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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastic crystals and their potential use in new technologies (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 37 (1991), S. 2395-2398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden einige Bemerkungen über die potentielle Verwendung von Plast-Kristallen in der Energiespeicherung gemacht. Dabei geht es hauptsächlich um die Möglichkeit der Bildung binärer fester Lösungen. Drei binäre Phasendiagramme der Pentaerythrit-reihe wurden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The paper gives some comments about the potential use of plastic crystals in energy storage. The main point deals with the possibilities of binary solid solution formation. Three binary phase diagrams in the pentaerythritol series are commented on.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01913741
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    The impact of interactions between tropical and mid-latitude intraseasonal oscillations around the Tibetan Plateau on the 1998 Yangtze floods (2018)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: This study explores the dynamic processes on intraseasonal timescales responsible for the devastating floods over the Yangtze Basin during June–August 1998. Wavelet analysis suggests that the unusual double Meiyu episodes over the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley (SMLY) depended on the 25–60-day intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), which has an anomalous ascending branch over the SMLY and descending branch south of 20°N over eastern China. This vertical–meridional cell was not only regulated by the tropical ISO over the Asian summer monsoon region but also modulated by the mid-latitude ISO in the upper troposphere. The intraseasonal Rossby wave train along the Asian westerly jet, presenting as the anomalous anticyclone over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) sandwiched between anomalous cyclones in the upstream and downstream areas, tended to trigger another reversed vertical–meridional cell with updraft over the SMLY and downdraft to the north through vorticity advection. The phase-lock of these ascending branches over the SMLY produced the double Meiyu episodes. The duration of the SMLY flooding was also associated with the interactions between tropical and mid-latitude ISOs. During the first wet episode, as the tropical ISO-related upper-level divergent flows propagated northward to the southwestern TP, they tended to anchor the anticyclone over the TP through their interaction with the mid-latitude rotational circulation. This favored persistent ascent over the SMLY, and thus the prolonged Meiyu episode in June. In contrast, the northward propagation was confined to the central Bay of Bengal in July, leading to a short Meiyu episode.
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    “Zipper-Like” Periodic Magnetosonic Waves: Van Allen Probes, THEMIS, and Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-08
    Description: An interesting form of “zipper-like” magnetosonic waves consisting of two bands of interleaved periodic rising-tone spectra was newly observed by the Van Allen Probes, the THEMIS, and the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) missions. The two discrete bands are distinct in frequency and intensity, however, they maintain the same periodicity which varies in space and time, suggesting that they possibly originate from one single source intrinsically. In one event, the “zipper-like” magnetosonic waves exhibit the same periodicity as a constant frequency magnetosonic wave and an electrostatic emission, but the modulation comes from neither density fluctuations nor ULF waves. A statistical survey based on 3.5 years of multi-satellite observations shows that “zipper-like” magnetosonic waves mainly occur on the dawn-to-noon side, in a frequency range between 10 f cp and f LHR . The “zipper-like” magnetosonic waves may provide a new clue to nonlinear excitation or modulation process while its cause still remains to be fully understood.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Formation of Alfvénic resonance layers in magnetic reconnection (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-09
    Description: n the framework of two-dimensional incompressible MHD, we investigate the formation of Alfvénic resonance layers with different super-Alfvénic shear flows. It is found that Alfvénic resonance layers are formed in the inflow region for the cases with the shear flow thickness larger than the current sheet thickness. The Alfvénic layers exist at where the flow velocity equals the local Alfvén speed and slowly drift away from the current sheet region as a magnetic island develops. The ratio ( D ) between the separation of the Alfvénic resonance layers and the current sheet thickness plays a crucial role on magnetic reconnection. It is found that D~3 is a critical value, which is about the saturated size of a magnetic island in magnetic reconnection without super-Alfvénic shear flow. For D〈3 the super-Alfvénic shear flow shows mainly a suppressing effect on magnetic reconnection and the peaked reconnection rate drops below the rate without a super-Alfvénic shear flow. When D〉3, the boosting effect of KHI surpasses the suppressing effect by Alfvénic resonance and the peaked reconnection rate is larger than that without a super-Alfvénic shear flow. For D~5, the super-Alfvénic shear flow gives rise to a strongest boosting effect on magnetic reconnection. Possible applications are briefly discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration During the 17 March 2015 Geomagnetic Storm: Observations and Simulations (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-11
    Description: Various physical processes are known to cause acceleration, loss, and transport of energetic electrons in the Earth's radiation belts, but their quantitative roles in different time and space need further investigation. During the largest storm over the past decade (17 March 2015), relativistic electrons experienced fairly rapid acceleration up to ~7 MeV within 2 days after an initial substantial dropout, as observed by Van Allen Probes. In the present paper, we evaluate the relative roles of various physical processes during the recovery phase of this large storm using a 3D diffusion simulation. By quantitatively comparing the observed and simulated electron evolution, we found that chorus plays a critical role in accelerating electrons up to several MeV near the developing peak location and produces characteristic flat-top pitch angle distributions. By only including radial diffusion the simulation underestimates the observed electron acceleration, while radial diffusion plays an important role in redistributing electrons and potentially accelerates them to even higher energies. Moreover, plasmaspheric hiss is found to provide efficient pitch angle scattering losses for hundreds of keV electrons, while its scattering effect on 〉 1 MeV electrons is relatively slow. Although an additional loss process is required to fully explain the overestimated electron fluxes at multi-MeV, the combined physical processes of radial diffusion and pitch angle and energy diffusion by chorus and hiss reproduce the observed electron dynamics remarkably well, suggesting that quasi-linear diffusion theory is reasonable to evaluate radiation belt electron dynamics during this big storm.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Preparation of Rutile Titanium Dioxide White Pigment by a Novel NaOH Molten-Salt Process: Influence of Doping and Calcination (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-06
    Description: Rutile titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) white pigment is prepared by a novel NaOH molten-salt process. Titanium slag is decomposited by NaOH molten salt to obtain sodium titanate which is then converted into hydrate titanium dioxide (H 2 TiO 3 ) through acid dissolution and hydrolysis. Finally, TiO 2 white pigment is prepared by H 2 TiO 3 doping and calcinations. H 2 TiO 3 prepared by this innovative method is characterized and the influencing factors of doping and calcination of H 2 TiO 3 on pigmentary properties of TiO 2 are investigated. H 2 TiO 3 with certain characteristics could be prepared through the controlled hydrolysis step in the NaOH molten-salt process. Good pigmentary properties of rutile TiO 2 white pigment are achieved by doping with suitable amounts of K 2 O, P 2 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , and rutile nuclei, thereby approaching the quality of the commercial TiO 2 pigment standards. The preparation of rutile TiO 2 white pigment by means of a novel NaOH molten-salt process is demonstrated. Color performance was improved by the addition of K 2 O, P 2 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , and rutile nuclei. The improved color performance of rutile TiO 2 white pigment approaches the quality of commercial TiO 2 pigment standards.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 7
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    Prediction of the Melt Index Based on the Relevance Vector Machine with Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: A novel chemical soft-sensor approach for the prediction of the melt index (MI) in the propylene polymerization industry is presented. The MI is considered as one of the important variables of quality that determine the product specifications. Thus, a reliable estimation of the MI is crucial in quality control. An accurate optimal predictive model of MI values with the relevance vector machine (RVM) is proposed, where the RVM is employed to build the MI prediction model; a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm is then introduced to optimize the parameter of the RVM, and the MPSO-RVM model is thereby developed. An online correcting strategy (OCS) is further carried out to update the modeling data and to revise the model's parameter self-adaptively whenever model mismatch happens. Based on the data from a real polypropylene production plant, a detailed comparison is carried out among the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), RVM, MPSO-RVM, and OCS-MPSO-RVM models. The research results reveal the prediction accuracy and validity of the proposed approach. A chemical soft-sensor approach for the prediction of the melt index (MI) in the propylene polymeriza-tion industry is presented. The relevance vector machine (RVM) is employed to build the MI prediction model. A modified particle swarm optimization algorithm is then introduced to optimize the parameter of the RVM and an online correcting strategy is carried out to update the modeling data.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 8
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    An orchestrated climate song from the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and its implication on climatological processes (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: A climate index is a time series that quantifies the temporal evolution of a climate process in a particular region. Various climatic patterns, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Arctic Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), have been summarized into climate indices corresponding to the respective regions; a comparison among these indices enables various further inferences. In this study, we investigated the interconnection between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans using the representative climate indices, i.e. the PDO and NAO indices, respectively. Using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and statistical analysis, it was shown that these two indices share the same long-term oscillation phase in the low-frequency domain, while in the high-frequency domain, the cross-correlation and the serial correlations of the two indices vary according to the phase of the long-term oscillation. This implies that a certain long-term oscillatory forcing influences both the Atlantic and Pacific regions. Three global gridded climate variables [i.e. sea-level pressure (SLP), precipitable water (PW), and sea-surface temperature (SST)] were studied over three different periods (i.e. the negative phase period of the long-term oscillation centered on 1960 and the positive phase centered on 1990). The mean 11 year anomalies revealed a noticeable particular spatial pattern and opposing tendencies for these periods. Furthermore, the global spatial patterns inducing the cross-correlation between the NAO and PDO indices and the lag-1 auto-correlations of the NAO index are presented. Based on the results presented in the current study, a long-term oscillation with a 70 to 80 year cycle may exist in the Pacific and Atlantic regions simultaneously. Because the slow and cyclic long-term oscillation can be predictable using EMD, if the same climate conditions of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans continue as the last several decades, the spatial evolution of climate variables might also be inferred according to the phase of the long-term oscillation. Further physical study and analysis of long proxy records should help provide more conclusive results. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
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    Slow shock formation and structure with sub-Alfvénic shear flow in magnetic reconnection (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-07
    Description: Slow shock formation and structure associated with magnetic reconnection are investigated in the presence of sub-Alfvénic shear flow using a compressible resistive MHD model. It is found for the first time that one or two pairs of the slow shocks are formed in the inflow region away from the reconnection separatrices within compressible resistive MHD. The distributions of the slow shocks depend largely on the plasma beta and the shear flow velocity that lead to the increase of magnetic reconnection rate. One pair of the slow shocks is formed for β = 0.2 and two pairs of the slow shocks are generated for β = 1.0 with the shear flow velocity in the range 0.6 VA to 0.9 VA. For high plasma beta (β = 5.0), there is no slow shock formed outside the reconnection separatrices. The results can be applied to interpret slow shock observations at the dayside magnetopause.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Comparison of sprite initiation altitudes between observations and models (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-22
    Description: Simultaneous analyses of measured sprite initiation altitudes with predicted initiation altitudes from simulations enable an examination of our understanding of the sprite initiation mechanism and the modeling techniques to simulate this mesospheric electrical phenomenon. In this work, we selected a subset of sprites optically observed from Langmuir Laboratory, NM; locations near Las Vegas, NM, in 2007 and near Portales, NM, in 2008; and a Duke University field station. The sprites were observed by high-speed imaging with time resolutions of at least 1 ms and by low light level imagers. Sprite initiation altitudes were determined by triangulation between Langmuir Laboratory and either Portales or Las Vegas, while star field analysis determined the approximate measured initiation altitudes for Duke observations. These video observations were coordinated with electromagnetic field measurements from Yucca Ridge Field Station and Duke University, respectively. With a 2-D finite difference time domain model, we simulated the lightning-driven electric fields and predict the likely altitude of sprite initiation and compare these findings with the measured initiation altitude of each sprite analyzed. Of 20 discrete sprite events analyzed, both the measured and the simulation-predicted initiation altitudes indicate that long-delayed sprites tend to initiate at lower altitude. The average discrepancy between the measurements and the simulation results is 0.35 km with a standard deviation of 3.6 km. This consistency not only confirms previous results about the relationship between sprite initiation altitude and time delay but also helps to develop confidence in the models to reveal the sprite physics.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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