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  • Chemical Engineering  (2,047)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (398)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (2,445)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non equilibrium annealing behavior of poly(vinyl acetate) (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 930-935 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The water absorbed by poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc, at 23°C was found in two states. The first, which can account for up to 4 weight percent, was bound to the polymer. The second was in a freezable or clustered form. The latter type of water had no effect on PVAc's glass temperature, whereas, the former kind plasticized Tg. In annealing studies, the enthalpic and dielectric response of PVAc when held at a fixed temperature increment, ΔT, below Tg, was observed to be independent of the amount of bound water. The time dependence of the shift in the dielectric relaxation spectrum and the recovery of the enthalpy towards its equilibrium value as PVAc approached its equilibrium glassy state from a lower temperature as compared to a higher temperature was initially slower. This delayed response to expansion was of the order of the polymer's average relaxation time at the lower temperature. A model was proposed to explain this asymmetric behavior based upon changes in the polymer's free volume as well as its occupied volume.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211410
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability and compatibility of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with an oxidizer and pyrotechnic blend (1986)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 1469-1477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a relatively new high temperature engineering thermoplastic. The stability of neat and fiberglass reinforced PEEK towards air, KClO4, and TiH1.65/KClO4 blend was studied by the surface sensitive technique of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and bulk technique of thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Both of these examinations revealed no oxidation in the presence of air or KClO4 at temperatures of 60 or 120°C. In addition, no reduction of PEEK was observed in the presence of a reducing agent such as TiH1.65. The TG results also showed no air oxidation between 120 and 500°C.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760262102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arylmethyl sulfones: A new class of photoacid generators (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1476-1480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The X-ray and deep UV radiation response is described for resist systems consisting of poly(4-tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene-co-sulfur dioxide) PTBSS combined with an arylmethyl sulfone. A 2:1 4-tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene (TBS): sulfur dioxide (SO2) resist has been found to function as a highly sensitive, 1.4 nm X-ray, single-component, chemically amplified resist. The same resist, however, exhibits reduced sensitivity to 0.8 nm X-rays and deep UV (248 nm) radiation. Improvement in 0.8 nm X-ray sensitivity is achieved by the addition of 12 mol% bis(3,4-dichlorobenzyl) sulfone (DCBS) to the 2:1 TBS:SO2 resist. For this two-component resist formulation, the 0.8 nm X-ray sensitive improved from 〉375 to 125 mJ/cm2. Similarly, the sensitivity of the 3:1 TBS:SO2 copolymer to deep UV radiation improves to 40 mJ/cm2 with addition of 10 mol% DCBS. Sulfones, such as DCBS, provide two-component resist formulations capable of 〈0.5 μm resolution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760322006
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silane treated alumina trihydrate: A new formulating tool for flame retardant polyester fiber reinforced plasticsPresented at the 32nd Annual Conference Reinforced Plastics/Composites Institute The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc, Washington, D.C. (1977). (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The high strength to weight ratio of glass reinforced plastics (FRF) combined with their fabrication flexibility has led to increasing use in new applications that no other materials could satisfy. FRF often replaces metals in traditional applications. Increasingly stringent flammability requirements have led to the use of alumina trihydrate filler, usually in combination with halogenated rosins. However, difficulties in compounding and fabrication often limit, the alumina trihydrate loading. This requires substantial increments of halogenated resin to meet specific flammability restrictions. In such composites, the price of the compound may be too high for a given application and one must often compromise substantially on both processing and physical property performance. Alumina trihydrate filled systems commonly suffer from poor glass fiber wet out and mold flow, with reduced strength and uniformity in fabricated parts. This paper describes how a unique silane pretreatment for alumina trihydrate permits bulk molding compound (BMC)/sheet molding compound (SMC) formulations to be developed with increased loadings of the filler, reduced filler wet out time, and improvements in glass dispersion, mold flow out, strength and uniformity of the composite. The paper also shows how the halogenated resin content of flame retarded systems may be minimized by the use of this silane treated alumina trihydrate.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760180204
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleate boiling site activation by vapor injection (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1229-1230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310724
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology and structure of liquid crystalline alkylenearomatic polyesters (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 889-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rheological, thermodynamic and structural properties of two liquid crystalline polyesters - poly(oxyfumaroyloxy- 1,4-phenylene carbonyloxyalkyleneoxycarbonyl- 1,4-phenylene)s with six and ten methylene groups (PES-6 and PES- 10, respectively) and a statistical copolyester (co-PES) have been investigated. It has been shown that they all form a smectic LC-phase. The change from homopolyesters to co-PE S expands the temperature range of the LC-state. The high sensitivity of the structure to the prehistory in the melt state is typical for such copolymers. Prolonged heating leads to rearrangement of the co-PES crystalline structure and a drastic increase in viscosity. The orientation of these polymers during flow was investigated. It was shown that a high level of molecular orientation of the smectic layers, perpendicular to the direction of flow, was realized at high shear stresses. In the melt region, the existence of a metastable network with junctions of crystalline nature hinders the flow of the homo- and copolyesters. The structure of the unit cell of the crystallites depends on the composition and thermal history.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331404
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fiber rearrangements during the molding of continuous fiber composites. I. Flat cloth to a hemisphere (1981)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 2 (1981), S. 126-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The goal of this series of reports is to develop rapid computational procedures for determining the rearrangement of fibers that occurs during the molding of continuous fiber composite components for flat layups. This report considers the shaping of a cloth into a hemisphere. /the numerical procedure developed predicts that a cloth can be shaped into a hemisphere without wrinkling. This prediction is compared with experiment, and various paramenters connected with the shaping calculation are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750020309
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fireproofing of polymers with derivatives of phosphines and with halogen-phosphorus compounds (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chemical structures limited to phosphines and their derivatives, including phosphine oxides, phosphonium salts and halogen-phosphorus compounds useful for fireproofing are discussed. In addition to these P-C bond containing compounds, structures containing P-O-C bonds are mentioned only if they are directly formed from halophosphorus substances. The general approaches to fireproofing are described. They include physical changes, unreactive additives, reactive comonomers, substitution of other functional groups and addition to a preformed polymer. Much of the literature is reviewed and the commercial importance of certain methods for both cloth and plastics are indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760040111
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential dissolution and electron-beam lithographic sensitivity of poly(methyl methacrylate) (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 414-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Photolithographic and electron-beam integrated circuit fabrication techniques rely heavily upon differences in polymer resist dissolution (development) rates to produce circuit patterns. We have applied the wide-line NMR, technique, augmented by dynamic nuclear polarization, to the measurement of polymer dissolution rates of poly(methyl methacrylate), (PMMA). At high gamma-ray exposures, we find PMMA to have dissolution rates from 2X to 1000X those of unirradiated material. The highest radiation-enhanced dissolution rates are obtained with carbon tetrachloride-based developer solutions, whereas generally lower enhanced rates are observed with 1:3 acetone or methylethylketone/isopropanol standard developer. E-beam line exposures are developed in PMMA and poly(ethyl methacrylate), PEMA, resists using similar developers for comparison. Using straight CCl4 as a developer, e-beam lines 1-2 μ wide were developed in 3800 Å thick PEMA resist at 1 × 10-5 C/cm2 with ≤200 Å loss in unexposed resist thickness. The higher differential dissolution with CCl4, a poorer solvent for unirradiated PMMA than acetone or MEK, is explained by decline in polarity of PMMA by radiationinduced decarboxylation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170617
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and dynamic mechanical spectra of crystalline copolymers of ethylene and acenaphthylene (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 507-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In a previous paper, results of morphological studies using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were reported concerning random and non-random olefin copolymers of ethylene. As comonomers, relatively low concentrations of n-alpha alkenes and 5-methyl norbornene-2 were used. It was tentatively concluded that one possibility for morphological changes observed in the n-alpha alkene copolymers was a change in direction of chain folding. These studies have been continued with copolymers of ethylene and acenaphthylene. The intent was to pursue effects of vicinal substitution; however, the result was to produce ethylene copolymers of quite high comonomer content which were crystalline and showed no evidence of an independent beta mechanical transition. Further, definite evidence was found to indicate a change in the direction of chain folding in the polymer crystals.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760160707
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