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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computing functions on asynchronous anonymous networks (1996)
    Springer
    Theory of computing systems 29 (1996), S. 331-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0490
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In an “anonymous” network the processors have no identity numbers. We investigate the problem of computing a given functionf on an asynchronous anonymous network in the sense that each processor computesf(I) for any inputI = (I(v 1),...,I(v n )), whereI(v i) is the input to processorv i ,i = 1, 2,...,n. We address the following three questions: (1) What functions are computable on a given network? (2) Is there a “universal” algorithm which, given any networkG and any functionf computable onG as inputs, computesf onG? (3) How can one find lower bounds on the message complexity of computing various functions on anonymous networks? We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a function to be computable on an asynchronous anonymous network, and present a universal algorithm for computingf(I) on any networkG, which acceptsG andf computable onG, as well as {I(v i )}, as inputs. The universal algorithm requiresO(mn) messages in the worst case, wheren andm are the numbers of processors and links in the network, respectively. We also propose a method for deriving a lower bound on the number of messages necessary to solve the above problem on asynchronous anonymous networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01192691
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction and expression of the Streptomyces cholesterol oxidase gene (ChoA), a potent insecticidal protein active against boll weevil larvae, into tobacco cells (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  We succeeded expressing the streptomyces cholesterol oxidase gene (choA), a potent insecticidal protein active against boll weevil larvae, in tobacco cells. A plasmid, pBC4, containing the choA gene under the control of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus, was introduced into tobacco cells (BY-2) using a pneumatic particle gun. Stable integration of the choA gene in the genome of the transformed callus line was confirmed by Southern hybridization analysis. Northern blot analysis revealed material corresponding in size to the choA transcript in the transformed cells. Cholesterol oxidase activity in transformed callus was about eightfold higher than that in control cell line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050531
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction and expression of the Streptomyces cholesterol oxidase gene (ChoA), a potent insecticidal protein active against boll weevil larvae, into tobacco cells (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract We succeeded expressing the streptomyces cholesterol oxidase gene (choA), a potent insecticidal protein active against boll weevil larvae, in tobacco cells. A plasmid, pBC4, containing the choA gene under the control of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus, was introduced into tobacco cells (BY-2) using a pneumatic particle gun. Stable integration of the choA gene in the genome of the transformed callus line was confirmed by Southern hybridization analysis. Northern blot analysis revealed material corresponding in size to the choA transcript in the transformed cells. Cholesterol oxidase activity in transformed callus was about eightfold higher than that in control cell line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164492
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Propionibacterium freudenreichii hemYHBXRL gene cluster, which encodes enzymes and a regulator involved in the biosynthetic pathway from glutamate to protoheme (1997)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 47 (1997), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A clone that can complement both Escherichia coli hemB and hemL mutations was found among plasmids containing the Propionibacterium freudenreichii hemB gene, which encodes δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. The regions upstream and downstream of the hemB gene were sequenced. Two open-reading frames (ORF1 and -2), which were similar to the hemY gene encoding protoporphyrinogen oxidase and the hemH gene encoding ferrochelatase from Bacillus subtilis, were found upstream of the hemB gene. ORF1 and -2 complemented the E. coli hemG mutation, defective in protoporphyrinogen oxidase, and the hemH gene respectively. Since ORF1 had no homology to hemG, the gene was designated hemY. The hemYHB genes appeared to be within the same transcription unit. Downstream from the hemB gene, three open-reading frames were found. One of these, transcribed in the same direction as the hemB gene, was identical to be the hemL gene, which encodes glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase. The other two open-reading frames, located between the hemYHB and hemL genes, were transcribed divergently, and their deduced amino acid sequences showed similarities to a membrane-bound transport protein and a transcriptional regulatory protein respectively. The two genes may thus be involved in hem transport and the regulation of hem gene expression respectively, and were tentatively named hemX and hemR. Although hemX and hemL are unlikely to be part of the same operon, hemYHBXRL␣are clustered on the P. freudenreichii chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050945
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular design of novel metal-binding oligomeric human metallothioneins (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 84-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Genes for dimeric and tetrameric human metallothionein (hMT) were designed and successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli to generate functional oligomeric hMTs. An hMT synthesized with prokaryotic codons, a linker encoding a gly-gly-gly tripeptide, and Met-deficient hMT-II was ligated to create a dimeric hMT, from which a tetrameric hMT was then constructed. The increased molecular size of the constructs resulted in improved stability and productivity in E. coli. The oligomeric proteins formed inclusion bodies which were dissolved with dithiothreitol, and the purified apo-metallothioneins were reconstituted with Cd or Zn ions in a reducing condition. The oligomeric hMT proteins incubated with Cd ions showed a typical Cd-thiolate absorbance peak at 245–255 nm. The dimeric and tetrameric hMT proteins exhibited both Cd and Zn binding activities that were respectively two and four times higher than those of the hMT-II monomer protein. These novel oligomeric hMTs may be useful in bioremediation for heavy metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000360
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient photocurrent and charge-transfer excitation bands in a tin-phthalocyanine (SnPc) polycrystalline film (1997)
    Springer
    Applied physics 65 (1997), S. 425-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 72.40.+w; 72.80.Le
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050603
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Mos/MAPK pathway is involved in metaphase II arrest as a cytostatic factor but is neither necessary nor sufficient for initiating oocyte maturation in goldfish (2000)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 416-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Cytostatic factor ; MAP kinase ; Mos ; Maturation-promoting factor ; Oocyte maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Mos plays a crucial role in meiotic cell division in vertebrates. In Xenopus, Mos is involved in the initiation of oocyte maturation as an initiator and in the arrest at the metaphase II stage (MII) as a component of the cytostatic factor (CSF). The function of Mos is mediated by MAP kinase (MAPK). We investigated the function of the Mos/MAPK pathway during goldfish oocyte maturation induced by 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20β-DP), a natural maturation-inducing hormone in fishes. Mos was absent in immature goldfish oocytes. It appeared before the onset of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), increased to a maximum in mature oocytes arrested at MII and disappeared after fertilization. MAPK was activated after Mos synthesis but before maturation-promoting factor (MPF) activation, and its activity reached maximum at MII. Injection of either Xenopus or goldfish c-mos mRNA into one blastomere of 2-cell-stage Xenopus and goldfish embryos induced metaphase arrest, suggesting that goldfish Mos has a CSF activity. Injection of constitutively active Xenopus c-mos mRNA into immature goldfish oocytes induced MAPK activation, but neither MPF activation nor GVBD occurred. Conversely, the injection of goldfish c-mos antisense RNA inhibited both Mos synthesis and MAPK activation in the 17α,20β-DP-treated oocytes, but these oocytes underwent GVBD. These results indicate that the Mos/MAPK pathway is not essential for initiating goldfish oocyte maturation despite its general function as a CSF. We discuss the general role of Mos/MAPK during oocyte maturation, with reference to the difference in contents of inactive MPF (pre-MPF) stored in immature oocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270000083
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variants of protease inhibitors against fungal protease and α-chymotrypsin from hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (1984)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 22 (1984), S. 1093-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: protease inhibitors ; fungal protease ; chymotrypsin ; genetic variants ; silkworm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Many electrophoretic variants of hemolymph inhibitors of proteases from Aspergillus mellus and pancreatic α-chymotrypsin were found using 126 silkworm strains. Six inhibitors of the fungal protease were detected and eight of chymotryspin; the distribution of inhibitors among Japanese, Chinese, and European races was investigated. Comparison of electrophoretic patterns from F1 hybrids and parents showed that the offspring produce inhibitors of both parental types. Segregation in F2 and backcrossing suggest that the expression of each inhibitor is controlled in most cases by a pair of alleles which are responsible for strong and null bands. Two bands of fungal protease inhibitors C and D were controlled by codominant alleles. These results suggest that polymorphism of hemolymph protease inhibitors in the silkworm would be a useful experimental system for the study of the genetic control of protease inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499634
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue growth threshold of small cracks (1981)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 17 (1981), S. 519-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On analyse d'une manière théorique et d'une manière expérimentale les effets de la taille du grain et de la longueur d'une fissure sur la condition critique de croissance par fatigue de petites fissures. Le modèle théorique est basé sur l'hypothèse que la condition critique est déterminée par la condition suivant laquelle une bande de glissement à l'extrémité de la fissure bloquée par une limite de grain se propage dans un grain adjacent ou non. En comparant le modèle analytique avec des essais sur de l'acier doux, on a trouvé que la contrainte critique estimée pour la limite de fatigue dans le cas d'éprouvettes sans entaille fournissait la composante effective de la contrainte appliquée. Lorsque la contrainte critique ramenée à la limite de fatigue d'éprouvettes sans entaille a été corrélée avec la longueur de fissure correspondante ramenée à une certaine longueur de fissure, la relation théorique a été trouvée en bon accord avec des données expérimentales. D'une analyse complémentaire des données publiées dans le cas de matériaux divers, on a trouvé que la relation théorique standard donnait une limite inférieure des valeurs critiques de la contrainte et du facteur d'intensité des contraintes. Une déviation par rapport à la relation théorique a été trouvée dans le cas de matériaux durs; cette déviation est expliquée par une extension du modèle, en considérant que des métaux durs comportent des défauts initiaux inhérent à la structure même dans le cas d'éprouvettes sans entaille.
    Notes: Abstract The effects of grain size and crack length on the threshold condition of fatigue growth of small cracks are analysed both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical model is based on the assumption that the threshold condition is determined by whether the crack-tip slip band blocked by the grain boundary propagates into an adjacent grain or not. By comparing the model analysis with the experiments of mild steel, it was found that the threshold stress estimated from the fatigue limit of the smooth specimen gave the effective components of the applied stress. When the threshold stress normalized by the fatigue limit of the smooth specimen was correlated to the crack length normalized by a certain crack length, the theoretical relation was found to agree well with the experimental data. From a further analysis of the published data of various materials, the theoretical normalized relation was found to give a lower bound of the threshold values of the stress and the stress intensity factor. A deviation from the theoretical relation seen in the cases of hard metals was explained through an extension of the model by regarding that hard metals contained initial, inherent flaws even in the smooth specimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033345
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of mRNAs in response to acclimation of trout cells to different osmolalities (2000)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 22 (2000), S. 255-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: CHD3 ; cell culture ; complement ; differential mRNA display polymerase chain reaction ; growth ; nucleolin ; protein kinase ; rainbow trout ; RTG-2 cell ; salinity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The direct effect of osmolality on growth and mRNA population were investigated in the rainbow trout cell line (RTG-2). These cells can grow in the media of osmolalities ranging from 200 to 600 mosmol kg-1. With two-dimensional electrophoresis, the in vitro translation of poly(A+) RNA isolated from these cells showed osmoresponsive changes in the population of translatable mRNAs. Using differential mRNA display polymerase chain reaction, however, we identified inducible cDNA products in hyper-osmotic and hypo-osmotic media as third component of complement, and as homologues of known genes: an atypical protein kinase regulated by the thyrotropin-dependent mitogenic pathway, nucleolin and CHD3. The remaining cDNAs have no significant homology in GenBank. Northern blots demonstrate that their mRNA levels were induced in hyper-osmotic and hypo-osmotic media, but not by other stresses. The expressed proteins of these mRNAs may be involved directly or indirectly in the adaptation of RTG-2 cells to different osmolalities probably through the osmotic signal transduction and adjustment in cellular metabolism to osmotic stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007843508043
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