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  • California  (3)
  • mass balances  (2)
  • Springer  (3)
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  • Springer  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atmospheric deposition, mass balances, and processes regulating streamwater solute concentrations in mixed-conifer catchments of the Sierra Nevada, California (1997)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 37 (1997), S. 111-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: California ; catchments ; discharge-concentration relationships ; mass balances ; wet deposition ; Sierra Nevada
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Solute concentrations in atmospheric deposition and stream water were measuredfrom 1984 through 1993 to determine the fate and mobility of solutes in twogauged mixed-conifer catchments (Tharp's and Log creeks) located in theSierra Nevada, California. The two catchments contain mature forest standsdominated by Abies concolor (white fir), Sequoiadendron giganteum (giantsequoia), Abies magnifica (red fir) and Pinus lambertiana (sugar pine).Ammonium, Cl-, Ca2+ and NO- 3were highest in concentration of the solutes measured in wet deposition;bulk deposition was highest in SO2- 4, NH+ 4,Cl- and H+. Net retention ofH+, NO3 -, NH4 +,SO4 2- and Cl- occurred in both catchments.Discharge was dominated by spring snowmelt with the largest export yieldsfor acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), SiO2, andCa2+. Export yields of H+,NO3 -, NH4 + and PO4 3-were relatively small (0.5 kg ha-1 y-1).Discharge-concentration relationships for ANC, SiO2,Na+, K+, Ca2+ andMg2+ were inverse and their concentrations in stream waterwere primarily influenced by discharge and annual differences in the relativecontributions of snowmelt and groundwater. The mobility of these solutes iscontrolled by the rates of mineral weathering and ion exchange. The positiverelationship of SO4 2- concentration with increasingdischarge suggests that atmospherically deposited SO4 2-is temporarily stored and that its release is controlled by the extent of soilwater flushing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005705927291
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of prescribed burning and drought on the solute chemistry of mixed-conifer forest streams of the Sierra Nevada, California (1997)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 39 (1997), S. 225-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: California ; catchments ; drought ; mass balances ; prescribed burning ; solutes ; Sierra Nevada ; stream water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Solute concentrations in atmospheric depositionand stream water were measured in two mixed-conifercatchments (Tharp‘s and Log creeks) in the SierraNevada of California from 1984 through 1995, a periodincluding a 6-year drought and a prescribed burn inone catchment. The effects of prescribed burning inthe Tharp‘s Creek catchment significantly increasedthe concentrations of most solutes in stream water. In the first year after prescribed burning, the VWM(volume-weighted mean) concentrations of acid anionsin stream water increased proportionally more thanthose of the base cations, and ANC (acid neutralizingcapacity) more than doubled. Sulfate and NO 3 - increased proportionally more in streamwater than any other ions after the fire, but pre- andpost-burn VWM pH were not significantlydifferent. VWM SO 4 2- and NO 3 - concentrations the first year after burning occurredwere about 16- and 2,000-fold above pre-burnbaselines, respectively, while that of Cl-increased 4-fold. Net retention (precipitationinputs minus streamwater outputs) of H+,NO 3 - , NH 3 + , SO 4 2- and Cl- occurred in both catchments, except afterprescribed burning of the Tharp’s Creek catchment inthe fall of 1990, which caused a net export ofSO 4 2- , Cl- and K+ thefirst year after the burn. Most solutes remained abovepre-disturbance concentrations by the end of the thirdyear after burning, whereas H+ and SiO2remained below. Periodic increases in theconcentrations of Na+, Ca2+ and SO 4 2- , and decreases in ANC and SiO2occurred during a 6-year drought monitored in theadjacent undisturbed catchment of Log Creek.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005858219050
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen and Sulfate Export from High Elevation Catchments of the Sierra Nevada, California (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 105 (1998), S. 217-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: California ; monitoring ; nitrate export ; Sierra Nevada ; stream water chemistry ; sulfate export ; watershed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Based on studies of high-elevation, Sierra Nevada catchments during the period from 1983 through 1996, we describe temporal variations in the concentrations of NO3 - and SO4 2- in surface waters. During snowmelt, some catchments had a pattern of NO3 - increase to a plateau between the start of snowmelt and some weeks before runoff peaked, and a decline as runoff increased to its maximum. In other catchments, NO3 - concentrations peaked during the autumn and winter. Long-term trends in surface water chemistry were evident in only two catchments: an increase in SO4 2- concentrations in surface waters of the Ruby Lake basin, and a lowering of annual maxima and minima of NO3 - concentrations at Emerald Lake. From October 1987 through April 1994, SO4 2- concentrations increased from about 6 µeq L-1 to about 12 µeq L-1 in Ruby Lake, and in Emerald Lake, NO3 - maxima declined by 25-50 %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005046819128
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