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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pair correlation function for Ising spins with competing dynamics (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 53 (1988), S. 1217-1225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Competing dynamics ; nonequilibrium steady state ; pair correlation function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An interacting Ising spin system on a lattice with the competing influence of spin-flip (Glauber) and spin-exchange (Kawasaki) dynamics is studied. The exact nonequilibrium steady-state solution of the pair correlation function in one dimension is derived and compared with the simulation data. The two-dimensional solution, under some Ansatz, is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01023865
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhomogeneous Ising model on a multiconnected network (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 56 (1989), S. 695-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Inverse solution ; inhomogeneous Ising network ; collective modes ; topological invariants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We first generalize the inhomogeneous external field Ising model on a ring to include inhomogeneous couplings. We then further generalize the one-dimensional periodic lattice to the simplest multiconnected networks. The fundamental idea and techniques developed here may be also applicable to other problems where topological collective (nonlocal) modes are many fewer in number than total degrees of freedom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01016775
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geostatistical scaling of canopy water content in a California salt marsh (1998)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 13 (1998), S. 79-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: geostatistics ; scaling ; grain ; extent ; canopy water content ; salt marsh ; remote sensing ; Airborne ; Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Remote sensing data are typically collected at a scale which is larger in both grain and extent than traditional ecological measurements. To compare with remotely sensed data on a one-to-one basis, field measurements frequently must be rescaled to match the grain of image data. Once a one-to-one correspondence is established, it may be possible to extrapolate site based relationships over a wider extent. This paper presents a methodology for rescaling the grain of ecological field data to match the grain of remotely sensed data and gives an example of the method in verification of remote sensing estimates of canopy water content in a tidal salt marsh. We measured canopy water content at 169 points on a semi-regular grid in the Petaluma Marsh, CA. A variogram describing the spatial correlation structure of the canopy water content was calculated and modeled. Ordinary kriging estimates of the canopy water content were calculated over blocks corresponding to image pixels acquired by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). A water content index was determined from the reflectance data by calculating the area of a water absorption feature at 970 nm. A regression developed between the blocks and the pixels at the site was extrapolated over the image to obtain an estimate of canopy water content for the entire marsh. The patterns of canopy water content at the site and landscape levels suggest that different processes are important for determining patterns of canopy water content at different spatial extents. The errors involved in the rescaling procedures and the remote sensing interpretation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007961516096
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress effect and evidence of ferroelectric weakening in highly c-axis-oriented PbTiO3 thin films (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.55.J; 78.30.Hv; 77.55.+f
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 3 were successfully grown on Pt-coated SrTiO3 single-crystal substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The as-deposited thin films were found to be highly (001)-oriented with an average grain size of about 0.3 μm. Both a decrease of the tetragonality and a frequency downshift of the long-wavelength optical phonons were observed and attributed to the effect of compressive stress in the thin films. However, Raman scattering studies estimated a stress value of 2.6 GPa, which is much larger than the value of 0.75 GPa obtained from the XRD analyses. Raman spectroscopic studies also confirmed the grain-size-related disorder feature in the as-grown PbTiO3 thin films. Structural investigations implied the weakening of ferroelectricity in the heteroepitaxial ferroelectric thin films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050676
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    E(transverse optical)-mode properties in the LiTaO3:Nd crystal at room temperature (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 317-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 78.30.−j 63.20.−e
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. E(TO)-mode properties in LiTaO3:Nd crystal were examined by analyzing the Raman spectra measured. E(TO) modes appear in the transverse A 1 spectrum. Their intensities obviously increase in the E and E+A 1 mixed-symmetry spectra but decrease in the E spectrum which shows new vibrational modes. In particular, in the transverse-E spectrum of y(xz)y¯ geometry, the properties of E(TO) modes are similar to those of pure LiTaO3 of the same geometry, whereas in the transverse-E spectrum in x(yz)x¯ geometry these modes are turned into A 1 (TO) modes. We attribute these properties to both the surface strain produced by mechanical polishing of the sample and the microstructural change of the LiTaO3 crystal resulting from Nd doping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538411
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    E(transverse optical)-mode properties in the LiTaO3: Nd crystal at room temperature (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 317-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.30.-j ; 63.20.-e
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract E(TO)-mode properties in LiTaO3:Nd crystal were examined by analyzing the Raman spectra measured.E(TO) modes appear in the transverseA 1 spectrum. Their intensities obviously increase in theE andE+A 1 mixed-symmetry spectra but decrease in theE spectrum which shows new vibrational modes. In particular, in the transverse-E spectrum of y(xz) $$\bar y$$ geometry, the properties ofE(TO) modes are similar to those of pure LiTaO3 of the same geometry, whereas in the transverse-E spectrum in x(yz) $$\bar x$$ geometry these modes are turned intoA 1 (TO) modes. We attribute these properties to both the surface strain produced by mechanical polishing of the sample and the microstructural change of the LiTaO3 crystal resulting from Nd doping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538411
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman-spectroscopy study of PbTiO3 thin films grown on Si substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 281-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 78.30.Hv; 63.20. ; e; 81.15.Gh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Raman spectra have been investigated in PbTiO3 thin films grown on Si by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. A large grazing-angle scattering technique was taken to measure the temperature dependence of Raman spectra below room temperature. All Raman modes in the thin films are assigned and compared with those in the bulk single crystal, a new A 1(TO) soft mode at 104 cm-1 was recorded which satisfies the Curie-Weiss relation ω2=A(T c−T). Intensities of the A 1(1TO) and E(1TO) modes were anomalously strengthened with increasing temperature. Raman modes for the thin films exhibit remarkable frequency downshift and upshift which is related to the effect of internal stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575095
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman-spectroscopy study of PbTiO3 thin films grown on Si substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 281-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.30.Hv ; 63.20. — e ; 81.15.Gh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Raman spectra have been investigated in PbTiO3 thin films grown on Si by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. A large grazing-angle scattering technique was taken to measure the temperature dependence of Raman spectra below room temperature. All Raman modes in the thin films are assigned and compared with those in the bulk single crystal, a newA 1(TO) soft mode at 104 cm−1 was recorded which satisfies the Curie-Weiss relationω 2 =A(T c −T). Intensities of theA 1(1TO) andE(1TO) modes were anomalously strengthened with increasing temperature. Raman modes for the thin films exhibit remarkable frequency downshift and upshift which is related to the effect of internal stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575095
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defects and voids in He+-implanted Si studied by slow-positron annihilation and transmission electron microscopy (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. 521-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.80; 61.16; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 16  /cm2 He+ implantation were investigated by slow-positron annihilation technique, transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering, and channeling spectroscopy. It was found that small vacancy clusters were induced in the surface region and big clusters (microbubbles) formed around the projected range in which the crystal was heavily damaged by the implantation. The small vacancy clusters in the near-surface region start to disappear at 300 °C and can be removed at temperatures up to 700 °C by dissociation and diffusing to the damaged region. This results in the growth of voids. The severely damaged region around the projected range begins to anneal out at temperatures higher than 600 °C, and He is released, leaving voids embedded inside the crystalline silicon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050707
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of structural transformations in nanophase titanium dioxide by Raman spectroscopy (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. 621-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.46.+w; 78.30.-j; 64.70.K
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2 ) prepared by a colloidal chemistry method. The evolution of the anatase phase upon annealing was characterized by frequency downshift, intensity increase, and linewidth sharpening of the lowest-frequency Eg mode. The rutile phase was shown to be stabilized at temperatures below 350 °C and was postulated to reside in the surface region of the nanophase. The beginning and ending temperatures for the anatase–rutile transformation in the nanophase were found to be lower than those in single crystals or polycrystalline powders. The microscopic mechanism of the phase transformation was analyzed and the surface effect was suggested. An anomalous phenomenon of amorphization was also detected at the end of the anatase–rutile transformation in the nanophase TiO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050723
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