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  • 72.20  (2)
  • microemulsion  (2)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • PLASMA PHYSICS
  • Springer  (4)
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  • Springer  (4)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72.20 ; 85.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analytical expression of the modified form of the Einstein relation in heavily doped semiconductors in which Gaussian band tails are formed near the lower limit of heavy doping is derived for studying the temperature dependence of the diffusivity-mobility ratio of the carriers in such semiconductors. It is found that, with increasing temperature from relatively low values, the ratio first increases in a nonlinear manner and then decreases till, at high temperatures, it approaches its value corresponding to the non-degenerate condition resulting in a peak over a narrow range of temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 85.30 ; 72.20 ; 72.15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An attempt is made to study the effect of a quantizing magnetic field on the effective electron mass in degeneraten-type narrow-gap semiconductors at low temperatures. It is found, takingn-Hg1−x Cd x Te as an example, that the effective electron mass shows an oscillatory magnetic-field dependence as is expected because of the dependence of the effective mass in degenerate non-parabolic bands on Fermi energy which oscillates with changing magnetic field. The amplitude of oscillations is, however, found to be significantly influenced by the alloy composition whereas the period is found to be independent of the band non-parabolicity, i.e. of the compositional parameter in ternary semiconductors.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Interaction parameter ; lamella ; microemulsion ; structure ; parameter ; spin-lattice model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A ternary amphiphilic system consisting of water,n-octane and nonionic amphiphile C12E5 has been studied by means of small-angle X-ray scattering in order to understand the differences of structures and interaction parameters among the low-temperature microemulsion (LTM), middle-temperature lamellar (MTL) and high-temperature microemulsion (HTM) phases. Scattering spectra for microemulsion phases are analyzed by the phenomenological scattering formula of Teubner and Strey (TS), whereas the Ornstein-Zernike scattering formula was combined with the TS formula for the lamellar phase. From the fitting parameters we have determined structural parameters such as the repeat distanceD, correlation lengthξ and 2πξ/D for both the lamellar and the two microemulsion phases. Observed results suggest that the LTM phase is more ordered than the HTM phase. Thermal fluctuations in the HTM phase may make the structure less ordered than that in the LTM phase. Again a finite value ofkξ suggests the existence of an imperfectly ordered MTL phase. Microscopic interaction parameters were determined in terms of Gompper and Schick's (GS) microscopic spin-lattice theory for a suitable lattice parameterd=15 Å. Observed interaction parameters have reasonable agreement with GS's prediction. The inequality condition ¦L¦〉J/4, suggests strong amphiphilic interaction for all three phases.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Amphiphile ; microemulsion ; lamella ; partial structure function ; mean curvature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Partial structure functions and mean curvatures of a ternary amphiphilic system consisting of water,n-octane and nonionic amphiphile C12E5 with equal volume fraction of oil and water have been studied by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Isotopic contrast variation technique was used to obtain suitable scattering contrasts of oil and water. We observed that the cross partial structure functions, that arise from the correlation between water-surfactant or oil-surfactant, change sign when the temperature passes through the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) point. It indicates that the interaction parameterC of the spin-lattice model invert on HLB line. We have calculated mean curvatures considering that water or oil molecules can partially penetrate into the surfactant film. Experimental results show that mean curvatures increase as the temperature increases at a rate of 1.5×10−3 (Å−1 K−1).
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