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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acceleration of chlorination of alumina using supercritical CCl4 (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 669-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340416
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of solute structure, temperature, and eluent composition on the chiral separation of 21 aminotetralins on a cellulose tris-3,5-dimethylcarbamate stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 4 (1992), S. 389-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: chiral stationary phase ; CHIRALCEL OD ; temperature effect ; enantiomeric separation ; aminotetralins ; dopamine agonists ; resolution ; chiral recognition mechanism ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the present study 21 different chiral aminotetralins were used to investigate the mechanism behind their enantiomeric resolution (Rs) on a commercially available high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) cellulose tris-3,5-dimethylcarbamate stationary phase. The differences in the chemical structures of the aminotetralins used were never directly located on the chiral carbon. Their chromatographic behavior was studied for two eluent compositions at six different temperatures. Hydrogen bonding and π—π interactions are two possible solute-chiral stationary phase (CSP) interactions. Differences between the enantiomers in their spatial arrangement of positions involved in solute-CSP interactions were the major forces behind enantiomeric separation.Lowering the temperature increased the Rs for the aminotetralins having π-electrons not directly bonded to that part of the molecule where the hydrogen bonding with the CSP is located. Primary amines and secondary amines, with a sufficiently short N-alkyl substituent, showed a decrease of Rs with lower temperatures, all other aminotetralins yielding an increase of Rs with lower temperatures. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530040610
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between cellulose and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phases for enantiomeric separation of 17 amidotetralins (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 5 (1993), S. 545-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: cellulose ; amylose ; silica gel ; high performance liquid chromatography ; direct separations ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Direct enantiomeric separations of 17 chiral amidotetralins by means of high performance liquid chromatography were performed on stationary phases composed of tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) derivatives of cellulose and amylose, coated on silica gel. The enantiomers of 15 out of 17 amidotetralins were resolved with a resolution of more than 1.5 by at least one of the chiral stationary phases. The stationary phases showed complementary results with regard to the separation of the amidotetralins, that is, pairs that did not separate on the cellulose-type column were well separated on the amylose-type column, and vice versa. There was no significant correlation between the chromatographic properties of the chiral stationary phases. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530050711
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purity control in sodium-cooled reactor systems (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 2 (1956), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recent advances in purity control in sodium systems are covered. Emphasis is placed on results from the prototype S.I.R. system as well as other unpublished data. Included are chemical and nuclear activation analyses of sodium, filtration data, and details and operation of cold traps and plugging indicators.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690020205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of an HPLC peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection system for some dansyl amino acids (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 5 (1990), S. 13-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemiluminescence ; chromatography ; dansyl amino acids ; bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate ; TCPO ; bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)oxalate ; DNPO ; peroxyoxalates ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO)-hydrogen-peroxide-generated chemiluminescence (CL) of four dansyl amino acids has been used as a model system for the optimization of a detection system in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Dansylated alanine, glutamic acid, methionine, and norleucine were subjected to peroxyoxalate induced CL in a static system and in a flow system under various conditions with respect to TCPO (ethyl acetate) and hydrogen peroxide (acetone) concentrations, solvent composition and flow, using a two-pump or a one-pump post-column reagent system. From the CL-decay curve, the influence on the emission signal from the total flow rate in the detector was investigated. Special attention was focused on the mixing of the LC eluate and the reagent in order to combine an efficient collection of the emitted light using a 74μI flow cell (originally 10μI in the fluorescence detector) with minimal extra column band broadening. Therefore, a capillary fused-silica tubing of about 100μm i.d. was inserted against the end-frit of the column and brought through a mixing tee, in which the solutions of TCPO and hydrogen peroxide were added. The column end tubing ended in the flow cell and the LC eluate and the reagents were mixed when entering the flow-cell. Average detection limits (S/N=2) of 200fmol injected dansylated amino acid could be reached. A comparison is made between the use of TCPO and DNPO (bis (2, 4-dinitrophenyl) oxalate).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170050105
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  • 6
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    Water, Vol. 9, Pages 813: The Impact of a Check Dam on Groundwater Recharge and Sedimentation in an Ephemeral Stream (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-25
    Description: Water, Vol. 9, Pages 813: The Impact of a Check Dam on Groundwater Recharge and Sedimentation in an Ephemeral Stream Water doi: 10.3390/w9100813 Authors: Hakan Djuma Adriana Bruggeman Corrado Camera Marinos Eliades Konstantinos Kostarelos Despite the widespread presence of groundwater recharge check dams, there are few studies that quantify their functionality. The objectives of this study are (i) to assess groundwater recharge in an ephemeral river with and without a check dam and (ii) to assess sediment build-up in the check-dam reservoir. Field campaigns were carried out to measure water flow, water depth, and check-dam topography to establish water volume, evaporation, outflow, and recharge relations, as well as sediment build-up. To quantify the groundwater recharge, a water-balance approach was applied at two locations: at the check dam reservoir area and at an 11 km long natural stretch of the river upstream. Prediction intervals were computed to assess the uncertainties of the results. During the four years of operation, the check dam (storage capacity of 25,000 m3) recharged the aquifer with an average of 3.1 million m3 of the 10.4 million m3 year−1 of streamflow (30%). The lower and upper uncertainty limits of the check dam recharge were 0.1 and 9.6 million m3 year−1, respectively. Recharge from the upstream stretch was 1.5 million m3 year−1. These results indicate that check dams are valuable structures for increasing groundwater resources in semi-arid regions.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
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    Water, Vol. 10, Pages 958: Improving Public Participation Processes for the Floods Directive and Flood Awareness: Evidence from Cyprus (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-21
    Description: Water, Vol. 10, Pages 958: Improving Public Participation Processes for the Floods Directive and Flood Awareness: Evidence from Cyprus Water doi: 10.3390/w10070958 Authors: Katerina Charalambous Adriana Bruggeman Elias Giannakis Christos Zoumides Public participation is integrated in the European Floods Directive to ensure engagement of societal actors in selecting and accepting measures. This study assesses the Directive’s public participation process and provides recommendations for its improvement by using Cyprus as a case study. Interviews with the organizers and attendees of the public consultations were carried out to evaluate the process while a citizen survey examined people’s flood awareness and opinions of three household-level flood protection measures (permeable pavements, rainwater harvesting systems, and green roofs). Public consultation organizers were generally satisfied with the process while participants suggested better structured information and a more participatory approach. The majority (77%) of the survey respondents did not know if they lived in a designated flood risk area while 93% were unaware of the public consultations carried out for the Floods Directive. Their perception about the effectiveness of the three flood protection measures was positively associated with their willingness to implement them. The results indicated the need for more participatory methods in the public participation process and better strategies to increase awareness and the engagement of people in flood management. Establishing procedures for evaluating the effectiveness of public participation could contribute to the recognition and improvement of the process.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 8
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    Water, Vol. 10, Pages 1039: Tree Water Dynamics in a Semi-Arid, Pinus brutia Forest (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-07
    Description: Water, Vol. 10, Pages 1039: Tree Water Dynamics in a Semi-Arid, Pinus brutia Forest Water doi: 10.3390/w10081039 Authors: Marinos Eliades Adriana Bruggeman Hakan Djuma Maciek W. Lubczynski This study aims to examine interactions between tree characteristics, sap flow, and environmental variables in an open Pinus brutia (Ten.) forest with shallow soil. We examined radial and azimuthal variations of sap flux density (Jp), and also investigated the occurrence of hydraulic redistribution mechanisms, quantified nocturnal tree transpiration, and analyzed the total water use of P. brutia trees during a three-year period. Sap flow and soil moisture sensors were installed onto and around eight trees, situated in the foothills of the Troodos Mountains, Cyprus. Radial observations showed a linear decrease of sap flux densities with increasing sapwood depth. Azimuthal differences were found to be statistically insignificant. Reverse sap flow was observed during low vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and negative air temperatures. Nocturnal sap flow was about 18% of the total sap flow. Rainfall was 507 mm in 2015, 359 mm in 2016, and 220 mm in 2017. Transpiration was 53%, 30%, and 75%, respectively, of the rainfall in those years, and was affected by the distribution of the rainfall. The trees showed an immediate response to rainfall events, but also exploited the fractured bedrock. The transpiration and soil moisture levels over the three hydrologically contrasting years showed that P. brutia is well-adapted to semi-arid Mediterranean conditions.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 9
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    Sustainability, Vol. 8, Pages 1023: Linear Parks along Urban Rivers: Perceptions of Thermal Comfort and Climate Change Adaptation in Cyprus (2016)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-18
    Description: The development of green space along urban rivers could mitigate urban heat island effects, enhance the physical and mental well-being of city dwellers, and improve flood resilience. A linear park has been recently created along the ephemeral Pedieos River in the urban area of Nicosia, Cyprus. Questionnaire surveys and micrometeorological measurements were conducted to explore people’s perceptions and satisfaction regarding the services of the urban park. People’s main reasons to visit the park were physical activity and exercise (67%), nature (13%), and cooling (4%). The micrometeorological measurements in and near the park revealed a relatively low cooling effect (0.5 °C) of the park. However, the majority of the visitors (84%) were satisfied or very satisfied with the cooling effect of the park. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of individuals feeling very comfortable under a projected 3 °C future increase in temperature would be 0.34 times lower than the odds of feeling less comfortable. The discrepancies between the observed thermal comfort index and people’s perceptions revealed that people in semi-arid environments are adapted to the hot climatic conditions; 63% of the park visitors did not feel uncomfortable at temperatures between 27 °C and 37 °C. Further research is needed to assess other key ecosystems services of this urban green river corridor, such as flood protection, air quality regulation, and biodiversity conservation, to contribute to integrated climate change adaptation planning.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 10
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    Water, Vol. 9, Pages 958: A Participatory Approach for Adapting River Basins to Climate Change (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-09
    Description: Water, Vol. 9, Pages 958: A Participatory Approach for Adapting River Basins to Climate Change Water doi: 10.3390/w9120958 Authors: Pieter Verkerk Anabel Sánchez Steven Libbrecht Annelies Broekman Adriana Bruggeman Hamed Daly-Hassen Elias Giannakis Sihem Jebari Kasper Kok Aleksandra Krivograd Klemenčič Manca Magjar Inazio Martinez de Arano Nicolas Robert Nataša Smolar-Žvanut Elsa Varela Christos Zoumides Climate change is expected to reduce water availability in the Mediterranean region and water management needs to adapt to future conditions. The aims of this study were (1) to develop a participatory approach for identifying and evaluating management options for river basin climate adaptation and (2) to apply and evaluate the approach in four case-study river basins across the Mediterranean. As part of the approach, a diverse group of stakeholders joined a series of workshops and consultations in four river basins located in Cyprus, Slovenia, Spain and Tunisia. In each river basin, stakeholders expressed their views on challenges in their river basins, as well as options to tackle these challenges. We used the information on challenges, as well as the factors contributing to these challenges to develop a fuzzy cognitive map for each basin. These maps were converted into mathematical models and were used to assess the impact of a total of 102 suggested management options for the four river basins. We linked the options and their estimated impacts with a multi-criteria analysis to identify the most preferred options. The approach was positively evaluated by the participating stakeholders and allowed the link of stakeholders’ knowledge and perceptions about their river basin with their preferences for options to adapt the management of their river basins to future conditions.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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