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  • charge reduction  (2)
  • Family behavior
  • Springer  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic migration and charge reduction in Ni2+-, Co2+- and Zn2+-exchanged Texas montmorillonite (1993)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 18 (1993), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Montmorillonite ; clay ; charge reduction ; cation migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Controlled calcination of ion-exchanged Texas montmorillonite leads to layer charge reduction. Detailed chemical analyses of both exchangeable and unexchangeable metal species lead to the conclusion that, in complete contrast to the situation with Wyoming bentonite, Ni2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ are all capable of migrating from the interlamellar space into the octahedral region of the sheets where they are (i) isomorphously exchanged for Mg2+, and to a proportionately smaller extent, for Fe2+, (ii) trapped in the octahedral vacancies. In addition, they are converted to unexchangeable species on the interlamellar sheet surfaces by high temperature hydrolysis leading to hydroxide or oxide formation. It is suggested that protons within the octahedral region are bound as -OH+ 2rather than simply physically trapped.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00769442
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of layer charge reduction and regeneration in Li+-exchanged montmorillonite (1991)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 9 (1991), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Clays ; montmorillonites ; charge reduction ; charge regeneration ; lithiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thermally induced migration of Li+-cations from the interlamellar region into the sheet structure of montmorillonite clays has long been known to lead to charge reduction which, depending on conditions, may be partial or virtually complete. Charge regeneration by treatment with strong base involves H+-extraction from the sheets and detailed structural and interlamellar analysis establishes a 1∶1 balance between Li+ and H+ arising from the structural exchange -OH + Li+→-OLi + H+. Such lithiated clays are substantially more thermally and solvent stable than their precursors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00769089
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