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  • Thin-layer chromatography  (7)
  • Diethylammoniumflufenaminat  (1)
  • behaviour
  • Springer  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 880-887 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Diethylammoniumflufenaminat ; wasserstrukturerzwungene Ionenpaare ; lyotrope Flüssigkristalle ; 19F-NMR Spektroskopie ; Differentialcalorimetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The salt of diethylamine with flufenamic acid forms water structure-enforced ion-pairs. The free energy of ion-pairing was measured and gave −22,9 kJ/mol. Because of the high pairing energy the salt seems to be nonionic and aggregates in this form to mesomorphic structures. In this amphiphilic “molecule” the carboxylate group together with the bound diethylammoniumion is thought to be the polar head. 19F-NMR investigations of the lamellar mesophases of DEAF show an essential interaction between trifluoromethyl groups and water molecules for the extistence of the liquid crystals. This supports the model of bilayers with incorporated intralamellar waterlayers. These waterlayers shall be stabilized by trifluoromethyl groups. It is suggested that these waterlayers give stability to the amphiphile bilayers. Investigations of the melting and binding of water to the liquid crystals by differential scanning calorimetry show correlations between the bound water and the melting enthalpies of the mesophases. From this it may be concluded that melting of the liquid crystals is a melting of the bound water, i. e. the watermolecules are set free from the hydrate shells of the ion-pairs. This result is also in accordance with the suggested model of bilayers.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Diethylammoniumflufenaminat bildet in wäßrigen Lösungen wasserstrukturerzwungene Ionenpaare. Die Bildungsenergie wurde zu −22,9 kJ/mol bestimmt. Die hohe Bildungenergie läßt das Diethylammoniumflufenaminat als praktisch undissoziierte Substanz erscheinen, die in dieser Form zu flüssig-kristallinen Strukturen assoziiert. Hierbei ist das an die Carboxylatgruppe gebundene Diethylammoniumion als der hydrophile Kopf des amphiphilen „Moleküls“ anzusehen. 19F-NMR Messungen an den lamellaren Mesophasen des Diethylammoniumflufenaminat zeigen, daß für die Existenz der Flüssigkristalle eine Wechselwirkung der Trifluormethylgruppen mit Wasser erforderlich ist. Dies bestätigt die Vermutung, wonach im Inneren der Doppellamellen Wasserschichten eingelagert sind, die durch die Trifluormethylgruppen stabilisiert werden. Diese Wasserschichten bewirken ihrerseits durch Dipol-Dipol-Wechselwirkungen mit den Trifluormethylgruppen den Zusammenhalt der Lamellen. Differentialcalorimetrische Untersuchungen des Schmelzverhaltens und der Wasserbindung der Lyomesophasen zeigen einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem an das Diethylammoniumflufenaminat gebundenen Wasser und den Schmelzenthalpien der Mesophasen. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, daß es sich beim Schmelzen der Mesophasen eigentlich um das „Schmelzen“ des gebundenen Wassers handelt, d. h. Freisetzung der Wassermoleküle aus den Hydrathüllen der hydrophilen Köpfe und Trifluormethylgruppen der Diethylammoniumflufenaminat-Ionenpaare. Auch dieses Verhalten steht in Übereinstimmung mit dem oben genannten Lamellenmodell.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 39 (1994), S. 97-102 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Amino modified silica gel ; Steroid hormones ; Thermal activation ; Fluorescence detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The previously described analytical method for carbohydrates, catecholamines, uric acid, creatine and creatinine using thin-layer chromatography on aminomodified HPTLC plates and subsequent thermal activation of the chromatogram zones is expanded to include several steroid hormones. Specifically, they are the pharmacologically relevant compounds cortisone and hydrocortisone, estradiol and estradiol benzoate, estriol, estrone, methyltestosterone, testosterone and testosterone propionate, prednisolone, pregnandiol and triol, progesterone and Reichstein's S.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 28 (1989), S. 364-366 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; HPTLC ; Glucose and fructose ; Fluorescence detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple method for separating and detecting glucose and fructose is described. Merely heating the chromatogram under an IR radiator, or on a hotplate or in a drying cabinet, renders components separated on HPTLC plates NH2 visible under UV light. The detection limits are similar to those obtained with spray reagents and dipping techniques. Possible application of the method to other carbohydrates is briefly mentioned.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; NH2-silica gel ; Catecholamines ; Urine samples
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This article describes a thin-layer chromatographic method for the determination of catecholamines in human urine. Chromatographic separation on NH2-modified silica gel layers is followed by in-situ visualization brought about by heating the plate. The use of this derivatization technique for other urine components, such as creatine, creatinine, uric acid and glucose, is also discussed.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Cyano-modified layers ; Normal and reversed phase separations ; Ion-pair reagents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The introduction of a cyano-modified, pre-coated layer substantially widens the selectivity of stationary phases in thin-layer chromatography. This is a moderately polar sorbent based on silica gel 60, which can be used both in adsorption chromatography and in reversed-phase chromatography. This new pre-coated layer is particularly suitable for separation of steroids, alkaloids and derivatized amino acids. The possibility of separating habitforming drugs and preservatives in the presence of ionpair reagents is also discussed.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Diethylene glycol and sugars ; Wine ; Visualisation methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the separation of carbohydrates/glycerol/ethylene glycol/diethylene glycol in alcoholic liquids by TLC. An in situ reaction already proven in carbohydrate analysis is used for the detection among other things, of diethylene glycol in low, unpermitted concentrations and is compared with vanadium pentoxide derivatisation also described in the literature. Only the vanadium pentoxide reaction yields satisfactory results for diethylene glycol. The information capacity of HPTLC chromatograms is also demonstrated by the simultaneous analysis of 19 samples. Chromatogram filing is an important consideration, since the lifespans of chromatograms derivatised by the two methods vary considerably. Plates or sheets treated with dichlorofluorescein can still be evaluated over a period of years, whereas plates treated with vanadium pentoxide are unusable after only a few weeks. An advantage of the latter procedure, however, is the amenability of the chromatograms to normal photocopying.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 29 (1990), S. 467-472 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; NH2-layers ; Carbohydrates ; Fluorescence detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Based on experience in the purely thermally induced (no analytical reagents) fluorimetric detection of glucose and fructose after thin-layer chromatographic separation on NH2-layers, the application of this method to other sugars is described. After separation with mobile phases containing pyridine, this “dry”in situ derivatization permits a very simple qualitative and quantitative method of detection for the 20 carbohydrates studied.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Amino modified silica ; Creatine, creatinine, uric acid and carbohydrates ; Fluorescence detection ; In-situ densitometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In clinical diagnosis creatine, creatinine and uric acid are important parameters for the evaluation of renal diseases, and are partially responsible for gout and the formation of renal calculi. The determination of various carbohydrates, especially glucose, in urine and serum serves as an indicator of diabetes and other carbohydrate anomalies. A simple, rapid and economic method for the simultaneous screening and quantitation of these compounds is presented. No sample preparation is necessary for the determination in urine or in serum. The proposed method consists of separations on an amino modified HPTLC precoated plate. The detection of all relevant substances is reproducibly performed by simply heating the chromatogram to give stable fluorescent derivatives. The detection limits in all cases lie significantly below the physiological range.
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