Publication Date:
2024-03-15
Description:
The effects and interactive effects of different nitrogen (N) sources (ammonium, nitrate, and urea) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations were investigated on Alexandrium tamarense, a harmful marine dinoflagellate, by measuring its growth (μ), extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA), and its toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. The μ and CA were influenced more strongly by CO2 concentrations rather than by N sources; significant effects of CO2 on μ and CA were observed under low CO2 concentration (LC) conditions compared to high CO2 concentration (HC) conditions. The ammonium and nitrate media under LC conditions had the maximum μ and CA, which was inhibited under HC conditions. The embryotoxic effects were influenced more strongly by the N sources than by CO2 concentrations, thus excluding the lower deformation in urea under HC conditions. Moreover, the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT) were detected in normal (untreated) zebrafish embryos, and among them, the level of SOD was the highest. In summary, this study provides a clear insight for understanding the effects and interactive effects of N sources and CO2 concentrations on the growth and toxicity of harmful dinoflagellates.
Keywords:
Alexandrium tamarense; Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Behaviour; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Cell density; Cell density, standard deviation; Chromista; Coagulation rate; Coagulation rate, standard deviation; Danio rerio; Deformation rate; Deformation rate, standard deviation; Experiment duration; Extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity, per cell; Extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity, standard deviation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard deviation; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Macro-nutrients; Movement rate; Movement rate , standard deviation; Nekton; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other metabolic rates; Other studied parameter or process; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Percentage; Percentage, standard deviation; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phytoplankton; Registration number of species; Retardation rate; Retardation rate, standard deviation; Salinity; Single species; Species; Species interaction; Temperature, water; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 3696 data points
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