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  • east rift zone  (2)
  • AVHRR  (1)
  • Springer  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of thermal areas on an active lava flow field: Landsat observations of Kilauea, Hawaii, July 1991 (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 56 (1994), S. 284-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words: Lava flow field ; Landsat Thematic Mapper ; flux density map ; Kilauea ; lava tubes ; east rift zone ; flow emplacement chronology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. A Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image acquired on 23 July 1991 recorded widespread activity associated with the Episode 48 of the Pu'u 'O'o–Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. The scene contains a very large number (〉3500) of thermally elevated near infrared (0.8–2.35 μm) pixels (each ∼900 m2), which enable the spatial distribution of volcanic activity to be identified. This activity includes a lava lake within Pu'u 'O'o cone, an active lava tube system (∼7.9 km in length) with skylights between the Kupaianaha lava shield and several ocean entry points, and extensive active surface flows (total area of ∼1.3 km2) within a much larger area of cooling flows (total ∼16 km2). The production of an 'average flux density map' from the TM data of the flow field, wherein the average flux density is defined in units of W m–2, allows for the chronology of emplacement of active and cooling flows to be determined. The flux density map reveals that there were at least three breakouts (〉5000 W m–2) feeding active flows, but on the day that the data were collected the TM recorded a waning phase of surface activity in this area, based on the relatively large amount of intermediate power-emitting (cooling) flows compared to high power-emitting (active) flows. The production of a comparable flux density map for future eruptions would aid in the assessment of volcanic hazards if the data were available in near-real time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302081
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of lava effusion rates from Landsat TM data (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 60 (1998), S. 52-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words TM ; Lava flow ; Thermal flux ; Effusion rates ; AVHRR ; Pu'u 'O'o ; Kupaianaha
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  We present a thermal model to calculate the total thermal flux for lava flowing in tubes, on the surface, or under shallow water. Once defined, we use the total thermal flux to estimate effusion rates for active flows at Kilauea, Hawaii, on two dates. Input parameters were derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), field and laboratory measurements. Using these parameters we obtain effusion rates of 1.76±0.57 and 0.78±0.27 m3 s–1 on 23 July and 11 October 1991, respectively. These rates are corroborated by field measurements of 1.36±0.14 and 0.89±0.09 m3 s–1 for the same dates (Kauahikaua et al. 1996). Using weather satellite (AVHRR) data of lower spatial resolution, we obtain similar effusion rates for an additional 26 dates between the two TM-derived measurements. We assume that, although total effusion rates at the source declined over the period, the shut down of the ocean entry meant that effusion rates for the surface flows alone remained stable. Such synergetic use of remotely sensed data provides measurements that can (a) contribute to monitoring flow-field evolution, and (b) provide reliable numerical data for input into rheological and thermal models. We look forward to being able to produce estimates for effusion rates using data from high-spatial-resolution sensors in the earth observing system (EOS) era, such as Landsat 7, the hyperspectral imager, the advanced spaceborne thermal emission spectrometer, and the advanced land imager.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450050216
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of thermal areas on an active lava flow field: Landsat observations of Kilauea, Hawaii, July 1991 (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 56 (1994), S. 284-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Lava flow field ; Landsat Thematic Mapper ; flux density map ; Kilauea ; lava tubes ; east rift zone ; flow emplacement chronology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image acquired on 23 July 1991 recorded widespread activity associated with the Episode 48 of the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. The scene contains a very large number (〉3500) of thermally elevated near infrared (0.8–2.35 μm) pixels (each ∼900 m2), which enable the spatial distribution of volcanic activity to be identified. This activity includes a lava lake within Pu'u 'O'o cone, an active lava tube system (∼7.9 km in length) with skylights between the Kupaianaha lava shield and several ocean entry points, and extensive active surface flows (total area of ∼1.3 km2) within a much larger area of cooling flows (total∼16 km2). The production of an ‘average flux density map’ from the TM data of the flow field, wherein the average flux density is defined in units of Wm-2, allows for the chronology of emplacement of active and cooling flows to be determined. The flux density map reveals that there were at least three breakouts (〉5000 Wm-2) feeding active flows, but on the day that the data were collected the TM recorded a waning phase of surface activity in this area, based on the relatively large amount of intermediate power-emitting (cooling) flows compared to high power-emitting (active) flows. The production of a comparable flux density map for future eruptions would aid in the assessment of volcanic hazards if the data were available in near-real time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302081
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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