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  • 66.70. + f  (1)
  • Dynamic NMR spectroscopy  (1)
  • PACS: 42.65 H; 42.30; 07.07.D  (1)
  • erythrocytes  (1)
  • Springer  (4)
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  • Springer  (4)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Dihetero[2.2]orthometacyclophane ; Dynamic NMR spectroscopy ; Conformational analysis ; Ring interconversion of 9-membered ring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die N,N′-Ditosyl-diaza[2.2]orthometacyclophane5a, b wurden aus N,N-Ditosylmetaphenylendiamin durch Umsetzung mit (Z)-1,4-Dichlorbuten bzw. 1,2-Bisbrommethylbenzol gewonnen. Tieftemperatur-NMR-Untersuchungen ergaben, daß5b als 1:1 Mischung einer Sessel- und einer Bootkonformation des gespanntenE,Z-Diazanonadienringes vorliegt. Bei Raumtemperatur ist die zugehörige Ringinversion schnell in der NMR-Zeitskala, die entsprechenden Protonen in beiden Konformeren, auch die aller CH2-Brückenprotonen, ergeben gemittelte Signale. Bei tiefen Temperaturen wird zunächst die Inversion der Methylenbrücken eingefroren (Signale für zweiexo- und zweiendo-CH2-Protonen werden erhalten, ΔG ≠ ca. 52 kJ mol−1). Bei weiterer Temperatursenkung können nach Einfrieren eines zweiten dynamischen Prozesses Sessel- und Bootkonformer anhand von getrennten Signalsätzen identifiziert werden (die freie Aktivierungsenthalpie für den zugehörigen Sessel-Boot-Flip beträgt ΔG ≠ ca. 43.5 kJ mol−1). Die Zuordnung der1H- und13C-NMR-Resonanzen wurde mit Hilfe von zweidimensionalen NMR-Experimenten gesichert.
    Notes: Summary The N,N′-ditosyl-diaza[2.2]orthometacyclophanes5a, b were synthesized from N,N-ditosyl-metaphenylenediamine by reaction with (Z)-1,4-dichlorobutene and 1,2-bis-bromomethylbenzene, respectively. Low temperature NMR studies showed that the compound5b exists as a 1:1 mixture of chair and boat form of the strained (E,Z)-diazanonadiene ring. At room temperature all corresponding resonances are averaged on the NMR time scale (including all four ethylene bridge protons). Going to lower temperatures, in a first step the methylene bridge inversion is frozen (giving twoexo H and twoendo H, ΔG ≠ ca. 52kJmol−1). In a second step the chair and boat form can be observed separately (ΔG ≠ ca. 43.5 kJ mol−1 for the chair/boat flip). The assignments were confirmed by 2D NMR experiments.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 493-497 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 66.70. + f
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the anisotropic thermal conductivity in pyrolytic graphite by thermoreflectance. A laser-heated circular spot on a surface perpendicular to the planes developed into an elliptical temperature distribution which was recorded by a raster scanning technique at modulation frequencies ranging from 600 Hz to 100 kHz. The ratio of in-plane and perpendicular thermal conductivity was determined by fitting the phase of the temperature data with an analytical model, and was found to decrease with increasing modulation frequency. Highest conductivity values were considerably smaller than previously published data based on steady-state measurements. The frequency dependence and additional features in the phase profiles at high frequencies are discussed in view of sample surface preparation and the local nature of the thermoreflectance measurement.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.65 H; 42.30; 07.07.D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In this article, we demonstrate the capability of a two-beam coupling photorefractive optical novelty filter of detecting changes in the amplitude or phase of optical images. These changes may either be continuous or discrete in time. The performance of the two-beam coupling novelty filter is investigated and expressions for the output contrast corresponding to phase and amplitude changes based on a novel, simple interference model of two-beam coupling are derived. These expressions are verified by experimental results on the novelty contrast, revealing that the amplitude contrast is not described correctly by the commonly accepted coupled-wave theory. The novelty filter was applied to the detection of temporally continuous phase changes provided by a gas flow and moving microscopic objects. A novel scheme for image subtraction is also demonstrated, showing the novelty filter’s ability to detect temporally discrete changes.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 11 (1991), S. 213-221 
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: erythrocytes ; cell shape transformation ; transmembrane potential ; chlorpromazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the shape of human erythrocytes with different values of transmembrane potential (TMP) was investigated. The shape of red blood cells with negative values of the TMP remained unchanged after the formation of stomatocytes by chlorpromazine, while cells with positive TMP showed a characteristic time course of shape change during the incubation with CPZ. Experiments with vanadate show that this might be due to a difference in the activity of the phospholipid-translocase at different values of TMP.
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