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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Life Cycle Assessment as a tool for environmental management (1999)
    Springer
    Clean products and processes 1 (1999), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-722X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract  This paper illustrates, using data from test cases, how Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) may be used to enhance environmental management, particularly when used in conjunction with Environmental Management Systems. There are a number of areas where LCA can be helpful: in the identification of significant environmental effects; in the quantification of those effects; in the assessment of year-to-year changes in environmental performance and in the assessment of the environmental benefits (or disadvantages) arising from changes (actual or planned) in operating conditions, equipment, procedures, raw materials or products. There are some issues which cannot (at present) be adequately assessed using LCA and these are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100980050013
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimizing life-cycle costs of gun propellant selection through model-based decision making: a case study in environmental screening and performance testing (2000)
    Springer
    Clean products and processes 2 (2000), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-722X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract  The work presented here demonstrates the first phases of a newly-proposed gun propellant formulation process that will minimize life-cycle costs through science-based design. This new approach to gun propellant formulation proposes maximal use of modeling and simulation in the earliest phases of the developmental cycle to screen candidate formulations, resulting in the elimination of probable poor performers and the identification of the most promising candidates for further study and testing. The screening and identification of promising candidate formulations is demonstrated in the study presented here under the assumption of a specific weapon platform and user requirements. The process of selecting a propellant for the assumed gun system application has been distilled into a series of measurable steps leading from a set of candidate materials, through logical and numerical filters, to a shorter list of energetic materials demonstrated as viable choices for the weapon platform. Environmental filtering and performance modeling are used to screen propellants through a well-defined sequence of tests designed to weed out materials that do not meet standards in terms of safety, energy, or manufacturability. Because much of the testing is performed by computer modeling, the gun systems and energetic materials need not be present (nor even existent) in order to be described and matched against performance requirements for future applications. The calculations presented here demonstrate that utilizing computer models in the early developmental stages of the formulation process rather than physical testing produces enormous savings in labor, material, and environmental costs, along with a tremendous reduction in the time required to select a "best candidate" propellant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100980050050
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved criteria for the recognition of atherosclerotic plaque using fluorescence spectroscopy (1991)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 6 (1991), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Laser angioplasty ; Coronary artery disease ; Nitrogen laser ; Tissue fluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract To determine the fluorescence pattern for distinguishing normal (N) from calcified and fibrous plaque (P), fluorescence spectra of cadaveric aorta were measured with a spectrofluorometer. Emission (Em) and excitation (Ex) spectra corrected for instrumental response were obtained from 200 to 1000 nm. Specimens from 50 patients were measured less than 24 h after autopsy and then examined histologically. Spectra from 25 specimens demonstrated that the ratio of fluorescence intensity 460 nm/385 nm with Ex=337 nm provided separation of N from P (1.53±29 vs 0.82±0.25,p〈0.01) and that a ratio of 1.25 correctly identified all N and P. A prospective test of this ratio on an additional 25 specimens yielded a significant difference between N and P (1.70±0.37 vs 0.87±0.23,p〈0.0001) with a value of 1.25 correctly identifying all (10/10) N and 93% (14/15) P. Prospective analysis of previously proposed fluorescence ratios (600 nm/580 nm at Ex=480 nm; 530 nm/550 nm at Ex=459 nm; 448 nm/514 nm and 538 nm/514 nm at Ex=337 nm) all resulted in poor separation of N from P. The ratio of 460 nm/385 nm with Ex=337 nm is superior to previously reported criteria for distinguishing N from P and may be useful for guiding laser angioplasty systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032541
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consumer demand for meat and the evaluation of agricultural policy (1985)
    Springer
    Empirical economics 10 (1985), S. 65-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This study utilizes an econometric model of equilibrium in the U.S. livestock and feedgrain markets to investigate a number of questions of economic methodology and policy. Both nonlinear consumer demand equations that obey the constraints of neoclassical demand theory and a model of supply are used. This approach allows for the measurement of the effects on consumer welfare of actual government policies. In particular, the model is employed to analyze the welfare effects of an actual policy situation — the sale of U.S. grain to the Soviet Union in the third quarter of 1972.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01973542
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction mechanism for208Pb(3He,p)210Bi (1981)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 302 (1981), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The double-stripping (3He,p) reaction has been studied on a target of208Pb at 40.8 MeV. Data for the lowest multiplet ofπ h 9/2−v g 9/2 states are compared to a one-step DWBA prediction, a two step sequential single stripping prediction and to a coherent sum of these mechanisms. The two-step mechanism is shown to be much less important than the single step excitation, but its proper inclusion does provide an important improvement to the magnitudes of the predictions. To within a factor of two these calculations account for the magnitudes of the data for final states of spins 0− through 8−.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01425104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical conductance time constants for freely decaying arcs (1973)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 264 (1973), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Electrical conductance time constants for the early stages of free decay after current modulation have been calculated from experimental measurements on a 5 mm diameter cascade arc at atmospheric pressure. The time constants were found by measuring the electric field response of the asymptotic portion of the arc column immediately after a sudden step decrease of arc current. The electric field strength was monitored by means of the copper cooling disks of the cascade, whose probe characteristics were studied thoroughly. The initial high current was supplied by a capacitor discharge circuit which was inductively compensated to produce a square wave pulse of ∼ 2 msec duration. Time constants for initial decay were measured in both argon and nitrogen for initial currents ranging from 100 to 400 amperes. The initial free decay time constants of nitrogen were found to increase weakly from approximately 25 to 35 usec over the initial current range considered. The time constants of argon decreased from approximately 100 to 60 Μsec over the same initial current range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01392412
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-lying excited states of106Ag studied with the103Rh (α,nγ)106Ag and104Pd (α,pnγ)106Ag Reactions (1980)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 294 (1980), S. 353-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The level scheme of106Ag has been studied using the103Rh(α,nγ)106Ag and104Pd(α,pnγ)106Ag Reactions. The experimental information is taken fromγ-ray coincidence data using Ge(Li)-Ge(Li) and HPGe-planar Ge(Li) configurations andγ-ray angular distributions. With these measurements 126 γ rays have been assigned to106Ag with 116 deexciting 78 states below 2.26 MeV in excitation. The location of the 8.4-day 6+ isomer is established at 89.63±0.09 keV. Many of the low-lying states are interpreted in terms of a slightly deformed rotor model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01434144
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescing valvular nerves in the guinea-pig heart (1971)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 27 (1971), S. 1063-1064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Des plexus fluorescents de nerfs dans les valvules du cœur du Cobaye sont décrits. Bien que du tissu musculaire et des nerfs cholinergiques fussent présents dans les valvules atrioventriculaires, les nerfs adrénergiques de la valvule pulmonaire ne se rapportaient qu'au tissu connectif fibreux. Puisque dans cette situation il n'y a pas d'emplacement effecteur évident ou que ces nerfs influencement des nerfs dont la présence n'est pas révélée par des techniques de cholinesterase ou qu'ils sont de caractère afférent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02138880
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine in monkey pineal gland (1970)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 756-757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Verteilung von aus 5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan entstandenem Serotonin in der Zirbeldrüse von Affen wird beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232529
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersive O+ conics observed in the plasma-sheet boundary layer with CRRES/LOMICS during a magnetic storm (1996)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 14 (1996), S. 593-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present initial results from the Low-energy magnetospheric ion composition sensor (LOMICS) on the Combined release and radiation effects satellite (CRRES) together with electron, magnetic field, and electric field wave data. LOMICS measures all important magnetospheric ion species (H+, He++, He+, O++, O+) simultaneously in the energy range 60 eV to 45 keV, as well as their pitch-angle distributions, within the time resolution afforded by the spacecraft spin period of 30 s. During the geomagnetic storm of 9 July 1991, over a period of 42 min (0734 UT to 0816 UT) the LOMICS ion mass spectrometer observed an apparent O+ conic flowing away from the southern hemisphere with a bulk velocity that decreased exponentially with time from 300 km/s to 50 km/s, while its temperature also decreased exponentially from 700 to 5 eV. At the onset of the O+ conic, intense low-frequency electromagnetic wave activity and strong pitch-angle scattering were also observed. At the time of the observations the CRRES spacecraft was inbound at L\approx7.5 near dusk, magnetic local time (MLT), and at a magnetic latitude of -23°. Our analysis using several CRRES instruments suggests that the spacecraft was skimming along the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) when the upward-flowing ion conic arrived. The conic appears to have evolved in time, both slowing and cooling, due to wave-particle interactions. We are unable to conclude whether the conic was causally associated with spatial structures of the PSBL or the central plasma sheet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0593-6
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