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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moderately halophilic gram-positive bacterial diversity in hypersaline environments (1998)
    Springer
    Extremophiles 2 (1998), S. 297-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Moderately halophilic bacteria ; Hypersaline environments ; Taxonomy ; Phylogeny ; DNA base composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Moderately halophilic bacteria are microorganisms that grow optimally in media containing 3%–15% (w/v) salt. They are represented by a heterogeneous group of microorganisms included in many different genera. Gram-negative moderately halophilic bacteria have been studied in more detail, but studies on gram-positive species are more scarce. Recent studies carried out by our research group on gram-positive moderate halophiles have permitted clarifying their taxonomic and phylogenetic position and describing new species. Thus, we have isolated six strains from ponds of salterns that show phenotypic and genotypic characteristics similar to those of Nesterenkonia halobia (formerly Micrococcus halobius), a moderately halophilic gram-positive coccus that was described on the basis of a single strain. Our data demonstrate quite clearly that they are members of this species and contribute to a better description of these moderately halophilic cocci. Similarly, a study of a large number of gram-positive moderately halophilic rods that were able to produce endospores led us to describe a new species, designated Bacillus salexigens. Further, isolates grouped in other three phenons, obtained by numerical taxonomy analysis and showing phenotypic features quite similar to those of this species, represent different genomovars, with very low DNA-DNA homology. Although they might represent additional new species, it will be necessary to determine new phenotypic features to differentiate them from previously described Bacillus species. We have also studied the viability of some old enrichments provided by B.E. Volcani, which were set up in 1936. We isolated 31 gram-positive motile endospore-forming rods that, according to their phenotypic characteristics, could represent a new species of the genus Bacillus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007920050072
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Halomonas magadii sp. nov., a new member of the genus Halomonas, isolated from a soda lake of the East African Rift Valley (2000)
    Springer
    Extremophiles 4 (2000), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key wordsHalomonas magadii sp. nov. ; Alkaliphile ; Soda lake ; 16S rDNA ; Phylogeny ; Halomonad taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A number of novel alkaliphilic organotrophic bacteria have been isolated from several saline and alkaline East African soda lakes. The new isolates grow at pH values between 7.0 and 11.0, with pH optima for growth between 9.0 and 10.0. Growth occurs at total salts concentration between 0% and 20% (w/v) with optimum at 0%–7% (w/v). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA sequence comparison indicate that these isolates are related (〉96% similarity) to members of the Halomonadaceae within the γ-3 subdivision of the Proteobacteria. These analyses indicate that existing species within the Halomonadaceae fell within three main groups, one group comprising the type species of Halomonas, Halomonas elongata, and a number of other known species including one soda lake isolate. A second group constituting most of the remaining known species of Halomonas and related Chromohalobacter spp. includes 3 soda lake isolates with high DNA–DNA homologies. The third group included Halomonas halodenitrificans, Halomonas desiderata, Halomonas cupida, and 13 soda lake isolates. Phenotypic comparisons indicated that the majority of soda lake strains shared similar morphological, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic properties to known strains of Halomonas but grew under alkaline conditions. The 3 soda lake isolates with high DNA–DNA homologies were, however, significantly different in antibiotic sensitivity pattern and in the utilization of several substrates, were unable to reduce nitrite, and showed low DNA–DNA homologies with known halomonads in the same group. We propose that these isolates comprise a new species of the genus Halomonas that we name Halomonas magadii sp. nov. The type strain is strain 21 MI (NCIMB 13595).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007920050007
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) levels in the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps (1998)
    Springer
    Polar biology 20 (1998), S. 404-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During the 1994/1995 Antarctic summer 20 Antarctic cod (Notothenia coriiceps) of both sexes were collected at King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, to determine the levels of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in muscle, liver, gonad and kidney. Metal levels were assessed using the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) technique. The levels of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu observed in both sexes of N. coriiceps were significantly lower in muscle tissue than in liver, kidney and gonad; the livers of males and gonads of females had the highest levels. The differences between the sexes were significant for Zn and Mn in gonads and for Cu in liver. Despite the modest size-range of the specimens, the Cu levels in liver, muscle and kidney were significantly inversely correlated with female mass (P 〈 0.05) as was gonad Cu level and male body length. Fe mainly presented the highest concentrations and Cu and Mn the lowest ones. Mean muscle metal levels are similar to those of hake, cod, herring and mackerel; however, the level of Fe was slightly higher. Accumulation may occur for Fe, Zn and Mn in liver, kidney and gonad, which have higher levels than those of most prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050321
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer from mothers to pups and mass recovery by mothers during the post-breeding foraging period in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at King George Island (1997)
    Springer
    Polar biology 18 (1997), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mass transfer from mother to pup during the lactation period, and mass recovery for the same females during the foraging period were measured in the southern elephant seal at King George Island, Antarctica. During the 19.2 ± 0.9-day lactation period measured (which represented 87% of the entire nursing), females lost a mean mass of 10.56 ± 1.76 kg/day (n = 27), while their pups gained a mean mass of 5.27 ± 1.1 kg/day. There was a correlation between daily body weight gain in pups and daily weight loss by their mothers. Pup weaning mass was positively related to maternal post-partum mass. Serial samples showed that weight losses by females and gains by their pups were not linear over lactation, but showed lower values at the beginning and at the end of lactation. During the 60.5 ± 6.2-day foraging phase between the end of lactation and molt, females gained 2.21 ± 0.65 kg/day (n = 12), or 54% of the mass lost during nursing. Growth rates reported here are higher than those reported in other breeding sites. However, the ratio of body mass loss by females to gain by their pups was similar, suggesting that higher growth rates and greater weaning mass at South Shetland are due to a higher mean weight of females on arrival at this breeding site. The foraging period was shorter and the mass gained greater than those measured at South Georgia; this could be related to relatively shorter distances to foraging areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050192
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina: composition of milk during lactation (1994)
    Springer
    Polar biology 14 (1994), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of milk constituents during various stages of lactation in the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina was carried out. Forty-six milk samples were taken from 30 females throughout lactation during 1985, 1987, 1990 and 1991 on Stranger Point, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Total nitrogen (TN), non-protein nitrogen (NPN), sugar, fat, ash and water were measured, and from some of these data true protein and energy content were calculated. The results showed a high degree of variation in water and fat concentrations among samples at different stages of lactation. During the first 20 days the fat content of milk increased from about 12 to approximately 52%, while water content fell from 70 to 33%. The composition of milk changes rapidly during the first days post-partum. Protein, minerals and sugar appear to remain stable after the fourth day of lactation. Milk samples contain significant levels of sugars; thin layer chromatography indicates the presence of lactose and glucose together with other unidentified components. There is evidence of a striking change in composition of the milk in the later part of lactation; the progressive increase in the fat:water ratio is abruptly reversed just prior to weaning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240270
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy gain and loss during lactation and postweaning in southern elephant seal pups (Mirounga leonina) at King George Island (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Deuterium-labeled water was used to measure changes in the proximate body composition during the lactation period and after weaning in southern elephant seal pups at King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. During the lactation period (23.0 ± 1.4 days) pups gained a mean of 4.9 ± 0.5 kg/day (n=7). Of the total mass gain (112 ± 8 kg), 38% was water, 48% was fat, and 11% was protein. This represented an increase in total body gross energy of 2437 ± 145 MJ. The proportion of body mass represented by fat was less than 2% at birth, increasing to 35 ± 2% at weaning. We followed the pups during a mean period of 36 ± 3 days after weaning. During this period, pups had a mean loss of 1.21 ± 0.10 kg/day (n=7) comprising 39% water, 48% fat, and 12% protein. The energy cost over this period was 952 ± 168 MJ, which represented, on average, 39% of the total energy gained during the suckling period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050465
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metals in the hair of opossum from Palo Verde, Costa Rica (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1994), S. 472-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and manganese were measured in the hair of opossum (Didelphis virginiana) from Palo Verde, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. This area has some agriculture, but is slated for extensive water development that will increase ecosystem exposure to a variety of agricultural chemicals. Metal levels were generally not inter-correlated except for chromium and lead, chromium and cadmium, and cadmium and lead. There were significant gender differences only for lead and chromium, with the significantly smaller females having higher levels. It is suggested that hair from mammals, particularly abundant ominivores may be useful, bioindicators of environmental quality over a long time period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214838
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On agonistic behaviour among workers of the Ponerine antEctatomma ruidum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1987)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 34 (1987), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les ouvrières reconnaissent leur territoire grâce aux odeurs mais ne semblent pas utiliser une phéromone spécifique pour le marquage de celui-ci. La durée de ces signaux odorants n'excède pas deux heures. Les phénomènes de reconnaissance territoriale semblent être aussi sous la dépendance d'autres signaux qui ne sont pas localisés sur le substrat. La reconnaissance entre membres d'une colonie est assurée par des substances chimiques volatiles produites par la tête et le gastre, probablement des phéromones d'alarme. La cuticule de cadavres lyophilisés peut réabsorber ces composés. Une hypothèse évolutive est proposée, pour laquelle la reconnaissance du congénère utiliserait des signaux, simplifiés pendant la pylogénèse, et se confondant avec des phéromones d'alarme. Parallèlement, les phéromones de reconnaissance territoriale seraient devenues la clé du comportement agonistique.
    Notes: Summary Workers recognize their territory by odours but do not seem to use a specific pheromone for marking it. Odours signals on the territory last less than 2 hours. Other cues, not located on the substrate, seem also to be involed in territorial recognition. Nestmate recognition is achieved by volatile chemical signals produced in the head and gaster, the same as the alarm pheromones. Freeze dried ant bodies reabsorb these chemicals on the cuticle. An evolutionary hypothesis is proposed in which the nestmate recognition signals are simplified during phylogenetic development and fused with alarm pheromones. Parallel to this development, territorial recognition pheromones emerge as important components of agonistic behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223827
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) II. Studies of milk protein fractions by gel electrophoresis (1996)
    Springer
    Polar biology 16 (1996), S. 241-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Milk protein fractions during various stages of lactation in the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina were analysed. Twelve milk samples were taken from ten females throughout the lactation period during 1990 and 1991 at Stranger Point, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Milk samples were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Samples from different days of lactation gave similar qualitative electrophoretic patterns. True protein content was significantly higher (P〈0.05) at the beginning of lactation, and then remained constant until weaning. Caseins and whey proteins each consisted of several protein entities (four and five distinct bands respectively). Casein constituted only about 30% of the protein nitrogen, the remaining 70% being derived from whey proteins. There was some variation in concentration of casein and whey proteins as a function of time (P〈0.0.5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050050
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass changes during their annual cycle in females of southern elephant seals at King George Island (1999)
    Springer
    Polar biology 21 (1999), S. 234-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mass changes in female southern elephant seals, sampled sequentially at different points through their annual cycle, were measured at King George Island, South Shetland Islands, during the 1995/1996 and 1996/1997 field seasons. Females weighed after they had given birth showed an increase of 37 ± 36 kg (mean ± SD), which represented 6.2 ± 6.4% in relation to their mass in the first breeding season. During the first aquatic phase, between the end of lactation and the beginning of moult, females gained a mean of 128 ± 35 kg, (n = 18) (2.19 ± 0.65 kg day−1), which represented between 27 and 83% of the mass they had lost during lactation. Nine females followed during moulting showed a mass loss rate of 5.0 ± 0.4 kg day−1, which was half the rate during lactation. Total mass loss during moulting (129 ± 22 kg) was not significantly different from mass gain for the same females between lactation and moult (135 ± 37 kg). Furthermore, at the end of moulting, female mass was not significantly different from the mass at the end of lactation. These masses represented 65 ± 5% and 64 ± 5%, respectively, of their initial mass after parturition. During the second period at sea, from the end of the moult until females hauled out to give birth in the following breeding season, the estimated mass gain was 1.45 ± 0.24 kg day−1 (n = 5), which was not significantly different to the rate of mass gain shown by the same females during the first period at sea (2.26 ± 0.70 kg day−1). Total mass gain during the second aquatic phase (364 ± 63 kg) was not correlated with the mass at the end of moulting, but it was positively related to the mass loss experienced by females from parturition until the end of the moulting period in the first breeding season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050358
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