ALBERT

Description: Despite great progress in identifying genetic variants that influence human disease, most inherited risk remains unexplained. A more complete understanding requires genome-wide studies that fully examine less common alleles in populations with a wide range of ancestry. To inform the design and interpretation of such studies, we genotyped 1.6 million common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1,184 reference individuals from 11 global populations, and sequenced ten 100-kilobase regions in 692 of these individuals. This integrated data set of common and rare alleles, called 'HapMap 3', includes both SNPs and copy number polymorphisms (CNPs). We characterized population-specific differences among low-frequency variants, measured the improvement in imputation accuracy afforded by the larger reference panel, especially in imputing SNPs with a minor allele frequency of 〈or=5%, and demonstrated the feasibility of imputing newly discovered CNPs and SNPs. This expanded public resource of genome variants in global populations supports deeper interrogation of genomic variation and its role in human disease, and serves as a step towards a high-resolution map of the landscape of human genetic variation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3173859/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3173859/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉International HapMap 3 Consortium -- Altshuler, David M -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Peltonen, Leena -- Dermitzakis, Emmanouil -- Schaffner, Stephen F -- Yu, Fuli -- Bonnen, Penelope E -- de Bakker, Paul I W -- Deloukas, Panos -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Gwilliam, Rhian -- Hunt, Sarah -- Inouye, Michael -- Jia, Xiaoming -- Palotie, Aarno -- Parkin, Melissa -- Whittaker, Pamela -- Chang, Kyle -- Hawes, Alicia -- Lewis, Lora R -- Ren, Yanru -- Wheeler, David -- Muzny, Donna Marie -- Barnes, Chris -- Darvishi, Katayoon -- Hurles, Matthew -- Korn, Joshua M -- Kristiansson, Kati -- Lee, Charles -- McCarrol, Steven A -- Nemesh, James -- Keinan, Alon -- Montgomery, Stephen B -- Pollack, Samuela -- Price, Alkes L -- Soranzo, Nicole -- Gonzaga-Jauregui, Claudia -- Anttila, Verneri -- Brodeur, Wendy -- Daly, Mark J -- Leslie, Stephen -- McVean, Gil -- Moutsianas, Loukas -- Nguyen, Huy -- Zhang, Qingrun -- Ghori, Mohammed J R -- McGinnis, Ralph -- McLaren, William -- Takeuchi, Fumihiko -- Grossman, Sharon R -- Shlyakhter, Ilya -- Hostetter, Elizabeth B -- Sabeti, Pardis C -- Adebamowo, Clement A -- Foster, Morris W -- Gordon, Deborah R -- Licinio, Julio -- Manca, Maria Cristina -- Marshall, Patricia A -- Matsuda, Ichiro -- Ngare, Duncan -- Wang, Vivian Ota -- Reddy, Deepa -- Rotimi, Charles N -- Royal, Charmaine D -- Sharp, Richard R -- Zeng, Changqing -- Brooks, Lisa D -- McEwen, Jean E -- 068545/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 068545/Z/02/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 076113/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077011/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077014/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 082371/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 089061/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 089062/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 091746/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0000934/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P30 DK043351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 2;467(7311):52-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09298.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. altshuler@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20811451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉