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Competitive interaction among strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli in the nodulation of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1996)

Brown, P. D. ; Ahmad, M. H.

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 7-9

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli ; Kidney bean ; Competitive ability ; Pairwise combination ; Compatibility ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Nodulation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract We examined the competitiveness of five effective Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli strains in the nodulation of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), either alone or in pairwise combination, against the indigenous strains. The results showed that the introduced Rhizobium sp. strains (B2, B17, B36, T2, or CIAT 652) occupying 64–79% of the total nodules (as single inocula) were more competitive in nodulation than the native rhizobia. However, the competitiveness of the individual Rhizobium sp. strain either increased or decreased when used in a pairwise combination of double-strain inocula. For example, strain B17, although quite competitive against the indigenous population (68% nodule occupancy), became poorly competitive in the presence of strain B2 (reduced from 68 to 2.5%). A similar reduction in nodule occupancy by strain B17 was observed in the presence of B36 or CIAT 652, indicating that two competitive strains may not always be compatible. These results suggest that it is important to co-select competitive as well as compatible rhizobia for multistrain inoculant formulation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335986

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2

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Ca2+-activated K+ channels are involved in regulatory volume decrease in acinar cells isolated from the rat lacrimal gland (1994)

Park, K. -P. ; Beck, J. S. ; Douglas, I. J. ; [et al.]

Springer

The journal of membrane biology 141 (1994), S. 193-201

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ISSN: 1432-1424

Keywords: Ca2+-activated K+ channels ; Cell volume ; Regulatory volume decrease ; Tetraethylammonium ; Lacrimal acinar cells

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract The volumes of acinar cells isolated from rat lacrimal gland were measured on computer by video-imaging. Cells were found to swell on exposure to hypotonic solutions; they subsequently exhibited a regulatory volume decrease (RVD). RVD was inhibited in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, and by the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium chloride (2 mm TEA+). The possible involvement of K+ channels in RVD was further investigated in cell-attached patches. Exposing the cells to a hypotonic solution activated channels with a conductance of 141±6 pS (n=11). These channels were partially blocked by 0.5 mm TEA+, and channel activation was not observed in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Experiments in the inside-out patch configuration demonstrated that the channels activated by hypotonie stress were “maxi” Ca2+-activated K+ channels. It is concluded that the opening of these channels plays an important role in RVD, by facilitating K+ loss from the cell.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238253

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3

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Hydrolysis products of glucosinolates in Brassica napus tissues as inhibitors of seed germination (1996)

Brown, P. D. ; Morra, M. J.

Springer

Plant and soil 181 (1996), S. 307-316

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: allelochemicals ; Brassica napus ; germination ; glucosinolates ; isothiocyanates ; rapeseed

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates, a class of compounds found in Brassica species, results in a number of products with potential to inhibit seed germination. To investigate the impact of both volatile and water-soluble allelochemicals, germination bioassays using Lactuca sativa seeds were conducted with root and combined leaf and stem tissues of Brassica napus. Tissues in which glucosinolates were hydrolyzed to remove volatile glucosinolate degradation products were compared with intact tissues and water controls. Only tissues containing glucosinolates produced volatiles that inhibited germination. Volatiles were trapped and identified using GC-MS. Volatiles produced in greater quanitity from intact tissues than from tissues without glucosinolates were almost exclusively glucosinolate hydrolysis products. Water-soluble components also inhibited germination. Chemical analysis of extracts confirmed the presence of glucosinolate hydrolysis products, but indicated the involvement of additional allelochemicals, especially in leaf and stem tissues. Results support the proposal that glucosinolate-containing plant tissues may contribute to reductions in synthetic pesticide use if weed seeds are targeted.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012065

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4

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Inheritance of tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus in oats (1985)

McKenzie, R. I. H. ; Burnett, P. A. ; Gill, C. C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 681-687

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Avena sativa ; oats ; barley yellow dwarf virus ; international screening ; quantitative inheritance ; single seed descent ; Rhopatosiphum padi ; virullferous aphids ; transgressive segregation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Advanced generation random lines from crosses of tolerant x susceptible parents were studied to determine the inheritance of tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in oats Avena sativa L. Clintland 64, a susceptible oat cultivar, was crossed with the BYDV tolerant oat lines Otee, FF64/74, M921 and CI4492. Randomly selected lines were advanced to F5 or F6 by single seed descent and were tested for their reaction to BYDV at Palmerston North, New Zealand and Winnipeg, Manitoba and Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada. The reactions of the lines to BYDV infection from each cross at the three test sites fall into a relatively continuous distribution. Two to four quantitatively inherited genes appear to contribute to the tolerance of the four tolerant oats. At Palmerston North, Clintland 64 expressed some tolerance to the virus. The correlation between the three sites was significant (P=0.01) for all crosses, ranging from 0.36 to 0.69, according to the particular cross considered. This correlation is sufficient to justify more international testing of oats for BYDV tolerance.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035404

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