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  • Heavy metals  (2)
  • Cucumber  (1)
  • PACS. 61.30.Gd Orientationnal order of liquid crystals; electric and magnetic field effects on order - 78.20.Ci Optical constants: refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflexion and transmission coefficients, emissivity  (1)
  • Springer  (4)
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  • Springer  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability and effects of heavy metals on soil microbial biomass survival during laboratory incubation (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 19 (1995), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Bioavailability ; CO2−C evolution ; Heavy metals ; Microbial biomass C ; Metabolic quotient ; Soil incubation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In this work we studied the influence of Pb, Zn, and Tl on microbial biomass survival and activity during a laboratory incubation of soil. In comparison to uncontaminated soil, the microbial biomass C decreased sharply in soil contaminated with Zn and Tl, whereas the addition of Pb did not have any significant inhibitory effect on the level of microbial biomass C. Zn displayed the greatest biocidal effect, confirmed by the measurement of the death rate quotient (q D). The microbial activity, measured as CO2 evolution, increased significantly in contaminated soils, emphasizing the need of living organisms to expend more energy to survive. The greater demand for energy by microorganisms in order to cope with the toxicity of pollutants was also confirmed by measurement of the metabolic quotient (q CO2). In order to determine whether soil microorganisms affect the bioavailability of these metals through their mobilization and release, we studied the relationships between available Pb, Zn, and Tl, and microbial biomass C. The water-soluble fraction of Tl, available Tl, and Zn, and microbial biomass C were related significantly, but not Pb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336144
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water- and pyrophosphate-extractable humic substances fractions as a source of iron for Fe-deficient cucumber plants (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 26 (1997), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Humic substances ; Cucumber ; Iron nutrition ; Iron deficiency ; Root acidification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The capacity of Fe-deficient cucumber plants to utilise water-extractable and pyrophosphate-extractable humic substances as a source of Fe was investigated. Plants were grown for 13 days in nutrient solution in the presence or absence of Fe and during the last 7 days water-extractable and pyrophosphate-extractable humic substances were added to the solution at a final concentration of 5 μg organic C ml–1. The water-extractable humic fraction did not significantly modify leaf area and dry matter accumulation, leaf total Fe or chlorophyll content of cucumber plants adequately supplied with Fe. In contrast, pyrophosphate-extractable humic substances caused a slight but significant decrease of all the leaf parameters considered, with the exception of the chlorophyll content. Root Fe content of Fe-sufficient plants was decreased by more than 50% in the presence of each humified fraction. Addition of each humic fraction to Fe-deficient plants led to a partial disappearance of leaf chlorosis symptoms with a significant increase in chlorophyll and leaf Fe content. Fe content of roots was also significantly increased in Fe-deficient plants by the addition of humic substances to the nutrient solution. These results show that Fe-deficient cucumber plants can utilise Fe contained in the two fractions of humified organic matter. However, by calculating the amount of total Fe accumulated per plant in the presence of water-extractable or pyrophosphate-extractable humic substances, it could be seen that Fe contained in the water-extractable humic fraction was almost totally used by Fe-deficient cucumber plants, while that present in the pyrophosphate-extractable fraction could only be partially absorbed. The results strongly support a role of humified organic matter in Fe nutrition of plants and are discussed in terms of a possible interaction between soil humic substances and the biochemical mechanisms involved in the plant response to Fe deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050337
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of inorganic and organic fertilization on soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient and heavy metal bioavailability (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1999), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Organic fertilization ; Soil microbial biomass carbon ; Metabolic quotient ; Bioavailability ; Heavy metals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  We studied the long-term effects (12 years) of municipal refuse compost addition on the total organic carbon (TOC), the amount and activity of the microbial biomass (soil microbial biomass C, BC and metabolic quotient qCO2) and heavy metal bioavaiability in soils as compared to manuring with mineral fertilizers (NPK) and farmyard manure (FYM). In addition, we studied the relationships between among the available fraction [Diethylenetriaminopentacetic acid (DTPA) extractable] of heavy metals and their total content, TOC and BC. After 12 years of repeated treatments, the TOC and BC of control and mineral fertilized plots did not differ. Soils treated with FYM and composts showed a significant increase in TOC and BC in response to the increasing amounts of organic C added. Values of the BC/TOC ratio ranged from 1.4 to 2, without any significative differences among soil treatments. The qCO2 increased in the organic-amended soil and may have indicated microbial stress. The total amounts of metals in treated soils were lower than the levels permitted by the European Union in agricultural soils. DTPA-extractable metals increased in amended soils in response to organic C. A multiple regression analysis with stepwise selection of variables was carried out in order to discriminate between the influence exerted on DTPA-extractable metals by their total content, TOC and BC. Results showed that each metal behaved quite differently, suggesting that different mechanisms might be involved in metal bioavailability
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050506
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface reorientation dynamics of nematic liquid crystals (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 11 (1999), S. 445-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 61.30.Gd Orientationnal order of liquid crystals; electric and magnetic field effects on order - 78.20.Ci Optical constants: refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflexion and transmission coefficients, emissivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: In this paper we report an experimental investigation on the dynamics of the azimuthal director reorientation at a nematic-solid interface. Three qualitatively different kinds of substrates have been investigated: I) intrinsically anisotropic SiO-substrates ( -evaporation), II) isotropic SiO-substrates ( -evaporation) and III) rubbed PVA-substrates. In the case II), an in-plane anisotropy was induced cooling slowly the thermotropic nematic liquid crystal (NLC) from the isotropic phase in the presence of a 0.75 T magnetic field. The reorientation dynamic of the surface azimuthal director angle at the switching-on and off of a magnetic (or electric) field has been investigated. All the substrates show comparable azimuthal anchoring energies and two dynamic regimes: a fast dynamic response, driven by the bulk director reorientation and an extremely slow reorientation. The slow dynamics is explained in terms of anisotropic adsorption of NLC molecules on the solid substrate and is well represented by a stretched exponential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050955
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