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  • healthy volunteers  (85)
  • Manganese
  • Springer  (113)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 19-32 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Iron ; Lupins ; Lupinus albus L. ; Manganese ; Phosphorus ; Proteoid root ; Soil/Root interface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary It has been demonstrated by an agar film technique thatL. albus can cause the breakdown of colloids of iron/silicate, iron/phosphate, aluminium/silicate and aluminium phosphate and destabilise suspensions of manganese dioxide, calcium mono-hydrogen phosphate and ferric hydroxide. Dissolution of these compounds was most marked in areas adjacent to proteoid roots (dense clusters of secondary laterals of limited growth which develop on lateral roots) and parts of the tap root. Soil associated with these regions of the root system contained more reductants and chelating agents than the bulk soil. Soil from around the roots ofL. albus exhibited much greater reducing and chelating activity than that associated with the roots of rape and buckwheat.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 33-41 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Iron ; Lupins ; Lupinus albus L. ; Manganese ; Phosphorus ; Proteoid roots ; Soil/root interface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The development of proteoid roots byLupinus albus was studied under glasshouse conditions in acid-washed sand with varying iron and phosphorus supply and in three contrasting soils (acid, neutral and alkaline) at a range of phosphorud levels. Aqueous extracts of soil from around the roots were compared with regard to their pH and their reducing and chelating activity. In both experiments, proteoid formation was predominantly affected by the phosphorus status of the plant. Manganese uptake in the second experiment was related to proteoid root development and decreased as phosphorus supply increased. The ability ofL. albus to utilise soil and added phosphorus decreased as pH of the soil increased.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Strontium ; oraler Strontium-Test ; Calcium ; Absorption ; gesunde Probanden ; Strontium ; oral strontium test ; calcium ; absorption ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Intestinal strontium absorption has been discussed recently as an indirect measure for calcium uptake. Prerequisite for the clinical use of an oral strontium test is the availability of a reliable procedure including controlled strontium supply, sample pretreatment and analysis as well as the assessment of normal values. In the present study, a group of young females (n=33; 24.0 ± 2.7 y; BMI 21.5 ± 1.9) received an oral dose of 2.27 mmol strontium in a standardized breakfast that contained 0.625 mmol calcium. Before and 220 min after the bolus serum strontium concentrations were determined by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (coefficient of variation: within day 4.8 %, n=10; day-to-day 9.5 %, n=8). The error of the method was 2.7 %. Calculation of the fractional strontium absorption rate considered the respective distribution volume (extracellular fluid; either estimated using body weight or determined by means of bioimpedance analysis [BIA]). Average absorption rates were 13.3 ± 3.1 % and, considering BIA measurement 13.6 ± 2.6 %, respectively. Smoking, exercise and, use of oral contraceptives showed no effects. Our oral strontium test is characterized by excellent reliability, easy handling and low costs and, thus, is suitable for routine use.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Erfassung der Strontiumabsorption wird heute als indirektes Verfahren zur Beurteilung der intestinalen Calciumabsorption diskutiert. Voraussetzung für die klinische Anwendung ist ein vertrauenswürdiges Testverfahren inclusive kontrollierter Strontiumgabe, Probenaufarbeitung und -analyse sowie die Erfassung von Normalwerten. Für unsere Studien wurde ein Kollektiv junger Frauen (n=33, 24,0 ± 2,7 Jahre; BMI 21,5 ± 1,9) herangezogen. Die Probandinnen erhielten eine Bolusgabe von 2,27 mmol Strontium zusammen mit einem Standardfrühstück (ca. 0,625 mmol Calcium). Vor und 220 min nach der Bolusgabe erfolgte die Bestimmung des Serum-Strontiumgehaltes mittels Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie. Der Variationskoeffizient der Methode lag innerhalb eines Tages bei 4,8 % (n=10) und von Tag zu Tag 9,5 % (n=8). Der Fehler der Methode betrug 2,7 %. Die Berechnung der fraktionellen Strontiumabsorptionsrate erfolgte unter Berücksichtigung des entsprechenden Verteilungsraumes (Extrazellulärflüssigkeit; Schätzverfahren über Körpergewicht bzw. Bioimpedanz-Analyse [BIA]). Die Strontiumabsorptionsrate lag im Mittel bei 13,3 ± 3,1 %, unter Berücksichtigung der BIA-Werte bei 13,6 ± 2,6 %. Rauchen, sportliche Aktivität bzw. Einnahme oraler Kontrazeptiva zeigten keinen Einfluß. Das hier vorgestellte Testverfahren ist aufgrund seiner hohen Vertrauenswürdigkeit und relativ einfacher Handhabung für Routine-untersuchungen geeignet.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Manganese ; agostic ; crystal structure ; CH activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Agostic interactions of CH bonds with metal atoms are currently of great interest. UV irradiation of Mn2(CO)8 (PMe2Ph)2 in the presence of the HC≡COEt yielded the new compound Mn2(CO)6(PMe2Ph)2 [μ-C(OEt)=C(H)C=C(H)C=O(OEt)],1 that contains a strong agostic interaction of an olefinic CH bond to one of the managanese atoms, Mn...C=2.349(5), Mn...H=2.01(4). This interaction can be removed (reversibly) by CO addition (25°C/1000 psi) to1 to yield the new complex Mn2(CO)7(PMe2Ph)2[μ-C(OEt)=C(H)C=C(H)C=O(OEt)],2.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BioMetals 2 (1990), S. 191-196 
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Secondary metabolism ; Iron ; Manganese ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Secondary metabolism in bacteria and fungi requires a much narrower range of environmental concentrations of key trace metals than that permitted for primary metabolism. The cells acquire appropriate quantities of the key metals at the initiation of the shift from primary to secondary metabolism. Evidence suggests that these essential micronutrients participate in regulating the expression of genes responsible for synthesis of secondary metabolites and/or morphological alterations associated with cellular differentiation.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Key words Iron ; Manganese ; Early diagenesis ; Redox cycling ; Surface sediment ; Argentine Basin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Pore water and solid phase from surface sediments of the continental slope off Uruguay and from the Argentine Basin (southwestern Atlantic) were investigated geochemically to ascribe characteristic early diagenetic reactions of iron and manganese. Solid-phase iron speciation was determined by extractions as well as by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Both methods showed good agreement ( 〈6% deviation) for total-Fe speciation. The proportion of easy reducible iron oxyhydroxide relative to total-Fe oxides decreased from the continental slope to the deep sea which is attributed to an increase in crystallinity during transport as well as to a general decrease of iron mobilization. The product of iron reoxidation is Fe oxyhydroxide which made up less than 5% of total Fe. In addition to this fraction, a proportion of smectite bound iron was found to be redox reactive. This fraction made up to 10% of total Fe in sediments of the Argentine Basin and was quantitatively extracted by 1 N HCl. The redox reactive Fe(+II) fraction of smectite was almost completely reoxidized within 24 h under air atmosphere and may therefore considerably contribute to iron redox cycling if bioturbation occurs. In the case of the slope sediments we found concurrent iron and manganese release to pore water. It is not clear whether this is caused by dissimilatory iron and manganese reduction at the same depth or dissimilatory iron reduction alone inducing Mn(+IV) reduction by (abiotic) reaction with released Fe2+. The Argentine Basin sediment showed a significant manganese solid-phase enrichment above the denitrification depth despite the absence of a distinct pore-water gradient of Mn. This implies a recent termination of manganese mobilization and thus a non-steady-state situation with respect to sedimentation or to organic carbon burial rate.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Rico ; Colorado ; Lead ; As ; Manganese ; Community soils ; Environmental characterization ; Risk assessment ; Source controls ; Liability ; Mining sites ; Surficial geology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Rico, Colorado is a small mountain community that was developed before the turn of the century around and near underground lead-zinc-silver mines. Today, US regulatory concerns in such communities focus on the metal content, particularly of lead, in community soils. This study integrates bedrock geology, surficial geology, mineralogy and geochemistry in order to define the controls on metal distribution in Rico community soils. The principal constituents of concern are As, Pb, and Mn. The results show that mining-related sources are discrete and localized whereas natural sources, including bedrock (mean Pb content of 3 500 ppm), colluvium (mean Pb content of 1 410 ppm), and older alluvium (mean Pb content of 744 ppm) are wider spread and are the principal sources of metals in Rico community soils. Historical mining sites like Rico should be expected to have significant surficial expressions of mineralized bedrock. In these communities, it is important to accurately define the role of all metal sources as a foundation for determining environmental liabilities, cleanup guidelines, and health risk assessments. The application of geology and mineralogy in support of geochemical characterization is necessary to accurately define the origin and distribution of both anthropogenic and natural metal sources at such sites.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 631-634 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: salbutamol ; albuterol ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Salbutamol was administered to sixteen healthy male volunteers intravenously and by mouth in liquid, tablet, and capsule form using a Latin-Squares design. Pharmacokinetic parameters from intravenous data were similar to previously reported values obtained with oral administration, with a mean terminal half-life of 3.8 h and a mean clearance of 439 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2. Peak plasma concentrations of 10–20 ng·ml−1 were obtained 1–3 h following oral administration. The absolute bioavailability of each of the oral preparations was 44%. While statistically significant differences in lag time and time to peak concentration were noted among the various oral preparations, the drug is rapidly absorbed in all three dosage forms and the observed differences are unlikely to be of clinical significance.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 395-397 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atropine ; exercise ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven healthy males (19–32 y) underwent each of four separate conditions in a repeated measures design. Five of these subjects underwent an additional trial. In four of five trials subjects received 2.0 mg atropine sulfate intramuscularly in the anterolateral portion of the left thigh: at rest (T1); following completion of a single exercise (Ex) bout (T2), (Each bout consisted of 25 min of stationary cycling at 40% VO2 max with 5 min of seated rest), prior to three Ex bouts (T3) and following one and prior to three Ex bouts (T5). Trial 4 (T4) was the same as T3 with the substitution of a saline placebo. Serum samples were collected over a 12 h period and atropine concentration was determined by RIA. Ex trials were compared to T1. Ex prior to atropine (T2) significantly decreased the mean volume of distribution (Vz, 278 vs 2321). Ex in T3 significantly decreased the serum half life (t1/2, 4.2 vs 3.5 h), Vz (278 vs 1981), and clearance (CL, 763 vs 638 ml·min−1) and significantly increased the peak concentration (Cp, 6.7 vs 12.3 ng·ml−1) and area under the curve (AUC, 44.1 vs 53.1 ng·ml−1). In T5, Ex significantly decreased the t1/2 (3.4 h), Vz (182 l) and CL (575 ml·min−1) and significantly increased the absorption rate constant (ka, 0.482 vs 1.1 min−1), elimination rate constant (ke, 0.0012 vs 0.0015 min−1), Cp (14 ng·ml−1) and AUC (53.3 ng·h·ml−1). These results demonstrate that moderate Ex either prior to and/or immediately following drug administration has the capacity to significantly modify atropine pharmacokinetics.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ramipril ; Piretanide ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single oral doses of 5 mg ramipril and 6 mg piretanide administered separately and in combination were determined in a single blind, randomised, 3-period cross-over study in 24 healthy male volunteers. The peak plasma concentrations of ramipril and ramiprilat increased slightly (from 11.9 to 14.8 ng/ml, and from 6.39 to 8.96 ng/ml, respectively) as did the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of ramipril (0–4 h) and ramiprilat (0–24 h) (from 15.8 to 19.8 ng·ml−1·h, and from 63.4 to 74.6 ng·ml−1·h, respectively). The urinary excretion of ramiprilat also rose (from 6.82 to 7.73 % of dose) following simultaneous treatment with piretanide. These effects were probably due to reduced first-pass metabolism of ramipril/ramiprilat to inactive metabolites. The blood pressure lowering effect, the time course of inhibition of ACE activity in plasma and the concentration-response relationship for the inhibition of plasma ACE activity were not affected by piretanide. The peak plasma concentration of piretanide was somewhat reduced (from 285 to 244 ng/ml) following simultaneous treatment with ramipril. No other pharmacokinetic parameter was affected. Piretanide increased urine flow, and sodium, chloride and potassium excretion, especially during the first 2 hours following administration. These pharmacodynamic parameters were not affected by ramipril. Thus, simultaneous administration of single oral doses of ramipril and piretanide caused modest changes in the peak and average plasma concentrations of both drugs, which did not lead to detectable alterations in the pharmacodynamic parameters measured in healthy volunteers.
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