot meristem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA clone of the previously unreported low-temperature-induced gene blt101 was isolated after a differential screen of a cDNA library prepared from low-temperature (6 °C day/2 °C night) grown barley shoot meristems. Southern blot analysis of barley ditelosomic addition lines was used to assign this single-copy gene to the long arm of chromosome 4. Analysis of steady-state levels of blt101 mRNA showed the induction of this transcript in shoot meristems upon transfer of barley (cv. Igri) plants from control (20 °C/15 °C) to low (6 °C/2 °C) temperature treatment. Further, the high level of this transcript is maintained at low temperatures but is reduced on transfer from low to control temperatures. The gene is not induced by drought or by foliar application of ABA. Analysis of segregating doubled haploid lines shows that there is no specific association of this gene with either spring/winter growth habit or frost hardiness. Examination of the spatial expression pattern revealed ubiquitous expression of blt101 in low-temperature (6 °C/2 °C) grown barley shoot meristems, mature leaves and roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021541
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of thelacZ gene targeted to the HPRT locus in embryonic stem cells and their derivatives (1993)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 2 (1993), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: gene expression ; lacZ ; HPRT ; ES cells ; gene targeting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transgenes in mice often exhibit different expression patterns in different transgenic lines. While the basis for this phenomenon is not understood, it is widely believed that the site at which the transgene becomes integrated into the mouse genome is a major factor in determining the pattern of expression. Most transgenic mice have been produced by microinjection of DNA into the male pronucleus, which results in integration of tandem arrays of the transgene at random chromosomal sites. In the experiments described in this report, electroporation of embryonic stem (ES) cells was used to place single copies of alacZ transgene into either random sites or into the HPRT (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase) locus of the mouse genome. Expression oflacZ was assayed by histochemical staining forEscherichia coli β-galactosidase activity in ES cells and in differentiated derivatives obtained by teratocarcinoma formation. Several of the randomly integrated cell lines expressedlacZ at high levels in a variety of cell types present in the tumours, but most notably in epithelial cells. Targeted cell lines withlacZ in opposite orientation to the direction of HPRT gene transcription also expressed well in epithelial cells, but the targeted cell lines did not express in a wider variety of cell types than some of the nontargeted cell lines. Targeted cell lines transcribinglacZ in the same orientation as HPRT transcription did not express high levels oflacZ in any differentiated cell type. Analysis of transcripts suggested that this orientation effect may have been the result of transcriptional interference perpetrated by the HPRT gene promoter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01977675
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect resistance of transgenic tobacco expressing an insect chitinase gene (1998)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 7 (1998), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis toxin ; Heliothis virescens ; Manduca sexta ; Nicotiana tabacum ; tobacco budworm ; tobacco hornworm ; chitinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chitinase expression in the insect gut normally occurs only during moulting, where the chitin of the peritrophic membrane is presumably degraded. Thus, insects feeding on plants that constitutively express an insect chitinase gene might be adversely affected, owing to an inappropriately timed exposure to chitinase. This hypothesis was tested by introducing a cDNA encoding a tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) into tobacco via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. A truncated but enzymatically active chitinase was present in plants expressing the gene. Segregating progeny of high-expressing plants were compared for their ability to support growth of tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) larvae and for feeding damage. Both parameters were significantly reduced when budworms fed on transgenic tobacco plants expressing high levels of the chitinase gene. In contrast, hornworm larvae showed no significant growth reduction when fed on the chitinase-expressing transgenics. However, both budworm and hornworm larvae, when fed on chitinase-expressing transgenic plants coated with sublethal concentrations of a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin, were significantly stunted relative to larvae fed on toxin-treated non-transgenic controls. Foliar damage was also reduced. Plants expressing an insect chitinase gene may have agronomic potential for insect control
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008820507262
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the soybean (Kunitz) trypsin inhibitor in transgenic tobacco: Effects on larval development of Spodoptera litura (1999)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 8 (1999), S. 383-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; Spodoptera litura ; insect pest resistance ; transgenic tobacco ; soybean (Kunitz) trypsin inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The coding region of the Tia allelic form of the soybean (Kunitz) trypsin inhibitor gene has been introduced, as a transcriptional fusion with the CAMV 35S promoter, into tobacco. Southern analysis of DNA extracted from progeny (Fl) plants confirmed that an intact copy (or copies) of the gene is integrated into the tobacco genome. Gel filtration column chromatography has been used to partially purify the inhibitor from leaves of transgenic tobacco and inhibition assays revealed that the protein can inhibit both bovine trypsin, and trypsin‐like (BApNA‐hydrolysing) activity extracted from Spodoptera litura digestive tracts. SDS‐PAGE and western blotting determined that the inhibitor accumulates as a protein of ca. 20 kD in transgenic leaf tissue. The protein has been purified to homogeneity using reverse‐phase column chromatography, and subsequent N‐terminal sequencing revealed that the inhibitor is processed in tobacco leaf tissue by the removal of the N‐terminal leader sequence. Insect feeding trials, using neonate larvae of S. litura, have been conducted with leaf tissue excised from transgenic progeny plants that either accumulated the inhibitor or from control (non‐transgenic) plants. These trials established that, when compared with insects fed non‐transformed leaf tissue, larvae fed transgenic leaf tissue demonstrated significantly greater mortality, and the survivors grew more slowly in terms of weight gain over time. These results are interpreted with respect to current opinion on the use of proteinase inhibitors as insect pest resistance factors in transgenic plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008957610872
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diageotropica mutation alters auxin induction of a subset of the Aux/IAA gene family in tomato (2000)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 44 (2000), S. 73-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: auxin ; Aux/IAA ; dgt ; gene expression ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; signal transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The diageotropica (dgt) mutation has been proposed to affect either auxin perception or responsiveness in tomato plants. It has previously been demonstrated that the expression of one member of the Aux/IAA family of auxin-regulated genes is reduced in dgt plants. Here, we report the cloning of ten new members of the tomato Aux/IAA family by PCR amplification based on conserved protein domains. All of the gene family members except one (LeIAA7) are expressed in etiolated tomato seedlings, although they demonstrate tissue specificity (e.g. increased expression in hypocotyls vs. roots) within the seedling. The wild-type auxin-response characteristics of the expression of these tomato LeIAA genes are similar to those previously described for Aux/IAA family members in Arabidopsis. In dgt seedlings, auxin stimulation of gene expression was reduced in only a subset of LeIAA genes (LeIAA5, 8, 10, and 11), with the greatest reduction associated with those genes with the strongest wild-type response to auxin. The remaining LeIAA genes tested exhibited essentially the same induction levels in response to the hormone in both dgt and wild-type hypocotyls. These results confirm that dgt plants can perceive auxin and suggest that a specific step in early auxin signal transduction is disrupted by the dgt mutation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006437205596
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes with time in the distribution of virus and PR protein around single local lesions of TMV infected tobacco (1986)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 6 (1986), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: PR protein ; TMV ; Nicotiana tabacum ; ELISA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary ELISA was used to determine PR la protein and TMV accumulation in local necrotic lesions produced on salicylic acid and water sprayed Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi-nc leaves. The amount of PR la protein produced is the result of an interaction between the salicylic acid treatment and lesion growth. The implication of these observations for experiments investigating the relationship between PR proteins and resistance are discussed. The distribution of TMV and PR la protein in and around single local necrotic lesions up to 14 days after inoculation was measured by ELISA. The highest concentration of TMV was in the centre of the lesion and decreased rapidly with distance from the centre. In contrast there was very little PR la protein in the centre of the lesion, the largest amounts were just outside the centre, and the concentration then decreased with distance from the centre. This is the distribution that might be expected for a substance closely associated with the restriction of virus spread.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021483
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