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  • Disease resistance  (2)
  • 13C NMR  (1)
  • Nucleic acid structure, Phsyical and Biochemical Characterisation of DNA
  • phase equilibria
  • supercritical extraction
  • Springer  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tagging genes for blast resistance in rice via linkage to RFLP markers (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 471-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Disease resistance ; Molecular markers ; Oryza sativa L. ; Pyricularia oryzae Cav. ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Both Pi-2(t) and Pi-4(t) genes of rice confer complete resistance to the blast fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae Cav. As economically important plant genes, they have been recently characterized phenotypically, yet nothing is known about their classical linkage associations and gene products. We report here the isolation of DNA markers closely linked to these blast resistance genes in rice. The DNA markers were identified by testing 142 mapped rice genomic clones as hybridization probes against Southern blots, consisting of DNA from pairs of nearly isogenic lines (NILs) with or without the target genes. Chromosomal segments introgressed from donor genomes were distinguished by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) between the NILs. Linkage associations of the clones with Pi-2(t) and Pi4(t) were verified using F3 segregating populations of known blast reaction. Cosegregation of the resistant genotype and donor-derived allele indicated the presence of linkage between the DNA marker and a blast resistance gene. RFLP analysis showed that Pi-2(t) is closely linked to a single-copy DNA clone RG64 on chromosome 6, with a distance of 2.8+1.4(SE) cMorgans. Another blast resistance gene, Pi-4(t), is 15.3+4.2(SE) cMorgans away from a DNA clone RG869 on chromosome 12. These chromosomal regions can now be examined with additional markers to define the precise locations of Pi-2(t) and Pi-4(t). Tightly linked DNA markers may facilitate early selection for blast resistance genes in breeding programs. These markers may also be useful to map new genes for resistance to blast isolates. They may ultimately lead to the cloning of those genes via chromosome walking. The gene tagging approach demonstrated in this paper may apply to other genes of interest for both monogenic and polygenic traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219436
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular mapping of genes for resistance to rice blast (Pyricularia grisea Sacc.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 859-863 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Disease resistance ; Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ; Blast (Pyricularia grisea Sacc.) ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ; Gene mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two dominant genes conferring complete resistance to specific isolates of the rice blast fungus, Pyricularia grisea Sacc., were located on the molecular map of rice in this study. Pi-l(t) is a blast resistance gene derived from the cultivar ‘LAC23’. Its map location was determined using a pair of nearly isogenic lines (NILs) and a B6F3 segregating population from which the isoline was derived. RFLP analysis showed that Pi-l(t) is located near the end of chromosome 11, linked to RZ536 at a distance of 14.0±4.5 centiMorgans (cM). A second gene, derived from the cultivar ‘Apura’, was mapped using a rice doubled-haploid (DH) population. This gene was located on chromosome 12, flanked by RG457 and RG869, at a distance of 13.5+-4.3 cM and 17.7+-4.5 cM, respectively. The newly mapped gene on chromosome 12 may be allelic or closely linked toPi-ta. (=Pi-4(t)), a gene derived from Tetep that was previously reported to be linked to RG869 at a distance of 15.4±4.7 cM. The usefulness of markers linked to blast resistance genes will be discussed in the context of breeding for durable blast resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224086
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Methods for Measuring Polyphenols in Conifer Foliage (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 2119-2140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Polyphenols ; condensed tannins ; plant adaptations ; plant–litter-soil interactions ; 13C NMR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract There is a resurgence of interest in the quantification of polyphenols in plant tissues because of their presumed ecological importance in plant–litter–soil and plant–animal interactions. The influence of sample preparation, extracting solvent, foliage quality, and assay method was investigated for the quantification of total phenols and condensed tannins in conifer foliage. Our results suggest that it is not possible to recommend a single optimal protocol for quantification of total phenol and condensed tannin fractions from plant materials. In general, the use of aqueous acetone (50–70% v/v) with freeze-dried materials gave the highest recovery. The Folin-Ciocalteau method for total phenols and the butanol–HCl hydrolysis method for condensed tannins appear superior to other common assays tested. There were large differences (1.4–2.2 times) in the reactivity of purified condensed tannins among species, indicating the importance of an appropriate standard for polyphenol quantification. A solid-state 13C NMR method with an improved "interrupted decoupling" pulse sequence yielded the highest concentrations for condensed tannins. Assuming that 13C NMR provides an accurate measure of total condensed tannin, the other extraction/assay methods used in this study recovered 50–86% of the condensed tannin fraction. The recovery rate is correlated with the nitrogen content of the foliage, which suggests that the formation of protein–tannin complexes may limit the extractability of condensed tannins. While 13C NMR condensed tannin values may give the best value for total condensed tannin concentrations, the water-soluble fraction may have the greatest physiological and/or ecological significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005568416040
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