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  • Column liquid chromatography  (184)
  • nitrogen  (108)
  • Springer  (292)
  • Oxford University Press
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  • Springer  (292)
  • Oxford University Press
  • Elsevier  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model to predict transformations and losses of nitrogen in UK pastures grazed by beef cattle (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 132 (1991), S. 165-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ammonia volatilization ; denitrification ; grazing ; model ; nitrate leaching ; nitrogen ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The model simulates the cycling of N in grassland systems grazed by beef cattle and predicts the annual amount of N in liveweight gain, and the amounts lost through ammonia volatilization, denitrification and leaching, on the basis of fertilizer application and soil and site characteristics. It aims to provide a better understanding of the way in which these various factors interact in their influence on N transformations. The model has been programmed to run on IBM-compatible personal computers and responds rapidly to changes in input parameters. The model has been constructed from the average annual amounts of N passing through various components of the N cycle in ten field systems grazed by beef cattle. The amounts were either measured directly or were calculated from empirical sub-models, assuming a balance between inputs to, and outputs from the soil inorganic N pool. The model is given wide applicability through the inclusion of a mineralization sub-model which is sensitive to soil texture, sward age, previous cropping history, and climatic zone. Another important sub-model determines the partitioning of soil inorganic N to either plant uptake or the processes of loss: the proportion partitioned to plant uptake decreases as the total amount of soil inorganic N increases. Outputs from the model indicate that fertilizer N has a strong influence on ammonia volatilization, denitrification and leaching at a given site but that, over a range of sites with a given rate of fertilizer N, total loss and the proportions lost by the three processes are greatly influenced by the amount of N mineralized by the soil. The model indicates how fertilizer N should be matched with mineralization to limit gaseous and leaching losses and to achieve optimum efficiency of N use in grazing systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010397
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of an organic eluent modifier and pH on the separation of wheat-storage proteins: Application to the purification of γ-gliadins ofTriticum monococcum L (1989)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 28 (1989), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Wheat proteins ; γ-gliadins ; Effect of pH on separation ; Effect of organic modifier on separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Reversed-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography has been used to separate similar protein (γ-gliadin) components from 70% ethanol extracts of endosperm flour from two different accessions of the diploid wheatTriticum monococcum L. The effect of acetonitrile as the organic eluent was compared to acetonitrile: 2-propanol (3:1) at two different pH's. Conditions for maximum resolution of the γ-gliadin components were found to be at pH 7.2 with acetonitrile: 2-propanol (3:1) as the eluent. These conditions allowed the components to be obtained in sufficient purity for further charaterization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02319634
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a universal Raman detector for microchromatography (1997)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 44 (1997), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Microchromatography ; Raman spectroscopy ; Deuterated solvents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A detector for microchromatography in which Raman spectroscopy is used to identify the eluted species has been developed. The detector is designed to be applicable to a wide range of compounds without requiring the presence of a chromophore. Its use is illustrated in the analysis of nitro compounds on a 250 μm i.d. column. Raman spectra of each of the compounds could be identified as they passed the detector. The advatages of the use of fully deuterated solvents are demonstrated by the analysis of nitrobenzenes in methanol/water mobile phases. The detection limit for nitrobenzene using the Raman line at 1342 cm−1 was 75ng.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02466391
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of Septic Effluent for Fecal Coliform and Nitrogen in Coarse-textured Soils: Use of Soil-only and Sand Filter Systems (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 124 (2000), S. 205-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: on-site treatment ; fecal coliform bacteria ; nitrate leaching ; nitrogen ; on-site treatment ; septic effluent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Groundwater effluent sample collectors(zero-tension lysimeters) were installed directlybelow the drainfields of three residential onsitetreatment systems in the Clover/Chambers Creek aquiferregion of Pierce County near Tacoma, WA. The use of asplit effluent delivery system from the septic tank,where half the effluent was delivered under pressureto a normal native soil-only filter system and halfwas delivered to a sand filter system, allowed thedirect comparison of the two commonly-utilized septicsystems for treatment levels. Septic tank effluent(from the septic tank) and percolating water (between0.3 and 0.9 m beneath the effluent distributionlines) was collected between May 1991 and April 1994on 30 occasions. Samples were analyzed for fecalcoliform bacteria, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium andtotal reduced (Kjeldahl) nitrogen. Results of thisstudy indicate that the use of sand filters greatlyincreased removal of fecal coliform bacteria and totalnitrogen. Soil-only filter systems had an average of91% removal of fecal coliforms and 47%of total N; whereas sand filter systems had an averageof 99.8% removal of fecal coliforms and 80% of total N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005298932244
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring nitrogen pollution from sugarcane runoff using15N analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 98 (1997), S. 389-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: fertilizer ; nitrogen ; pollution ; runoff ; stable isotopes ; sugarcane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In many forested wetlands of Louisiana, surface water quality is being deteriorated by nutrient input from adjacent agricultural production area. This field study assesses the input of fertilizer N, applied to sugarcane fields, to forested wetlands. The potential use of natural abundance variations in15N/14N ratios for identification and tracing surface water N sources (NH 4 + - and NO 3 − -N) was evaluated. Runoff and surface water samples were collected from sugarcane fields and bordering forested wetlands (6 stations) over a 16 month period and analyzed for NH 4 + -N, NO 3 − -N, and associated NH 4 + -δ 15N and NO 3 − -δ 15N ratios. FertilizerN draining into adjacent forested wetland was estimated to be only a small fraction of the amount applied. Concentrations of NH 4 + - and NO 3 − -N in the collected water samples were low and ranged from 0.02 to 1.79 mg L−1. Isotopic analysis revealed NH 4 + -δ 15N and NO 3 − -δ 15N means were distinctive and may have the potential to be used as tracers of N contamination. The mean NH 4 + -δ 15N value was +18.6±7.1‰ and the NO 3 − -δ 15N mean was +8.3±3.1‰. Anomalously high NO 3 − -δ 15N values (〉30‰) were attributed to denitrification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047046
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A particle size distribution analysis of used HPLC column packing material (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 35 (1993), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Used column packings ; Particle size distribution ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Column age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Particle size distribution analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out on eight used HPLC columns containing either irregular silica based, spherical silica based or spherical polymer based packing material. Particle size distributions of the used irregular silica based columns were at least bimodat at the outlet ends and either biomodal or log-normal at the inlet ends with regular progressions between the two extremes through the column. A new ODS-3 column showed log-normal size distributions from the inlet to the outlet ends. Spherical silica based column particle size distributions showed distinct shoulders on large central distribution peaks in most column sections with various degrees of shoulder erosion. The spherical resin based column showed a broader inlet particle size distribution progressing to a very narrow outlet distribution. SEMs of both irregular and spherical silica based columns revealed a larger number of undersized particles and debris at the outlet than inlet ends which could have resulted from stationary phase degradation, since this was not seen in the new ODS-3 column. While several SEMs of the spherical silica based columns revealed hollow spheres and twins, the spherical resin based column packing showed stress fractures or wrinkle lines resulting from use or dehydration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277513
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic matter and nitrogen in the unharvested fractions of grass swards in relation to the potential for nitrate leaching after ploughing (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 123 (1990), S. 39-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: grassland ; leaching ; leaf litter ; macro-organic matter ; mineralization ; nitrogen ; ploughing ; roots ; stubble
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The amounts of organic matter in the stubble, litter, root and soil macro-organic matter fractions of two swards of perennial ryegrass that had received normal applications of either fertilizer or cattle urine were, on average for the four fractions, about 3000, 500, 11,500 and 8,800 kg ha−1. The swards had been established 8 or 15 years previously and each was sampled at intervals over a period of about one year. The amounts of N contained in the four fractions were, on average, 68, 12, 249 and 240 kg ha−1, a total of 569 kg N ha−1. With other swards, increasing rates of application of fertilizer N were found to have little effect on the amounts of organic matter in stubble and roots. Concentrations of N in the organic matter of the stubble and roots, however, increased significantly with increasing rate of fertilizer application, though, with stubble, moderate rates of application had little effect. Assessments based on these data, together with other published information, indicate that the amount of N mineralized from the combined stubble, litter, root and macro-organic matter fractions during the first year after ploughing may range from about 40 kg to at least 360 kg N ha−1 depending on the age of the sward and its recent management. The amount mineralized is likely to increase with age of sward, with increasing rate of fertilizer N and with utilisation by grazing rather than cutting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009924
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inoculation of fumigated nursery soil increases nodulation and yield of bare-root red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) (1991)
    Springer
    New forests 5 (1991), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: actinorhizae ; fertilization ; Frankia ; nitrogen ; nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To determine if inoculation increases nodulation and yield of bare-root red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.), fumigated nursery plots were treated with inoculum and ammonium sulfate (28 kg N ha−1) in a factorial experiment. Inoculum was alder soil with 100 infective units of Frankia g−1. Seedlings were evaluated for nodulation at age 10 wk and when lifted, at age 9 mo. Inoculation produced earlier and more extensive nodulation and increased seedling root collar diameter, height, and dry weight. Fertilization decreased seedling height, but did not decrease nodulation. No interaction of fertilization with inoculation was found. Inoculated unfertilized plots had the highest yield of packable seedlings (257 m−2), and uninoculated fertilized seedlings had the lowest yield (126 m−2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037549
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fate of NH4NO3 added toSphagnum magettanicum carpets at five European mire sites (1999)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 45 (1999), S. 73-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: atmospheric deposition ; moss ; bog ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; water table
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen additions as NH4NO3 corresponding to 0 (N0), 1 (N1), 3 (N3) and 10 (N10) g N m−2 yr−1 were made toSphagnum magellanicurn cores at two-week intervalsin situ at four sites across Europe, i.e. Lakkasuo (Finland). Männikjärve (Estonia), Moidach More (UK) and Côte de Braveix (France). The same treatments were applied in a glasshouse experiment in Neuchâtel (Switzerland) in which the water table depth was artificially maintained at 7, 17 and 37 cm below the moss surface. In the field, N assimilation in excess of values in wet deposition occurred in the absence of growth, but varied widely between sites, being absent in Lakkasuo (moss N∶P ratio 68) and greatest in Moidach More (N∶P 21). In the glasshouse, growth was reduced by lowering the water table without any apparent effect on N assimilation. Total N content of the moss in field sites increased as the mean depth of water table increased indicating growth limitation leading to increased N concentrations which could reduce the capacity for N retention. Greater contents of NH4 + in the underlying peat at 30 cm depth, both in response to NH4NO3 addition and in the unamended cores confirmed poor retention of inorganic N by the moss at Lakkasuo. Nitrate contents in the profiles at Lakkasuo, Moidach More, and Côte de Braveix were extremely low, even in the N10 treatment, but in Männikjärve, where the mean depth of water table was greatest and retention absent, appreciable amounts of NO3 − were detected in all cores. It is concluded that peatland drainage would reduce the capture of inorganic N in atmospheric deposition bySphagnum mosses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992874
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effectiveness and competitiveness of some Indonesian Rhizobium strains on tropical legumes grown in four soil types of Java (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 117 (1989), S. 146-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: bacteria ; legume growth ; nitrogen ; nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Several Indonesian and some imported Rhizobium strains were assessed for their effectiveness in nodulating four legume species in four soil types of Java. Naturally occurring Rhizobia formed effective symbioses onVigna unguiculata, Macroptilium atropurpureum andDesmodium heterocarpon in all four soils and the applied strains, with some exceptions, did not infect a majority of nodules of these legumes.Centrosema pubescens was more specific in its Rhizobia requirements and applied strains formed effective symbioses in two clay soils, but not in two sandy loam soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02206268
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