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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectrum Analysis of the Reflected Waves Observed in the Nikko Region, Central Japan (1997)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 150 (1997), S. 37-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Spectrum analysis, magma, Vp/Vs ratio.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The Nikko region, in northern Kanto, central Japan, which is a high seismicity region, is located near the volcanic front. Many seismic observations have been carried out around the Nikko region because the seismograms of the shallow earthquakes occurring in this region show an S-wave reflected phase (SxS) and an S-to-P mode-converted and reflected phase (SxP) from a mid-crustal seismic velocity discontinuity. The depth of the mid-crustal reflector was estimated to be about 9–16 km. From the amplitude analyses of SxS and SxP phases, the material of the mid-crustal layer just beneath the reflector was expected to be a low rigidity layer, which was interpreted as partially molten rocks. No evidence has been shown for the internal properties of the material of the reflector. The Vp/Vs ratio is a good measure to distinguish between the two candidates for seismic reflectors; i.e., partially molten rocks and rocks containing water. We investigate the Vp/Vs ratio of the reflector using the spectrum analyses of the data observed by a seismic array. From spectrum analysis of the data, we indicate that the Vp/Vs ratio of 2.5 is better than that of 1.8 to explain the observed data, which shows that the material beneath the reflector consists of partially molten rocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050062
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal Zinc Accumulation Is Correlated with Increased Growth in Rice Suspension Culture (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 16 (1997), S. 239-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Keywords: Key Words. Amino acid—Auxin—Oryza sativa—Rice—Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A high zinc concentration of 520 μm, approximately 100 times that used most often in standard plant tissue culture media, was found to be superior in liquid callus cultures of japonica rice, increasing growth to 146% compared with standard N6 medium. At the same time, the internal zinc concentration increased 40 times in fast growing cells; soluble protein doubled, and free amino acids decreased. Under zinc-free conditions the cultures slowed in growth, and several free amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, and glutamine accumulated. We suggest that zinc acts as a direct regulatory factor in inducing auxin activity, but not auxin levels, making high internal zinc accumulation mandatory if high auxin concentrations are required as in rice callus cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007003
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of solute hydrophobicity by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography using aqueous binary mobile phases (1990)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 29 (1990), S. 275-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Hydrophobic parameter ; Capacity factor variation ; Organic modifier concentration ; Displacement model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The dependence of the capacity factor (k′) on the concentration of the organic modifier (D) in the aqueous binary mobile phase in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has been investigated to evaluate the hydrophobicity of the solute molecule. The r-values, defined as the slope of log k′ vs. log(1/D) plots, were measured for various solutes and related to the non-polar surface area and the partition coefficients. The r-value was found to be a good indication of solute hydrophobicity. Detailed investigation of the results allowed to consider statistically the molecular posture of the solute adsorbed onto the stationary alkyl ligand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02317918
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  • 4
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    Study of ship turning in irregular waves (2019)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-14
    Print ISSN: 0948-4280
    Electronic ISSN: 1437-8213
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
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    Effect of bilge keels on maneuverability of a fine ship (2017)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-14
    Print ISSN: 0948-4280
    Electronic ISSN: 1437-8213
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
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    Time-dependent earthquake probability calculations for southern Kanto after the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-11
    Description: Seismicity in southern Kanto activated with the 2011 March 11 Tohoku earthquake of magnitude M 9.0, but does this cause a significant difference in the probability of more earthquakes at the present or in the To? future answer this question, we examine the effect of a change in the seismicity rate on the probability of earthquakes. Our data set is from the Japan Meteorological Agency earthquake catalogue, downloaded on 2012 May 30. Our approach is based on time-dependent earthquake probabilistic calculations, often used for aftershock hazard assessment, and are based on two statistical laws: the Gutenberg–Richter (GR) frequency–magnitude law and the Omori–Utsu (OU) aftershock-decay law. We first confirm that the seismicity following a quake of M 4 or larger is well modelled by the GR law with b  ~ 1. Then, there is good agreement with the OU law with p  ~ 0.5, which indicates that the slow decay was notably significant. Based on these results, we then calculate the most probable estimates of future M 6–7-class events for various periods, all with a starting date of 2012 May 30. The estimates are higher than pre-quake levels if we consider a period of 3-yr duration or shorter. However, for statistics-based forecasting such as this, errors that arise from parameter estimation must be considered. Taking into account the contribution of these errors to the probability calculations, we conclude that any increase in the probability of earthquakes is insignificant. Although we try to avoid overstating the change in probability, our observations combined with results from previous studies support the likelihood that afterslip (fault creep) in southern Kanto will slowly relax a stress step caused by the Tohoku earthquake. This afterslip in turn reminds us of the potential for stress redistribution to the surrounding regions. We note the importance of varying hazards not only in time but also in space to improve the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for southern Kanto.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 7
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    Beyond basin resonance: characterizing wave propagation using a dense array and the ambient seismic field (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-03
    Description: Seismic wave resonance in sedimentary basins is a well-recognized seismic hazard; however, concentrated areas of earthquake damage have been observed near basin edges, where wave propagation is particularly complex and difficult to understand with sparse observations. The Tokyo metropolitan area is densely populated, subject to strong shaking from a diversity of earthquake sources, and sits atop the deep Kanto sedimentary basin. It is also instrumented with two seismic arrays: the dense MEtropolitan Seismic Observation network (MeSO-net) within the basin, and the High sensitivity seismograph network (Hi-net) surrounding it. In this study, we explore the 3-D seismic wavefield within and throughout the Kanto basin, including near and across basin boundaries, using cross-correlations of all components of ambient seismic field between the stations of these two arrays. Dense observations allow us to observe clearly the propagation of three modes of both Rayleigh and Love waves. They also show how the wavefield behaves in the vicinity of sharp basin edges with reflected/converted waves and excitation of higher modes.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 8
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    Correlation between Coulomb stress imparted by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and seismicity rate change in Kanto, Japan (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Description: We studied the seismicity rate increase in the Kanto region around Tokyo following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake ( M w 9.0) to examine whether this increase was correlated with the static increases in the Coulomb failure function (CFF) of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake sequence. Because earthquakes in the Kanto region exhibit various focal mechanisms, the receiver faults for the CFF were assumed to be the focal mechanism solutions for nearly 19 000 earthquakes that previously occurred. Our results showed that the number of earthquakes for which the mechanism solutions had a positive CFF (~12 000) is much larger than those that had a negative CFF (~2000). Comparison of the CFF values for earthquakes before and after the Tohoku-Oki earthquake showed that the latter had more positive values; this supports the hypothesis that the coseismic stress change transferred from the Tohoku-Oki earthquake sequence is the major contributing factor to the increased seismicity rate in the Kanto region.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 9
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    Evaluation of solute hydrophobicity by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography using aqueous binary mobile phases (1990)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0009-5893
    Electronic ISSN: 1612-1112
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Seismic wavefield imaging based on the replica exchange Monte Carlo method (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-04
    Description: Earthquakes sometimes cause serious disasters not only directly by ground motion itself but also secondarily by infrastructure damage, particularly in densely populated urban areas that have capital functions. To reduce the number and severity of secondary disasters, it is important to evaluate seismic hazards rapidly by analysing the seismic responses of individual structures to input ground motions. We propose a method that integrates physics-based and data-driven approaches in order to obtain a seismic wavefield for use as input to a seismic response analysis. The new contribution of this study is the use of the replica exchange Monte Carlo (REMC) method, which is one of the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, for estimation of a seismic wavefield, together with a 1-D local subsurface structure and source information. Numerical tests were conducted to verify the proposed method, using synthetic observation data obtained from analytical solutions for two horizontally layered subsurface structure models. The geometries of the observation sites were determined from the dense seismic observation array called the Metropolitan Seismic Observation network, which has been in operation in the Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan since 2007. The results of the numerical tests show that the proposed method is able to search the parameters related to the source and the local subsurface structure in a broader parameter space than the Metropolis method, which is an ordinary MCMC method. The proposed method successfully reproduces a seismic wavefield consistent with a true wavefield. In contrast, ordinary kriging, which is a classical data-driven interpolation method for spatial data, is hardly able to reproduce a true wavefield, even in the low frequency bands. This suggests that it is essential to employ both physics-based and data-driven approaches in seismic wavefield imaging, utilizing seismograms from a dense seismic array. The REMC method, which provides not only optimum estimates of model parameters but also their uncertainties without become trapped in local maxima, is a powerful method for the stochastic estimation of seismic wavefields.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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