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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 1826-1829 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 1315-1321 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Since very high purity is sometimes required for health-related (and other) products, it is useful to reexamine the common thermodynamic relations that describe the chemical potential of a solute at very high dilution. Because Stirling's approximation is not valid for small numbers, the usual thermodynamic relations must be reformulated for small systems, i.e., for a solute in a small bubble or drop. A simplistic analysis indicates that in a small bubble or drop, the chemical potential of a solute goes to a finite value as the mole fraction of solute goes to zero, in contrast to the conventional result, where that chemical potential goes to negative infinity. This simplistic analysis has profound implications for separation science; it implies that (in theory) ultrapurity may be attained by conventional diffusional methods. While serious objections can be raised to invalidate the simplistic analysis, it may nevertheless be useful for chemical engineers to consider separation methods using highly dispersed systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 857-866 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Longitudinal liquid mixing in fluidized and fixed beds was studied using sinusoidal and pulse response techniques. The tracer used was light emissive fluorescein dye. A systematical study of liquid phase dispersion by varying particle size, fluid velocity, fraction voids, and particle density was conducted. A generalized correlation applicable to both fixed bed and fluidized bed was obtained. The application of the correlation in predicting the effect of the dispersion on reactor performance was discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1273-1278 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of physical aging on dynamic mechanical and transient stress-relaxation properties of a high performance thermoplastic, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), are reported in this study. The aging effects are shown to be physical effects (and not chemical degradation) by establishing thermoreversibility of the aging process. The unique aspect of the present study is the simultaneous investigation of both dynamic and transient properties in the same mode of loading, namely, in shear. The influence of continuous dynamic deformation on the aging process is also reported. The results for the aging rate, obtained from dynamic and transient testing under shear load, agree with one another and verify the equivalence of dynamic and transient viscoelastic properties. However, these results differ significantly from the aging rate results reported in an earlier study for tensile loading. A possible explanation for the difference has been proposed in terms of the volume change that accompanies tensile creep deformation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 172-181 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The standard spiral flow test is normally used to assess the “moldability” of thermosetting materials. It is proposed that such tests can be modified and analyzed to yield rheological information as from a viscometer. Specifically, a “parameter-identification” scheme is developed to determine the constants in a viscosity model by minimizing the difference between the outcome of spiral flow tests and the results of numerical simulations of these tests. The proposed scheme is particularly applicable to fast-reacting thermosets for which typical viscometers cannot be used. Successful application of the scheme is demonstrated for a particular encapsulating epoxy material, where constants are obtained for a modified WLF equation viscosity model. These constants are used to predict the outcome of spiral flow experiments not involved in the minimization procedure. A favorable comparison between experiment and simulation occurs at most operating conditions. The method requires no elaborate equipment or delicate instrumentation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 19 (1979), S. 114-117 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An analytical, numerical and experimental program is described which establishes the basic fracture mechanics properties of an adhesive joint. A finite element analysis of a homogeneous finite tapered double cantilever beam is first presented and the results compared with elasticity and strength of materials solutions. Using analytical results developed in another paper, a finite bond line thickness correction factor is introduced to determine the crack tip stress intensity factor as a function of crack length. An experimental program is described wherein the crack tip stress intensity factor for the cantilever beam adhesive joint is measured by the compliance method and the results compared with those obtained by analytical and numerical methods. Finally, the critical value of the adhesive crack tip stress intensity factor is determined using the analytical and experimental techniques presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 20-26 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical and experimental investigation is presented for filling thin cavities of variable gap thickness. The modeling is based upon a finite-element/finite-difference formulation for an inelastic power-law fluid and includes the effects of viscous heating and conduction upon the flow dynamics. Extensive results are presented for polypropylene and polystyrene melts injected into two variable-gap-thickness cavities, of which one has an insert. Good agreement is found between the predictions and measurements concerning the shape of the advancing melt front, the location of weld lines, and the temporal pressure trace at various positions in the cavity.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 214-224 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It is of importance to estimate the pressure drop of polymeric materials in a converging die with an abrupt change in geometry for many polymer processes. In the present study, experiments have been conducted with an extruder and conical dies of four different converging angles for two different polymeric melts under various processing conditions. As part of the analysis, numerical calculations have been carried out using a finite element method (FEM) for a power-law fluid model, A simple formula for estimating pressure drops has also been derived based on a power-law fluid model with normal-stress effects incorporated. In particular, the formula with the normal-stress term excluded underpredicts pressure drops systematically at high flow rates, giving very similar results to those by the FEM calculation. When the normal-stress term is included, the formula is in bettor agreement with the experimental data, confirming that the normal stress effect is important at high flow rates. Other formulae in the literature have been also compared with the present experimental data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A method has been developed for studying the distribution of fillers and reinforcement in polymer composites by energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX). Conventional methods for such studies are based on the morphological examination of the contrast in the micrographs, which indicates the presence and distribution of reinforcement in a matrix. However, in case of hybrid composites, where two or more fillers of similar morphology are present, the conventional methods fail. The approach described here overcomes this limitation and provides a new semiquantitative method of identification of fillers in composites, especially those containing two or more fillers of similar morphology.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 7 (1986), S. 42-49 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Polypropylene composite samples with concentrations of mica of 10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, and 60 wt percent were prepared under identical conditions by injection molding. The influence of mica concentration on the structure and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated using a polarizing microscope, scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, and stress-strain characteristics. Flexural and impact strengths show an initial rise and then gradual fall with increasing mica concentration. An optimum of these properties occurred at ∼20 wt percent mica. Tensile modulus and heat distortion temperature show a continuous rise; whereas the percent elongation decreased with mica content. These changes in properties are discussed in terms of a skin-core morphology, transcrystallinity, crystallinity, fracture surface morphology, flake orientation, and interfacial adhesion in these composites. This study helps in optimizing the mica concentration for injection molded composites.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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