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  • Zea mays  (6)
  • Chitin synthetase  (4)
  • FIA  (4)
  • Springer  (14)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum on nitrogenase activity of Zea mays roots grown in agricultural soils under aseptic and non-sterile conditions (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 170-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: A. chroococcum ; Seed inoculation ; Zea mays ; Acetylene reduction assay ; Yield response ; Associative N2 fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings of Zea mays were grown in agricultural soils under aseptic and non-sterile conditions. Acetylene reduction activity and microbial counts were determined after 7 and 30 days of growth. Irrespective of the soil type Azotobacter spp. were commonly isolated under maize cultivation. Inoculation of agricultural soils with a suspension of A. chroococcum led to an increase in Azotobacter numbers, although this effect diminished with time. Nitrogenase activity was detected on maize roots and increased in response to the inoculation with A. chroococcum, showing that this associative growth could be of primary importance for the plant. The results of assays for acetylene reduction activity indicated that the nitrogenase activity was associated only with the root systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257669
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain yield response of Zea mays (hybrid AE 703) to Azotobacter chroococcum H23 (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 352-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: A. chroococcum ; Zea mays ; Yield response ; Fertilizer N ; Inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field experiments were conducted during 1985 and 1986 to examine the effect of Azotobacter chroococcum on the grain yield of maize. Application of 40 kg N ha−1 plus A. chroococcum caused a significant increase in maize yield. Azotobacter inoculation was more efficient at lower doses (40 kg N ha−1) than at high doses (80 kg N ha−1) of urea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261026
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of chitin synthetase from Phycomyces blakesleeanus by calcium and calmodulin (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 148 (1987), S. 280-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chitin synthetase ; Phycomyces blakesleeanus ; Calcium-calmodulin ; Proteases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Levels of basal chitin synthetase in cell-free extracts from Phycomyces blakesleeanus were reduced by breakage of cells in the presence of EDTA or EGTA. Addition of Ca2+ to these extracts activated chitin synthetase. Maximal activation was obtained after 2 h at a Ca2+ concentration of 2–5 mM. Activation by calcium was not reduced by any protease inhibitor tested but benzamidine, whereas the weak proteolytic activity of the extracts was inhibited by antipain. Larger levels of chitin synthetase activation were obtained by the simultaneous addition of calcium and calmodulin in most, but not all extracts. This further activation by calmodulin was prevented by TFP. ATP or cAMP did not stimulate activation by calcium or calcium-calmodulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00456705
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of chitosomes and secretory vesicles from the “slime” variant of Neurospora crassa (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1987), S. 156-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: “Slime” variant ; Neurospora ; Chitosomes ; Chitin synthetase ; Secretory vesicles ; Invertase ; Phosphatase ; Membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cells from the “slime” variant of Neurospora crassa were broken in isotonic conditions by use of triethanolamine buffer plus EDTA. After removal of large membranous structures by low-speed centrifugation, chitosomes and secretory vesicles were separated by means of gel filtration, precipitation of membranous contaminants with Concanavalin A, and centrifugation in sucrose or glycerol gradients. Polypeptidic composition of fractions enriched in secretory vesicles or chitosomes was found to be distinct. By these criteria we concluded that chitosomes and secretory vesicles represent different populations of microvesicles. Both microvesicular populations appeared free of endoplasmic reticulum and vacuolar contaminants as demonstrated by determination of appropriate enzymatic markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425082
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Completion of the sexual cycle and demonstration of genetic recombination in Ustilago maydis in vitro (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 262 (1999), S. 468-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsUstilago maydis ; Zea mays ; Corn smut ; Meiosis ; Cell cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The heterobasidiomycetes responsible for plant smuts obligatorily require their hosts for the completion of the sexual cycle. Accordingly, the sexual cycle of these fungi could so far be studied only by infecting host plants. We have now induced Ustilago maydis, the causative agent of corn smut, to traverse the whole life cycle by growing mixtures of mating-compatible strains of the fungus on a porous membrane placed on top of embryogenic cell cultures of its host Zea mays. Under these conditions, mating, karyogamy and meiosis take place, and the fungus induces differentiation of the plant cells. These results suggest that embryogenic maize cells produce diffusible compounds needed for completion of the sexual cycle of U. maydis, as the plant does for the pathogen during infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of chitin synthetase and purification of chitosomes from several mycelial Mucorales (1987)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 53 (1987), S. 171-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Chitin synthetase ; chitosomes ; Mucorales
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stability of chitin synthetase in cell-free extracts from mycelial fungi was markedly improved by the presence of sucrose in the homogenization media. Breakage of mycelium in sucrose-containing buffer yielded enzyme preparations from which chitosomal chitin synthetase could be purified by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and centrifugation in sucrose density gradients. Purified chitosomes catalyzed the synthesis of chitin microfibrils in vitro upon incubation with substrate and activators. Chitosomal chitin synthetase from the filamentous form of M. rouxii was similar to the enzyme from yeast cells, except for the poorer stability and diminished sensitivity to GlcNAc activation of the former.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393845
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root exudates ofZea mays and production of auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins byAzotobacter chroococcum (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 110 (1988), S. 149-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azotobacter chroococcum ; phytohormones ; root exudates ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Growth ofAzotobacter chroococcum in N-free medium was stimulated in the presence of maize root exudates. Our results show that the production of auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins were significantly stimulated when maize root exudates from 7 to 30 d old plants were added to the culture media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143553
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in the vesicular pattern and wall growth ofPhycomyces induced by the calcium ionophore A 23187 (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 148 (1989), S. 15-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Vesicles ; Phycomyces ; Calcium ionophore ; Chitin synthetase ; Invertase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Hyphal elongation, chitin synthesis in vivo, and invertase secretion inPhycomyces blakesleeanus were all inhibited almost instantly by the addition of 5–10 μM calcium ionophore A 23187. Protein biosynthesis was inhibited in these conditions by 30–50%. The ionophore did not affect cell respiration for at least 40 min. Effect on chitin biosynthesis was not due to alterations of the chitin synthetase levels or its activity; nor to impairement in GlcNAc metabolism. In drug-treated cells the number of apical vesicles was severely reduced even at very short periods of incubation, and these low numbers remained constant for at least 60 min of incubation with the ionophore. We suggest that the ionophore collapses the cellular calcium gradient and/or interferes with the normal electrical transhyphal current. As a consequence, formation and migration of apical vesicles are inhibited. These results are further evidence of the role of vesicles in fungal tip growth and exhibit the fact that active chitin synthetase is short-lived in vivo demanding its continuous supply by chitosomes to the cell surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403987
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creation of ecdysone receptor chimeras in plants for controlled regulation of gene expression (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 261 (1999), S. 546-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Transactivation ; Zea mays ; VP16 ; Nuclear receptors ; Heliothis EcR/GR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transformation with a chimeric receptor containing the glucocorticoid transactivation and DNA-binding domains fused to an ecdysteroid receptor ligand-binding domain permits ecdysone agonist-inducible gene expression in monocotyledonous plant cells. The inducible system is based on the specific activation of a chimeric receptor containing the ligand-binding domain of the Heliothis virescens ecdysteroid receptor and the inducer RH5992 (a 20-hydroxyecdysone agonist). RH5992 is an non-steroidal agrochemical with a high specificity for lepidopteran ecdysone receptors. Addition of RH5992 to transformed cells results in high levels of inducible expression in a ligand-specific manner, particularly when the effector receptor is coupled to the strong transactivator VP16. A chimeric construct containing the Drosophila ecdysone ligand-binding domain failed to activate reporter gene activity with RH5992, while activation was observed in the presence of muristeroneA. The system described provides the basis for an inducible gene expression system that is compatible with agricultural use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050999
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of mRNA accumulation corresponding to a gene encoding a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein by fungal elicitors (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 38 (1998), S. 623-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: elicitor ; hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Hrgp (hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein) gene codes in maize for one of the most abundant proteins of the cell wall. HRGPs may contribute to the structural support of the wall and they have also been involved in plant defense mechanisms. This second aspect has been tested for the Hrgp gene in maize where, in contrast with the situation in dicot species, the gene is encoded by a single-copy sequence. Hrgp mRNA accumulation is induced in maize suspension-cultured cells by elicitors, isolated either from maize pathogenic or non-pathogenic fungi. The induction of Hrgp mRNA accumulation by elicitor extracted from Fusarium moniliforme has been studied in detail. The level of induction depends on elicitor concentration and remains high until at least 24 h. Ethylene and protein phosphorylation appear to be involved in the transduction pathway of Hrgp gene activation by the F. moniliforme elicitor but not by 5 µM methyl jasmonate or 1 mM salycilic acid. Different compounds known to participate in plant stress responses such as ascorbic acid or reduced glutathione have also a positive effect on Hrgp mRNA accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006056000957
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