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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An intelligent sensor for detection of milling chatter (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 5 (1994), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Neural networks ; milling ; chatter detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper, a new real-time sensor system has been developed to detect chatter in milling operations. In the developed sensor system, a pattern recognition technique based on an unsupervised neural network using the adaptive resonance theory (ART) is adopted for detection of milling chatter. The features on the cutting force spectrum are fed into the sensor system to classify the milling process with or without chatter. The experimental results indicate that the proposed sensor system can accurately detect milling chatter regardless of the variation in cutting conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123923
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decolourization of dye-containing solutions by electrocoagulation (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 24 (1994), S. 785-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In the electrocoagulation of Drimarene Discharge X-3LG® (R12S) and Samaron Yellow 4® (D05H), the effects of sacrificial anodes, initial pH, rate of stirring and concentrations of dyes on the fraction of decolourization were tested. The experimental results revealed that the colour of dyes in the aqueous phase was effectively removed when iron and aluminium were used as sacrificial anodes and the concentration of the dyes was less than 100 p.p.m. When the concentration of R12S exceeded 300 p.p.m. iron was a more suitable sacrificial anode for electrocoagulation of R12S than aluminium. For the electrocoagulation of D05H in aqueous solution aluminium as a sacrificial anode was superior to iron when the concentration of D05H exceeded 300 p.p.m. Using iron as sacrificial anode, the residual concentration fraction of R12S was decreased below 10% when the initial concentration of R12S and charge passed were 500 p.p.m. and 120C, respectively. The decolourization fraction of D05H was 99% when aluminium was used as sacrificial anode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00578095
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance evidence of degradation in thermoplastics based on forest products (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 2 (1994), S. 137-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Compostable ; graft copolymer ; lignin ; poly(1-phenylethylene) (polystyrene) ; spectral analyses ; thermoplastic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The degradation of lignin-(1-phenylethylene) graft copolymers (lignin-styrene graft copolymers) by white rot basidiomycete fungi was followed by monitoring aromatic absorption bands by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The FTIR of the graft copolymers shows a series of characteristic absorbance peaks from multi-substituted aromatic rings and a strong poly(1-phenylethylene) (polystyrene) absorbance peak from monosubstituted aromatic rings. Subtraction of copolymer spectra taken before incubation from spectra taken after 50 days of incubation with the four tested fungi shows the loss of functional groups from the copolymer. NMR spectra also show reduction of aromatic ring resonances from the copolymer and incorporation of peaks from fungi as a result of incubation with fungi. The biodegradation tests were run on lignin-(1-phenylethylene) graft copolymers which contained 10.3, 32.2, and 50.4% of lignin. The polymer samples were incubated with the white rot fungiPleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, andTrametes versicolor, and the brown rot fungusGleophyllum trabeum. White rot fungi degraded the plastic samples at a rate that increased with increasing lignin content in the copolymer sample. Both poly(1-phenylethylene) and lignin components of the copolymer were readily degraded. Observation by scanning electron microscopy of incubated copolymers showed a deterioration of the plastic surface. The brown rot fungus did not affect any of these plastics, nor did any of the fungi degrade pure poly(1-phenylethylene).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02074782
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A parallel quasi-Newton method for partially separable large scale minimization (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 14 (1988), S. 195-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Quasi-Newton method ; updated conjugate subspaces method ; parallel computation ; partially separable minimization ; large scale minimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The parallel quasi-Newton method based on updating conjugate subspaces proposed in [4] can be very effective for large-scale sparse minimization because conjugate subspaces with respect to sparse Hessians are usually easy to obtain. We demonstrate this point in this paper for the partially separable case with matrices updated by a quasi-Newton scheme ofGriewank andToint [2,3]. The algorithm presented is suitable for parallel computation and economical in computer storage. Some testing results of the algorithm on an Alliant FX/8 minisupercomputer are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186480
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in optical texture of α-spherulites of isotactic polypropylene upon partial melting and recrystallization (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 2 (1995), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Optical texture ; α-phase spherulites ; Isotactic polypropylene ; Partial melting ; Recrystallization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Textural changes in α-phase spherulites of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in a sequence of thermal events were examined by means of polarized light microscopy (PLM). This sequence of thermal events involves isothermal crystallization (atTc = 117 to 140 °C), followed by heating (at 5 °C/min) to nearly complete melting, and then recrystallization upon cooling (at -40°C/min) to Tc During isothermal crystallization, the a-spherulites were of mixed birefringenceat Tc = 117 to 127 °C or of negative birefringence at Tc = 140 °C; upon heating towards melting, the spherulitec birefringence consistently truned negative. More interestingly, after recrystallization during cooling back to Tc from nearcomplate melting, all spherulites exhibited positive birefringence. The recrystallization could also result in speckles of positive birefringence when Tc was high or upon slower cooling. The changes in optical texture are explained in terms of contributions from tangential (or, cross-hatched) subsidiary lamellae which (as compared to the radial dominant lamellae) are relatively low-melting but thicken and recrystallize more readily in the present temperature range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01494249
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High sensitivity 2 $\beta $ decay study of $^{116}$ Cd and $^{100}$ Mo with the BOREXINO counting test facility (CAMEO project) (2001)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (2001), S. 43-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The unique features (super-low background and large sensitive volume) of the CTF and BOREXINO set ups are used in the CAMEO project for a high sensitivity study of $^{100}$ Mo and $^{116}$ Cd neutrinoless 2 $\beta $ decay. Pilot measurements with $^{116}$ Cd and Monte Carlo simulations show that the sensitivity of the CAMEO experiment (in terms of the half-life limit for $ 0\nu 2\beta $ decay) is $\approx 4\times 10^{24}$ yr with a 1 kg source of $^{100}$ Mo and $\approx 10^{26}$ yr with $\approx $ 100 kg of enriched $ ^{116}$ CdWO $_4$ crystals placed in the liquid scintillator of the CTF. The last value corresponds to a limit on the neutrino mass of $m_\nu \leq 0.06$ eV. Similarly with 1000 kg of $^{116}$ CdWO $_4$ crystals located in the BOREXINO apparatus the neutrino mass limit can be pushed down to $m_\nu \leq 0.02$ eV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520100594
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal glucose utilization in genetically diabetic microangiopathy (1975)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 1130-1132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glucose uptake into kidney tissue is not influenced by the development of glomerulosclerosis in KK mice. Glucosyltransferase activity remains at a normal level even at an age having a highest incidence of serious development of glomerulosclerosis. The observation suggests that biosynthesis of basement membrane reflected by its glucosyltransferase activity does not accelerate in genetically transmitted microangiopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02326750
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anabolic Effect of Prostaglandin E2 in Bone Is not Dependent on Pituitary Hormones in Rats (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 236-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoporosis — Bone volume— Prostaglandin E2— Hypophysectomy — Growth factor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an anabolic agent of bone in vivo but the mechanism of its action still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether the effect of PGE2 on skeleton is mediated by pituitary hormones. Forty female, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: baseline control (basal), age-matched intact control (CON), hypophysectomy (HX), and HX + PGE2 (2 mg/kg/day) with 10 animals in each group. The basal group was sacrified at 2 months of age, and the remaining groups after 6 weeks of treatment. Cancellous and cortical bone histomorphometry was performed on double fluorescent-labeled 40 μm-thick sections of the proximal tibia and tibial shaft. Our results show that HX resulted in a cessation of bone growth, a decrease in cancellous bone volume, and cortical bone gain compared with the age-matched, intact CON rats. Compared with the HX group, the HX + PGE2 group had a significantly greater tibial bone density (mean ± SE, HX + PGE2:1.595 ± 0.007 versus HX:1.545 ± 0.013), percent cancellous bone volume (21.4 ± 2.0 versus 8.41 ± 1.70), percent cortical bone area (87.2 ± 0.85 versus 81.7 ± 0.7), and ratio of cortical area to marrow area (7.14 ± 0.56 versus 4.52 ± 0.21). Increased bone masses by PGE2 in the HX animals were accompanied by an increase in the trabecular and endosteal-labeled surface and bone formation rate. The trabecular number and width were increased whereas trabecular separation was decreased in the HX + PGE2 group compared with the HX group (P 〈 0.05). PGE2 treatment also caused a decrease in the tibial endosteal eroded surface and medullar cavity of the HX animals. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrates that PGE2 (2 mg/kg/day) in the HX rats increases both cortical and cancellous bones and improves trabecular architecture in the tibia after 6 weeks of treatment. These skeletal alterations are due to a stimulation of bone formation and a suppression of bone resorption activity. These findings suggest that the anabolic effect of PGE2 in bone is independent of pituitary hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900520
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Fuzzy Modelling Approach Using Hierarchical Neural Networks (2000)
    Springer
    Neural computing & applications 9 (2000), S. 44-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3058
    Keywords: Keywords: Fuzzy clustering; Fuzzy modelling; Neural fuzzy systems; Non-linear system identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: A simple and effective fuzzy modelling approach is presented in this paper. A three-layer hierarchical clustering neural network is developed to build fuzzy rule-based models from numerical data. Differing from existing clustering-based methods, in this approach the structure identification of the fuzzy model is implemented on the basis of a class of sub-clusters created by a self-organising network instead of on raw data. By combined use of unsupervised and supervised learning, both structure identification and parameter optimisation of the fuzzy model can be carried out automatically. The simulation results show that the proposed method can provide good model structure for fuzzy modelling and has high computing efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005210070034
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical simulation of sea water intrusion near Beihai, China (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 40 (2000), S. 223-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Keywords Coastal aquifers ; Seawater intrusion ; Leaky aquifer system ; Numerical modeling ; Numerical simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A leaky aquifer system occurs in the coastal plain near Beihai, China. Seawater intrusion into the confined aquifer took place along the northern coast. Chloride concentrations at some observation wells increased steadily from 1988 and were at their peak in 1993. A quasi-three-dimensional element model has been developed to simulate the spatial and temporal evolution of hydraulic heads and chloride concentrations of the groundwater near the northern coast. The simulation model was based on the transition zone approach, which requires simultaneous solution of the governing water flow and solute transport equations. An irregular grid of a quadrangle was used to discretize the flow domain. Various aquifer parameters were verified with the numerical model in order to obtain satisfactory matches between computed values and observed data from an investigation. Three pumpage schemes were designed to use the calibrated model for prediction of future changes in water levels and chloride concentrations in groundwater in the study area. Results show that seawater intrusion would worsen in the confined aquifer if the current rates of groundwater pumpage continue. The alternative, to eliminate pumpage in the intruded area and to moderate pumpage rates from water supply wells far from the seashore, may limit seawater intrusion significantly and is considered attractive in the area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540000113
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