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  • NMR  (4)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (4)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • Springer Nature
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 335-342 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; Conformational analysis ; Coupling constants ; NOE ; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ; Mefenamic acid ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid and flufenamic acid were assigned and the solution dynamics and conformations of the compounds were probed by the analysis of NMR chemical shifts, temperature coefficients, 3J(C,H) coupled constants, nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) effects and saturation transfer experiments. At low concentrations the anthranilic acid derivatives (the fenamates) exist as monomer units with intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the amine proton and the carboxylic acid group. At concentrations of 10 mM and above, solution aggregates exist. The intermolecular association does not disrupt the intramolecular N—H…O=C hydrogen bonding, resulting in a similar conformation for mefenamic and flufenamic acids at both low and high concentrations. Meclofenamic acid has an additional intramolecular hydrogen bond, resulting in a slightly different conformation to the other two fenamates. The results from this conformational study are of potential value in molecular and pharmacophore modelling studies on the bioactive conformations of these drugs.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 509-516 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; Hoechst 32985 ; Dynamics of piperazine rings ; pKa ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H NMR spectra of the dipiperazine-based DNA minor groove binding compound Hoechst 32985 indicate that at room temperature and low pH (2.90) a single conformation is detected. This is attributed to the form in which both piperazine rings are protonated at the N-methyl and the bulky methyl and aromatic groups are in an equatorial arrangement. The aliphatic regions of the spectra broaden considerably with an increase in either temperature or pH, indicating the presence of a dynamic exchange process. This process results in interchange of axial and equatorial environments of the piperazine ring protons and is attributed to combined ring and nitrogen inversions. Analysis of the variable-temperature spectra for a solution at pH 2.90 allowed a Gibb's free energy of activation (ΔG
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 33 (1995), S. 367-374 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; antidepressants ; trimipramine maleate ; nitrogen inversion ; molecular dynamics ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solution conformations and dynamics of the antidepressant drug trimipramine maleate were investigated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Of particular interest was an observed non-equivalence of the N-methyl groups in the aliphatic side-chain of the drug, which is present in both 1H and 13C spectra under a range of aqueous and non-aqueous solvent conditions when the terminal nitrogen is protonated. Although the inequivalence was first observed for the maleate salt, the nature of the counter ion is not a determining factor. The solution concentration of the drug does, however, modulate the observed inequivalence, with the two peaks coalescing at higher drug concentrations. The diastereotopic environments of the two methyl groups arise because of a chiral centre in the aliphatic side-chain. Inversion of the terminal nitrogen produces exchange between the two environments, thereby destroying the inequivalence and leading to a single averaged resonance for the two methyl groups. The energy barrier for the exchange process was determined from variable-temperature NMR experiments to be 16.3 kcal ml-1 (1 kcal = 4.184 kJ). This is higher than would be expected for simple inversion of a tertiary nitrogen, but reflects the fact that inversion can only occur for the small fraction of molecules which are not protonated. The barrier determined from the variable-temperature experiments was in agreement with rates of interchange between the two methyl environments determined from saturation transfer experiments. These rates were measured for a series of different protonation states of the nitrogen, with the rate contant for interchange of environments decreasing with an increasing degree of nitrogen protonation. 13C spin-lattice relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser enhancement effects were also measured to determine the degree of mobility in the aliphatic side-chain of trimipramine maleate.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 31 (1993), S. 222-230 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Amphetamines ; NMR ; Relaxation times ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of phenylethylamine and amphetamine derivatives were synthesized in order to determine the nature of the internal and overall molecular dynamics in these systems. 13C and 2H NMR relaxation times were measured. For the latter measurements, compounds specifically deuteriated in the side-chains were synthesized. The relaxation data were analysed via a computer model incorporating the spectral density function for axially symmetric anisotropic motion. The motion of these molecules was found to be substantially anisotropic, with rotation about the symmetry axis of the molecule being at least twice as fast as rotation normal to the symmetry axis. The results of more complex models of axially symmetric anisotropic molecular motion, involving internal rotation or conic diffusion of the side-chains, were found to be sensitive to variation of the input data, but the correlation times for internal rotation of the ring - C-β bond were longer than might have been expected. Similarly, owing to its flexibility, the effective correlation times of atoms in the side-chain were found to be faster than those of the ring carbons, but did not always decrease along the side chain. Intermolecular interactions or aggregation states in CDCl3 may reduce segmental motion of side-chains. A particular feature of the current study is that it was demonstrated that deuteriation of the side-chain gives a unique opportunity to determine independently side-chain correlation times via the quadrupolar relaxation times of the 2H nucleus, and to compare these results with those of the carbon atoms. These correlation times were found to be in very good agreement with those obtained from the 13C data.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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