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  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International  (194)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (132)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-09-03
    Description: Neisseria meningitidis is a commensal pathogen that causes infectious cerebrospinal disease in people of all ages. The multivariate role of six disease-causing polysaccharide serotypes is found to play a crucial role in developing vaccines (or general treatment strategies) to treat this emerging pathogen. Iron is a crucial transition metal for N. meningitidis. Proteomic analysis data could be valuable for vaccine design. Here, we conduct a comparative study using computational bioinformatic tools to identify the most effective iron-regulated outer membrane proteins (OMPs) as immunogenic targets for a potential vaccine against N. meningitidis. The basic properties of N. meningitidis OMPs are explored for flexibility, solubility, hydrophilicity, beta-turns, and overall antigenic probability. Results of our study suggest that iron-regulated OMPs are flexible and soluble in water with high densities of conformational B-cell epitopes. As such, they can be recommended as a novel candidate for a vaccine against N. meningitidis both in vitro and in vivo.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-3417
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2018-09-01
    Description: Heavy metal(loid)s and organic contaminants are two major groups of pollutants in soils. The fate and exposure of such pollutants in soil depends on their chemical properties, speciation, and soil properties. Soil properties and processes that control the toxicological aspects of pollutants include temperature, moisture, organic matter, mineral fractions, and microbial activities. These processes are vulnerable to climate change associated with global warming, including increased incidences of extreme rainfall, extended dry periods, soil erosion, and a rise in sea level. Here we explain evidence that relates to the effects of climate change-driven soil processes on the mobility, transport, and storage of pollutants in soil. The review found that changes in climate could increase human exposure to soil contaminants mainly due to processes involving soil organic carbon (SOC), surface runoff, redox state, and microbial community. However, uncertainties remain in relation to the extent of contaminant toxicity to human health, which is linked to global change drivers.
    Electronic ISSN: 2571-8789
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-12-09
    Description: Trait tagging through molecular markers is an important molecular breeding tool for crop improvement. SSR markers encoded by functionally relevant parts of a genome are well suited for this task because they may be directly related to traits. However, a limited number of these markers are known for Musa spp. Here, we report 35136 novel functionally relevant SSR markers (FRSMs). Among these, 17,561, 15,373 and 16,286 FRSMs were mapped in-silico to the genomes of Musa acuminata, M. balbisiana and M. schizocarpa, respectively. A set of 273 markers was validated using eight accessions of Musa spp., from which 259 markers (95%) produced a PCR product of the expected size and 203 (74%) were polymorphic. In-silico comparative mapping of FRSMs onto Musa and related species indicated sequence-based orthology and synteny relationships among the chromosomes of Musa and other plant species. Fifteen FRSMs were used to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among 50 banana accessions, and the results revealed that all banana accessions group into two major clusters according to their genomic background. Here, we report the first large-scale development and characterization of functionally relevant Musa SSR markers. We demonstrate their utility for germplasm characterization, genetic diversity studies, and comparative mapping in Musa spp. and other monocot species. The sequences for these novel markers are freely available via a searchable web interface called Musa Marker Database.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4425
    Topics: Biology
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1555-1566 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Possible conformations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, related disaccharides, and other milk oligosaccharides have been studied by an energy-minimization procedure using empirical potential functions. Lacto-N-tetraose favors a “curved” conformation, while lacto-N-neotetraose favors an approximately “straight” conformation. These two conformations differ mainly in the position of the terminal galactose residue with respect to the rest of the molecule. This difference explains the greater strength of lacto-N-neotetraose compared with lacto-N-tetraose in its ability to inhibit the cross-reaction of blood group P1 fractions with Type XIV pneumococcal antipolysaccharide. Although the favored conformation of lacto-N-tetraose (inactive) agrees with the model proposed by the earlier workers, that for lacto-N-neotetraose (active) differs. The favored conformations for the disaccharides galactose-β(1-4)-N-acetylglucosamine, galactose-β(1-3)-N-acetylglucosamine, and lactose are similar in overall shape, differing only in the nature and orientation of the side groups. This explains their nearly equal inhibitory activity. These theoretical models also explain the increased activity of lacto-N-fucopentaose I over that of lacto-N-tetraose and the relative activities of the substituted lactoses. The present studies suggest that it is the overall shape of the molecule which is important for activity, rather than the terminal β(1-4)-linked galactose residue alone.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 170 (1989), S. 115-125 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Substitution von Chlor in PVC durch 3,6-Diamino-N-methyl-carbazol entsteht ein Kondensat, das in allen Lösungsmitteln für PVC unlöslich ist. Dieses Kondensat ist thermisch stabiler als PVC. Auch die dielektrischen Eigenschaften unterscheiden sich deutlich von denen von PVC. Die Sulfonierung des PVC-Carbazol-Kondensats liefert ein Kationenaustauscherharz mit SO3H- und COOH-Gruppen.
    Notes: The chlorine displacement reaction between PVC and N-methylcarbazole-3,6-diamine affords a condensate which is insoluble in all possible solvents of PVC. The overall thermal stability of this condensate is appreciably higher than that of PVC. The dielectric behavior is also significantly different from that of unmodified PVC. Sulfonation of the PVC-carbazole condensate affords a cation-exchange resin with —SO3H and —COOH functional moieties.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 207 (1993), S. 9-21 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wird ein phänomenologisches Modell vorgestellt, mit dem sich das Entstehen starker Anisotropien der physikalischen Eigenschaften semikristalliner Polymerer nach einachsigem Verstrecken beschreiben 1äßt. Dieses Modell führt die Temperatur als expliziten Parameter in die Orientierungsfunktion ein. Es enthält zwei frei wählbare Parameter, die für jedes Polymere durch Anpassen der experimentellen Daten der Doppelbrechung als Funktion des Verstreckverhältnisses bei einer bestimmten Temperatur ermittelt werden konnen. Die berechneten Werte für Elastizitätsmodul, thermische Leitfähigkeit und Expansibilität parallel und senkrecht zur Streckrichtung stimmen in einem wäiten Bereich des Verstreckverhältnisses und der Temperatur mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen gut überein.
    Notes: A phenomenological model has been proposed to understand the development of strong anisotropy in physical properties of semicrystalline polymers on uniaxial drawing. The proposed model introduces temperature as an explicit parameter in the orientation function. The model contains two free parameters for each polymer which can be evaluated by fitting the experimental data on birefringence versus draw ratio at a particular temperature. The calculated values of elastic moduli, thermal conductivity and expansibility along and perpendicular to the drawing direction over the entire range of draw ratio and a wide range of temperature are in good agreement with experimental values.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 20 (1981), S. 99-121 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Possible conformations of two mannotetraoses and several milk oligosaccharides have been studied by an energy minimization procedure using semi-empirical potential functions. Changes in the terminal residue at the reducing end (cyclic to acyclic form) of these molecules do not affect the favored conformations of the remaining oligosaccharide moiety. However, differences in the overall shape of the native and reduced forms of the mannotetraose, mannose α(1-3) mannose α(1-2) mannose α(1-2) mannose are much less marked than between the native and reduced forms of lacto-N-tetraose. These differences are related to the effectiveness of the native forms as inhibitors of antibodies produced using synthetic antigens. Changes in the linkage of the residues at the nonreducing end of these molecules affect significantly the overall shape of these molecules. These differences also are related to their effectiveness as inhibitors. In the fucose-containing milk oligosaccharides the additional fucose residues only restrict the orientation of the backbone tetrasaccharide and do not push it into a totally new conformation. The fucose residues come on a surface of the molecule which is away from the region which may be important for binding. The present studies show that it is the overall shape of the molecule which is important in determining its inhibitory properties and give information as to how best to use the immune method for identification of unknown oligosaccharide sequences by specially prepared antibodies.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A unified study of the optical and mechanical properties of polyoxymethylene (POM) is attempted in the framework of the composite model for a wide range of temperature (-60 to 120°C) which covers a region well below and above the γ-relaxation temperature. It was found that the existing two phase models for semicrystalline polymers are not adequate for interpreting the mechanical properties of POM over a wide temperature and drawing ratio range. The composite model takes into consideration the effects due to the change in crystallinity and orientation on drawing. The elastic moduli of the composite units are also calculated in terms of those of its constituents. The orientational changes on drawing were directly computed from the birefringence data. It was observed that the general agreement of the calculated and experimental values of the elastic moduli over the entire temperature and drawing ratio range is quite satisfactory.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 187 (1986), S. 1023-1034 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The theoretical interpretation of the anisotropic elastic properties of polypropylene is given. It was found that none of the existing models provide a unified description of the mechanical and optical properties of ultradrawn polypropylene. The composite model proposed by the authors, which takes into account the change in orientation and crystallinity on drawing, was applied to investigate the elastic moduli data of polypropylene for a wide range of temperature (-40 to 110°C) and over the entire drawing ratio range. The relationship between θ and θ′, the angles made by the C-axis of the composite unit with drawing direction, was found to be adequately described by the relation tan θ = φ(n) tan θ′. It was further observed that φ(n) in the above relation obtained from birefringence data predicts the correct orientational changes on drawing for the temperature range -40 to 24°C. This makes the evaluation of mechanical properties possible without introducing any arbitrary parameter. However, it is noticed that a particular analytical form of φ(n) with two parameters is quite successful in interpreting the mechanical properties data over the entire temperature range. The abrupt changes of the parameters at certain temperatures seem to be correlated with the β-relaxation and glass transition temperature.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 217-226 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A phenomenological model is proposed which considers the polymer as an aggregate of units. The units are composed of two distinct phases  -  amorphous and crystalline. The thermal conductivity of a unit is calculated in terms of those of its constituents. In the undrawn state these units are distributed randomly, and the isotropic thermal conductivity of the bulk results. The development of strong anisotropy in thermal conductivity is explained in terms of the preferred orientation of these units. The structural features of this model are similar to those employed for the interpretation of the mechanical properties. The change in orientation of the units was deduced from the experimental data of birefringence. Finally, the results obtained from the composite model for several semicrystalline polymers are compared with the experimental data and other existing calculations. The model is found to give a fair overall description of the thermal conductivity in the cases of polypropylene, polyoxymethylene, low and high density polyethylene, and polychlorotrifluoroethylene.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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