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  • mass spectrometry  (1)
  • synthesis  (1)
  • Springer  (2)
  • Springer Nature
  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Configuration by13C-NMR ; 1,2-Oxaphospholan-3-ols ; synthesis ; equilibration ; Retro-Abramov reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Diastereomere 3,4-dimethyl-2-methoxy-1,2-oxaphospholan-3-ol-2-oxide wurden über die Cyclisierungsreaktion von Phosphit3 erhalten und ihre relativen Konfigurationen mit13C-NMR-Spektren bestätigt.2 a und2 b sowie eine 3 : 2-Mischung von2 b und2 d geben unter Gleichgewichtsbedingungen mit Natriummethoxid in Methanol eine Mischung von2 a–d. Der Mechanismus dieser Äquilibrierung schließt die Spaltung der P-C3-Bindung (Retro-Abramov-Reaktion) und die Epimerisierung des chiralen P-Anions5 und/oder die Spaltung der P-O1-Bindung ein. Die Verhältnisse der Diastereomeren2 a–d, berechnet im Gleichgewichtszustand sowie aus der Cyclisationsreaktion von3, wurden mittels thermodynamischer und kinetischer Bevorzugung interpretiert.
    Notes: Abstract Diastereomeric 3,4-dimethyl-2-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2-oxaphospholan-3-ols (2 a–d) were obtained by the cyclisation of the phosphite3 and their relative configurations were established by13C-NMR spectra. Equilibrations of pure2 a and2 b as well as a 3 : 2 mixture of2 b and2 d with sodium methoxide in methanol afforded a mixture of2 a–d. The mechanism of the equilibration involves the P-C3 bond cleavage (retro-Abramov reaction), and the epimerization of the chiral P-anion5 and/or the P-O1 bond scission. The ratios of diastereomers2 a–d obtained in equilibration and from the cyclisation of3 were interpreted in terms of the thermodynamic and kinetic preferences.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: human growth hormone ; protease ; mass spectrometry ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The present studies were designed to provide structural characterization of peptide metabolites of biosynthetic human growth hormone (hGH) formed by rat thyroid gland proteases in vitro. Electro-spray ionization mass/spectrometry (ESI-MS) and N-terminal sequencing were used to characterize the peptide metabolites. The predominant enzyme in the thyroid gland preparations was a chymotrypsin-like serine protease which was biochemically similar to rat mast cell protease-I. Metabolic intermediates were formed by cleavage of hGH exclusively at Tyr/Phe/Leu-Xaa bonds. After a 5- or 45-min incubation of hGH with thyroid gland S9 pellet fraction, the majority of metabolites formed were two-chain variants of hGH having masses ranging from 16,002 to 22,143 Da. These metabolites were formed as a result of proteolysis in the large disulfide loop region of hGH in combination with processing at Tyr42–Ser43. Based upon the time-related appearance and structural characterization of these intermediates, a sequence of metabolic events is proposed. The initial event appears to be cleavage by the chymotrypsin-like protease between Tyr143–Ser144 to form a two-chain hGH. This intermediate is then cleaved between Tyr42–Ser43, liberating the N-terminal peptide, Phe1–Tyr42. Two other metabolites were generated as a result of the deletion of the peptides Lys140–Tyr143 and Ser144–Phe146 from the large loop region. The identification of similar metabolites truncated by a single amino acid at the carboxyl terminus indicated the action of a carboxypeptidase on these metabolic products. After a 4.5-hr incubation, the protease isolated from the S9 pellet fraction degraded hGH to 〉20 small peptides, having masses ≤2300 Da. The data illustrate the utility of combining ESI-MS and N-terminal sequencing in the study of protein metabolism and the enzymatic pathways involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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