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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass temperature depression of polymer by use of mixed solvents: A colligative property (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 535-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: colligative property ; Gibbs DiMarzio entropy theory ; glass temperature ; plasticizers ; polymer diluents ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The entropy theory of glasses is used to determine the glass temperature depression by a multicomponent low molecular weight plasticizer (diluent). The glass temperature, Tg, is calculated as a function of pressure, P, the mole fractions, mi, of the plasticizers, and the degree of polymerization p. One finds, provided there is no phase separation, that to a good approximation, the initial glass temperature depression is a function of the total mole fraction of plasticizer. Moreover, the glass temperature depression for small plasticizer molecules is found to be nearly a universal function of the plasticizer mole fraction (it depends on no other plasticizer variable), and to vary inversely as the number of flexible bonds per monomer unit of the polymer. A useful approximation is found, γdTg/dm1 = -3Tg, where m1 is the total mole fraction of diluent on a per monomer of polymer basis, and γ is the number of flexible bonds per monomer. Although these results agree with experimental data in the literature, a more definitive experimental test is needed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drawing of microshear deformation zones in glassy polymers: Poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 1141-1145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: atomic force microscope ; shear deformation zone ; strain localization ; strain hardening ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The topography of the microscopic shear deformation zones (SDZ) in the glassy polymer PPO was studied by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and was used to analyze the growth and breakdown of the SDZ. It was found that the local stress and strain are almost constant within the deformation zones but higher than those in the elastic regions. The maximum strain rate during stretching was found to always locate near the SDZ boundaries, indicating that most drawing took place there. With both the local stress and strain obtained for every point within the SDZ, it is possible to construct a full stress-strain curve for the drawing of the tiny local deformation zones. The stress-strain curve clearly demonstrates a yield point in the beginning of microyielding where the tensile modulus was found to be much lower than that in the elastic regime. Some strain hardening, however, took place at larger deformation. Moreover, we found that for each microscopic region participated in the microdrawing the local strain rate increased with local strain until a critical strain around 0.65 was reached, after which the strain rate decreased with strain. This critical strain may be related to the chain entanglement network structure because it shifted to 0.75 when PS diluents were blended into PPO, indicating that strain hardening was delayed by the increase of chain entanglement mesh size. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of particle dispersion in polymer solids by oxygen plasma etching (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 757-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new technique using oxygen plasma etching was developed for studying the dispersion of filler particles in polymer solids. With this method, the organic polymer matrix is selectively etched from the top surface down into the bulk, revealing the dispersion state of the filler particles upon scanning electron microscopic analysis. A polymer composite, comprised of zinc oxide particles and a linear styrene-n-butylmethacrylate copolymer, was used to investigate the particle dispersion as a function of filler volume fraction. Preliminary data on the effect of a surfactant on filler dispersion is also discussed. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460502
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EULERIAN-LAGRANGIAN COMPUTATIONS ON PHASE DISTRIBUTION OF TWO-PHASE BUBBLY FLOWS (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 579-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Eulerian-Lagrange computation ; bubbly flow ; void fraction distribution ; two-fluid model ; gas-liquid flow ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A comprehensively theoretical model is developed and numerically solved to investigate the phase distribution phenomena in a two-dimensional, axisymmetric, developing, two-phase bubbly flow. The Eulerian approach treats the fluid phase as a continuum and solved Eulerian conservation equations for the liquid phase. The Lagrangian bubbles are tracked by solving the equation of motion for the gas phase. The interphase momentum changes are included in the equations. The numerical model successfully predicts detailed flow velocity profiles for both liquid and gas phases. The development of the wall-peaking phenomenon of the void fraction and velocity profiles is also characterized for the developing flow. For 42 experiments in which the mean void fraction is less than 20 per cent, numerical calculations demonstrate that the predictions agree well with Liu's experimental data. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
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    Characterization of a New Trioxilin and a Sulfoquinovosyl Diacylglycerol with Anti-Inflammatory Properties from the Dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina (2017)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-3397
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 6
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    Pharmacological Activation of Sirt1 Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Suppressing Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Mice (2019)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-19
    Description: Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is an essential modulator of cellular metabolism and has pleiotropic effects. It was recently reported that Sirt1 overexpression in kidney tubule ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). However, whether pharmacological activation of Sirt1 also has a beneficial effect against the disease remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether SRT1720, a potent and specific activator of Sirt1, could ameliorate cisplatin-induced AKI. We found that SRT1720 treatment ameliorated cisplatin-induced acute renal failure and histopathological alterations. Increased levels of tubular injury markers in kidneys were significantly attenuated by SRT1720. SRT1720 treatment also suppressed caspase-3 activation and apoptotic cell death. Increased expression of 4-hydroxynonenal, elevated malondialdehyde level, and decreased ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione after cisplatin injection were significantly reversed by SRT1720. In addition, SRT1720 treatment decreased renal expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prevented macrophage infiltration into damaged kidneys. We also showed that the therapeutic effects of SRT1720 were associated with reduced acetylation of p53 and nuclear factor kappa-B p65 and preservation of peroxisome function, as evidenced by recovered expression of markers for number and function of peroxisome. These results suggest that Sirt1 activation by SRT1720 would be a useful therapeutic option for cisplatin-induced AKI.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-3921
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 7
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    Carbon and Nitrogen Responses in Litterfall and Litter Decomposition in Red Pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) Stands Disturbed by Pine Wilt Disease (2019)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-09
    Description: Research Highlight: Forest disturbance by insects or disease can have a significant influence on nutrient return by litterfall and decomposition, but information regarding disturbance gradients is scarce. This study demonstrated that the disturbance intensity caused by pine wilt disease greatly altered the quality and quantity of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in litterfall components and decomposition processes. Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the C and N status of litterfall and litter decomposition processes in a natural red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) stand disturbed by pine wilt disease in southern Korea. Nine red pine plots with varying degrees of disturbance caused by pine wilt disease were established based on differences in the stand basal area. Litterfall and the decomposition of needle litter and branches under different degrees of disturbance were measured for three years. Results: There was a significant correlation (p 〈 0.05) between disturbance intensity and the C and N concentration of litterfall components depending on the time of sampling. The annual C and N inputs through litterfall components decreased linearly with decreasing disturbance intensities. The decomposition rates of branches were higher in slightly disturbed plots compared with severely disturbed plots for the late stage of branch decomposition, whereas the decomposition rates of needle litter were not affected by the disturbance intensity of pine wilt disease. Carbon and N concentrations from needle litter and branches were not linearly related to the intensities of disturbance, except for the initial stage (one year) of needle litter decomposition. Conclusions: The results indicated that the incidence of pine wilt disease was a major cause of C and N loss through litterfall and decomposition processes in pine wilt disease disturbed stands, but the magnitude of loss depended on the severity of the disease disturbance.
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4907
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 8
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    Soil Nitrogen Transformations and Availability in Upland Pine and Bottomland Alder Forests (2015)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-27
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4907
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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