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  • Chemistry  (789)
  • Organic Chemistry  (260)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 101 (1968), S. 2215-2223 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese arylierter aromatischer Nitroverbindungen aus Pyryliumsalzen und Nitromethan wird auf Aryl-carboxy-pyryliumsalze übertragen, die zu diesem Zwecke synthetisiert werden. Es entstehen arylierte Nitrobenzoesäuren, die auch durch Oxydation von [4-Methoxy-phenyl]-aryl-nitrobenzolen erhalten werden. Die Konstitution der von Vorländer aus 2.4.6-Triphenyl-nitrobenzol erhaltenen Diphenyl-nitrobenzoesäuren und Phenyl-nitrobenzol-dicarbonsäuren wird durch die neuen Synthesen richtiggestellt. Durch Decarboxylieren erhält man Phenyl- bzw. Diphenyl-nitrobenzole in großer Reinheit. Die Synthesen eignen sich für die Darstellung isotop markierter Benzol-Derivate.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 3302-3318 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pyrazolo[3.4-c]carbazoles from 1.4-Cyclohexanedione Bis(phenylhydrazone)The products of the reaction of 1.4-cyclohexanedione bis(phenylhydrazone) in 70perc. methanol or ethanol/n)H2SO4 are, in addition to 2 and 3, Maynly 3-aminocarbazole (4) (with a little of the corresponding sec. amine 30) and the tetrahydro-pyrazolo[3.4-c]carbazoles 10 or 11, respectively. These latter compounds arise by condensation of the hypothetical 3-phenylhydrazonocarbazole 7 with formaldehyde or acetaldehyde formed by concomitant dehydrogenation of the solvent (phenylhydraziniumion as oxidant). Addition of these aldehydes to the reaction mixture raises the yields of 10 and 11 considerably. Benzaldehyde correspondingly gives rise to the formation of 12.10-12 can be dehydrogenated (16,17) and can undergo oxidation as well as degradation with ring opening (ketolactams 19-22, carboxylic acids 23 and 27, ketoester 24, lactone 25). - Permanganate in acetone transforms 11 to the dimer 28 with one pyrazole ring opened. - The spectra of the aforementioned compounds together with the Nuclear Overhauser Effect permit a decision in favor of an angular rather than a linear junction of the pyrazole and carbazole systems.
    Notes: Cyclohexandion-(1.4)-bis-phenylhydrazon (1) reagiert in 70proz. Methanol oder Äthanol/ nH2SO4 außer zu 2 und 3 zu 3-Amino-carbazol (4) und wenig sek. Amin 30 sowie zu den Tetrahydro-pyrazolo[3.4-c]carbazolen 10 bzw. 11. Diese entstehen durch Kondensation des hypothetischen 3-Phenylhydrazono-carbazols 7 mit dem aus dem Lösungsmittel durch Dehydrierung (Phenylhydrazin-Kation) gebildeten Form- und Acetaldehyd. Zusatz dieser Aldehyde zum Reaktionsgemisch erhöht die Ausbeute an 10 und 11. Benzaldehyd liefert analog 12. - 10-12 lassen sich dehydrieren (16, 17) und unter Ringspaltung oxydieren sowie abbauen (Ketolactame 19-22, Carbonsäuren 23 und 27, Ketoester 24, Lacton 25). Permanganat in Aceton führt 11 unter NN-Verknüpfung in das Dimere 28 mit geöffnetem Pyrazolring über. -Die Spektren der vorgenannten Verbindungen erlauben zusammen mit dem Nuclear-Overhauser-Effekt, zu Gunsten einer angulären statt linearen Verknüpfung von Pyrazol- und Carbazol-System zu entscheiden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Fragmentation Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds with Electronegative substituents in the β-Position, XXVI. Reactions of 1-(Tosyloxymethyl)- and 1-(Trifluoromethylsulfonyloxymethyl)bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one with NucleophilesThe bicyclic ketotosylate 8 and the triflate 9 were synthesized starting from the ketoester 3. 8 and 9 react with methanolic NaOH, potassium tert-butoxide, NaNH2, NaC≡CH, and CH3Li with fragmentation to yield the 5-methylenecyclooctane derivatives 14-20. Whereas direct substitution of 8 occurs only with cyanide ions in DMSO to 10, neopentyl substitution of the triflate 9 is also possible with acetate, azide, and the dimedone anion (→11-13). NaBH4 reduction of 8 leads to the formation of the tosyloxy alcohol 25, which reacts with NaHCO3 in DMSO to give the tricyclic carbonate 26.
    Notes: Ausgehend vom Ketoester 3 wird das bicyclische Ketotosylat 8 und das Triflat 9 dargestellt. 8 und 9 reagieren mit methanolischer NaOH, Kalium-tert-butylat. NaNH2, NaC ≡ CH und CH3Li unter Fragmentierung zu den 5-Methylencyclooctan-Derivaten 14-20. Während 8 nur durch Cyanid-lonen in DMSO zu 10 substituiert wird, tritt bei 9 auch mit dem Acetat-, Azid- und Dimedon-Anion Neopentylsubstitution zu 11-13 ein. Durch NaBH4-Reduktion von 8 wird der Tosyloxyalkohol 25 erhalten, dessen Umsetzung mit NaHCO3 in DMSO zum tricyclischen Carbonat 26 führt.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 107 (1974), S. 2852-2859 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of α-Methylene-δ-lactonesReaction of enamines of alicyclic and cyclic ketones 2a-g with 2-(bromomethyl)acrylate 1 in dioxane affords α,β-unsaturated esters 3a-g. Saponification, NaBH4-reduction, and dehydration leads lead to α-methylene-δ-lactones 5a-g.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von Enaminen Offenkettiger und cyclischer Ketone 2a-g mit 2-(Brommethyl)acrylsäureestern 1 in Dioxan (→3a-g), Verseifung, NaBH4-Reduktion und Wasserabspaltung werden die α-Methylen-δ-lactone 5a-g dargestellt.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Proton Resonance Spectroscopy of Unsaturated Ring Systems, XXI. Bridged[14]Annulenes With Anthracene PerimeterThe 1H n.m.r. spectra of bridged [14]annulenes with anthracene perimeter have been analysed. The H, H coupling constants obtained show all systems to possess a delocalised 14-π electron system. The increased shielding of the perimeter 1H resonances in α- and β-position as well as the simultanous deshielding of the bridge protons observed with increasing number of links in the bridge is attributable to geometric factors. No indications for a significant reduction of cyclic π-electron delocalisation and, as a consequence, of the diamagnetic ring current effect are found. In the case of 1, 6:8, 13-pentanediylidene-[14]annulene a conformational mobility of the bridge was detected for the first time in this series of compounds. For the assumed inversion process ΔH≠ = 13.7 kcal/mole and ΔS≠ = -0.5 e. u. were determined by lineshape analysis at different temperatures. PPP-type calculations with variable resonance integral β allow satisfactory predictions of the perimeter CC bond length, if transannular interactions of β (1, 6) = -1.1 eV for the [10]annulene and β(1,6) = β(8, 13) = -0.3 eV for the [14]annulene are considered.
    Notes: Die 1H-NMR-Spektren überbrückter [14]Annulene mit Anthracenperimeter wurden analysiert. Nach den ermittelten H, H-Kopplungskonstanten besitzen alle Systeme ein delokalisiertes 14-π-Elektronensystem. Die mit zunehmender Brückengliederzahl eintretende Abschirmung der Perimeter-1H-Resonanzen in α- und β-Position und die gleichzeitig zu beobachtende Entschirmung der Brückenprotonen kann auf geometrische Faktoren zurückgeführt werden. Für eine signifikante Beeinträchtigung der cyclischen π-Elektronendelokalisation und damit des diamagnetischen Ringstromeffekts ergeben sich keine Hinweise. Bei 1,6:8,13-Pentandiyliden-[14]annulen wird erstmals für diese Verbindungsklasse eine konformative Beweglichkeit der Brücke festgestellt. Für den angenommenen Inversionsprozeß findet man durch Linienformanalyse bei verschiedenen Temperaturen ΔH≠ = 13.7 kcal/mol und ΔS≠ = -0.5 Clausius. PPP-Rechnungen mit variablem Resonanzintegral β gestatten eine gute Vorhersage der Perimeter-CC-Bindungslängen, wenn für die transannulare Wechselwirkung β (1,6) = -1.1 eV im [10]Annulen und β (1,6) = β (8,13) = -0.3 eV im [14]Annulen angenommen wird.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 2538-2553 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In HSO3F/SO2ClF the β-hydroxy esters Ph-CHOH-CMe2-COOR (1, R=Me, Et) are doubly protonated, then transformed into the fluorosulfates 7 and (partly) into the fluorides 8. At -15°, both 7 and 8 undergo a rearrangement, forming derivatives of Me2C=C(Ph)COOR (2). By labelling 1 with 13C, singly (13C(3)) and doubly (13C(1,3)), it could be shown that exclusively the ROOC groups undergo a 1,2-shift. Compound 2 is also formed in HSO3F/SO2ClF from the isomeric Me2COH-CHPh-COOR (3) by elimination, and less easily from the α-hydroxy ester Ph-CMe2-CHOH-COOR (5) via a phenyl 1,2-shift. Another isomer, Ph-C(OH)Me-CHMe-COOR (4) gives products different from 2.Using more acidic systems containing SbF5, the free carbenium ions 13 (Ph-CH+-CMe2-COOR) can be stabilized; they do not form 2, possibly because of complexation of the ester group with SbF5. The energy profile and the mechanism of the rearrangement 1 → 2 are discussed.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5,6-Dimethylidene-exo-2,3-epoxynorbornane (1) is reduced slowly by LiAlH4 in boiling tetrahydrofuran (THF) and furnishes a mixture of 5,6-dimethylidene-exo-2-norbornanol (2), 2,3-dimethylidene-anti-7-norbornanol (3) and principally 6-methyl-5-methylidene-anti-3-nortricyclanol (4). The yield of 4 is the highest for low initial concentrations of LiAlH4; it decreases in favour of alcohols 2 and 3 at high concentration of LiAlH4. The reduction of 1 with AlH3 in THF yields 3 as the major product, thus revealing an efficient synthesis of 7-substituted-2, 3-dimethyl-idenenorbornane derivatives. No alcohol 2could be isolated by LiEt3BH reduction of 1. LiAlD4 reduces 1 into the monodeuterated alcohols 2-d, 3-d and 4-d. The deuterium label is found in the endo-position at C (3) in 2-d, in the exo-position at C(5) in 3-d and in the methyl group of the tricyclic alcohol 4-d. Mechanistic limits for the formation of 2, 3 and 4 are discussed briefly.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Structure of Porphine-type Nickel Complexes Containing Axially Oriented SidechainsThe structure of (±)-[1, 11-dimethoxy-10 H-HDP (2-)]nickel (3), the product of the thermodynamically controlled addition of methanol to [6 H-HDP]nickel-bis-(tetrafluoroborate) (1), was determined by X-ray analysis. The two methoxy groups in 3 are cis-oriented. The syntheses and spectroscopic properties of [1, 11-diethoxy-10 H-HDP (2-)]nickel (5), [1, 11-dineopentyloxy-10 H-HDP (2-)]nickel (6) as well as the bridged complexes [1, 11-pentamethylenedioxy-10 H-HDP (2-)]nickel (4) and [1, 11-(E)-2,3-(dimethyl-2-butenylenedioxy)-10 H-HDP (2-)]nickel (7) are described. Reaction of 1 with bromide ions or 4-methylpyridine leads to the formation of the corresponding hexacoordinated, paramagnetic complexes dibromo [6 H-HDP]-nickel (II) (8) and bis (4-methylpyridine)[6 H-HDP]nickel-bis (tetrafluoroborate) (9).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The exo- and endo-irontricarbonyl complexes of 5,6-dimethylidene-2-exo-norbornyl alcohols 10x, 10n, p-bromobenzenesulfonates 11x, 11n, acetate 12x and of the 2,3-dimethylidene-7-anti-norbornyl alcohols 17x, 17n, p-bromobenzenesulfonates 19x, 19n and acetates 20x, 20n have been prepared. The SN1 buffered acetolyses of 11x, 19x and 19n gave 12x, 20x and 20n, respectively (retention of configuration). The first-order rate constants of the acetolyses have been evaluated and compared with those of the acetolyses of the uncomplexed 5,6-dimethylidene-2-exo-norbornyl (14) and 2,3-dimethylidene-7-anti-norbornyl p-bromobenzenesulfonates (18). A rate retardation effect of ca. 1.5 · 105 was measured for 11x → 12x (65°) compared with the acetolysis of 14. The retardation effect is larger (〉 5 · 107) with 11n. Contrastingly, the acetolysis 19x → 20x was slightly accelerated with respect to that of the uncomplexed p-bromobenzenesulfonate 18. An unsignificant rate-retardation effect was measured for the acetolysis 19n → 20n. The results are interpreted in terms of competitive inductive destabilization and charge-induced dipole stabilizing interaction by the exocyclic diene-iron tricarbonyl fragment. PMO. arguments give a rationale for the difference in polarizability between the diene-Fe(CO)3 group in 19 and that in the endo-7-norbornadienyl-iron tricarbonyl system.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses of the alcohols 10 and 18, and the corresponding ketones 11 and 19 are presented. Endo-5, exo-6-bis (chloromethyl)-endo-3-chloro-exo-2-norbornanol (16) and endo-5-(bromomethyl)-exo-6-(chloromethyl)-endo-3-chloro-exo-2-norbornanol (17) were obtained by HCl- and, respectively, HBr-addition to endo-5, exo-6-bis (chloromethyl)-exo-2, 3-epoxynorbornane (5). The Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement was precluded in these reactions probably because of the formation of a relatively stable chloronium ion 15 arising from the participation of the 1,4-chlorine atom of the endo-5-chloromethyl group in the heterolytic ring opening of the epoxide 5.The ‘naked’ fluoride anion (excess CsF in DMF or KF in DMF with 18-crown-6-ether) permitted the selective elimination of 2 equivalents of HCl from 16 and yielded the chlorohydrin-diene 18.
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