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  • 1
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    Remote Sensing, Vol. 8, Pages 683: SAR Target Recognition via Supervised Discriminative Dictionary Learning and Sparse Representation of the SAR-HOG Feature (2016)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-21
    Description: Automatic target recognition (ATR) in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images plays an important role in both national defense and civil applications. Although many methods have been proposed, SAR ATR is still very challenging due to the complex application environment. Feature extraction and classification are key points in SAR ATR. In this paper, we first design a novel feature, which is a histogram of oriented gradients (HOG)-like feature for SAR ATR (called SAR-HOG). Then, we propose a supervised discriminative dictionary learning (SDDL) method to learn a discriminative dictionary for SAR ATR and propose a strategy to simplify the optimization problem. Finally, we propose a SAR ATR classifier based on SDDL and sparse representation (called SDDLSR), in which both the reconstruction error and the classification error are considered. Extensive experiments are performed on the MSTAR database under standard operating conditions and extended operating conditions. The experimental results show that SAR-HOG can reliably capture the structures of targets in SAR images, and SDDL can further capture subtle differences among the different classes. By virtue of the SAR-HOG feature and SDDLSR, the proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art performance on MSTAR database. Especially for the extended operating conditions (EOC) scenario “Training 17 ∘ —Testing 45 ∘ ”, the proposed method improves remarkably with respect to the previous works.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 2
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    Forests, Vol. 7, Pages 191: Eliminating Illegal Timber Consumption or Production: Which Is the More Economical Means to Reduce Illegal Logging? (2016)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Forests
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-30
    Description: Illegal logging, with its related trade of illegally harvested timber, is one of the main environmental and economic problems worldwide. Eliminating illegal timber consumption and production are two practical means to reduce illegal logging. However, the problem of determining which of the two means is more economical remains to be analyzed. In this study, an input–output analysis was conducted to evaluate the consumption and production of illegal timber in different countries. The Global Forest Products Model (GFPM) was employed to analyze the effects of eliminating illegal timber consumption and production on the added value of the forest sector at global and national levels. Results indicated that eliminating illegal timber production is more economical than eliminating consumption at the global level. The former is estimated to decrease the added value of the global forest sector only by 3.37% compared to 7.31% by the latter in 2030. Eliminating the production of illegal timber will result in uneven distribution of social wealth in the forest sector, and will pass the cost of reducing illegal logging onto developing countries. Developed countries would gain more added value and market scale than the global average, whereas developing countries would suffer a loss if illegal timber production is eliminated. Hence, developed countries are encouraged to provide financial support to help developing countries reduce illegal logging.
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4907
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 3
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    Entropy, Vol. 17, Pages 755-762: Thermodynamic Analysis about Nucleation and Growth of Cubic Boron Nitride Crystals in the hBN-Li3N System under High Pressure and High Temperature (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Entropy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-10
    Description: The nucleation of cubic boron nitride (cBN) single crystals synthesized with lithium nitride (Li3N) as a catalyst under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) was analyzed. Many nanometer-sized cubic boron nitride nuclei formed in the near surface layer, as detected by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Based on the experiment results, the transformation kinetics is described by a nucleation and growth process in the thermodynamic stability region of cBN. A theoretical description is developed based on the heterogeneous nucleation and layer growth mechanism, and the relevant parameters are estimated and discussed. The critical crystal radius, r*, increases with the temperature under constant pressure; the change with temperature more pronounced at lower pressure (such as 4.5 GPa). The crystal growth velocity increased with the temperature, and it is parabolic with temperature under certain pressure. These results are consistent with experimental data.
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-4300
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 4
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    From Rice Bran to High Energy Density Supercapacitors: A New Route to Control Porous Structure of 3D Carbon (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-02
    Description: Controlled micro/mesopores interconnected structures of three-dimensional (3D) carbon with high specific surface areas (SSA) are successfully prepared by carbonization and activation of biomass (raw rice brans) through KOH. The highest SSA of 2475 m2 g−1 with optimized pore volume of 1.21 cm3 g−1 (40% for mesopores) is achieved for KOH/RBC = 4 mass ratio, than others. The as-prepared 3D porous carbon-based electrode materials for supercapacitors exhibit high specific capacitance specifically at large current densities of 10 A g−1 and 100 A g−1 i.e., 265 F g−1 and 182 F g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte, respectively. Moreover, a high power density ca. 1223 W kg−1 (550 W L−1) and energy density 70 W h kg−1 (32 W h L−1) are achieved on the base of active material loading (~10 mg cm2) in the ionic liquid. The findings can open a new avenue to use abundant agricultural by-products as ideal materials with promising applications in high-performance energy-storage devices. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07260
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Remote Sensing, Vol. 7, Pages 8469-8488: Multi-Frequency Polarimetric SAR Classification Based on Riemannian Manifold and Simultaneous Sparse Representation (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-03
    Description: Normally, polarimetric SAR classification is a high-dimensional nonlinear mapping problem. In the realm of pattern recognition, sparse representation is a very efficacious and powerful approach. As classical descriptors of polarimetric SAR, covariance and coherency matrices are Hermitian semidefinite and form a Riemannian manifold. Conventional Euclidean metrics are not suitable for a Riemannian manifold, and hence, normal sparse representation classification cannot be applied to polarimetric SAR directly. This paper proposes a new land cover classification approach for polarimetric SAR. There are two principal novelties in this paper. First, a Stein kernel on a Riemannian manifold instead of Euclidean metrics, combined with sparse representation, is employed for polarimetric SAR land cover classification. This approach is named Stein-sparse representation-based classification (SRC). Second, using simultaneous sparse representation and reasonable assumptions of the correlation of representation among different frequency bands, Stein-SRC is generalized to simultaneous Stein-SRC for multi-frequency polarimetric SAR classification. These classifiers are assessed using polarimetric SAR images from the Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) sensor of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Electromagnetics Institute Synthetic Aperture Radar (EMISAR) sensor of the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). Experiments on single-band and multi-band data both show that these approaches acquire more accurate classification results in comparison to many conventional and advanced classifiers.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 6
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    Sensors, Vol. 12, Pages 3605-3626: On the Statistical Errors of RADAR Location Sensor Networks with Built-In Wi-Fi Gaussian Linear Fingerprints (2012)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-16
    Description: The expected errors of RADAR sensor networks with linear probabilistic location fingerprints inside buildings with varying Wi-Fi Gaussian strength are discussed. As far as we know, the statistical errors of equal and unequal-weighted RADAR networks have been suggested as a better way to evaluate the behavior of different system parameters and the deployment of reference points (RPs). However, up to now, there is still not enough related work on the relations between the statistical errors, system parameters, number and interval of the RPs, let alone calculating the correlated analytical expressions of concern. Therefore, in response to this compelling problem, under a simple linear distribution model, much attention will be paid to the mathematical relations of the linear expected errors, number of neighbors, number and interval of RPs, parameters in logarithmic attenuation model and variations of radio signal strength (RSS) at the test point (TP) with the purpose of constructing more practical and reliable RADAR location sensor networks (RLSNs) and also guaranteeing the accuracy requirements for the location based services in future ubiquitous context-awareness environments. Moreover, the numerical results and some real experimental evaluations of the error theories addressed in this paper will also be presented for our future extended analysis.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
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    Two-dimensional quasi-freestanding molecular crystals for high-performance organic field-effect transistors (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-23
    Description: Article Inorganic two-dimensional atomic crystals exhibit a variety of unusual but practically useful properties. Here, the authors produce an organic counterpart, atomically smooth monolayers of a molecular crystal, and use this organic analogue of graphene in high-performance organic field-effect transistors. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6162 Authors: Daowei He, Yuhan Zhang, Qisheng Wu, Rui Xu, Haiyan Nan, Junfang Liu, Jianjun Yao, Zilu Wang, Shijun Yuan, Yun Li, Yi Shi, Jinlan Wang, Zhenhua Ni, Lin He, Feng Miao, Fengqi Song, Hangxun Xu, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, Jian-Bin Xu, Xinran Wang
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Whole-exome sequencing identifies OR2W3 mutation as a cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-19
    Description: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a heterogeneous group of inherited ocular diseases, is a genetic condition that causes retinal degeneration and eventual vision loss. Though some genes have been identified to be associated with RP, still a large part of the clinical cases could not be explained. Here we reported a four-generation Chinese family with RP, during which 6 from 9 members of the second generation affected the disease. To identify the genetic defect in this family, whole-exome sequencing together with validation analysis by Sanger sequencing were performed to find possible pathogenic mutations. After a pipeline of database filtering, including public databases and in-house databases, a novel missense mutation, c. 424 C 〉 T transition (p.R142W) in OR2W3 gene, was identified as a potentially causative mutation for autosomal dominant RP. The mutation co-segregated with the disease phenotype over four generations. This mutation was validated in another independent three-generation family. RT-PCR analysis also identified that OR2W3 gene was expressed in HESC-RPE cell line. The results will not only enhance our current understanding of the genetic basis of RP, but also provide helpful clues for designing future studies to further investigate genetic factors for familial RP. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep09236
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
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    Observation of a giant two-dimensional band-piezoelectric effect on biaxial-strained graphene (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: Observation of a giant two-dimensional band-piezoelectric effect on biaxial-strained graphene NPG Asia Materials 7, e154 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/am.2014.124 Authors: Xiaomu Wang, He Tian, Weiguang Xie, Yi Shu, Wen-Tian Mi, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Qian-Yi Xie, Yi Yang, Jian-Bin Xu & Tian-Ling Ren
    Print ISSN: 1884-4049
    Electronic ISSN: 1884-4057
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer Nature on behalf of The Tokyo Institute of Technology.
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  • 10
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    Entropy, Vol. 16, Pages 912-920: Thermodynamic Analysis of the V-Shaped Area of High Pressure and High Temperature in Cubic Boron Nitride Synthesis with Li3N as a Catalyst (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Entropy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-15
    Description: The possibilities of different phase transitions to cBN with Li3N as catalyst at high temperature and high pressure (1600–2200 K, 4.8–6.0 GPa) are analyzed, in the framework of the second law of thermodynamics. The Gibbs free energy (∆G) of three reactions which may happen in the Li3N-BN system: hBN + Li3N→Li3BN2, hBN→cBN, and Li3BN2→cBN + Li3N, is calculated, with the influence of high temperature and high pressure on volume included. We show that ∆G of hBN + Li3N→Li3BN2 and hBN→cBN are between −35~−10 KJ·mol−1 and −25~−19 KJ·mol−1, respectively. However, ∆G of Li3BN2→cBN + Li3N can be positive or negative. The area formed by the positive data is a V-shaped area, which covers the most part of the cBN growing V-shaped area. It confirms that Li3BN2 is stable in the P-T area of cBN synthesis, and cBN is probably transformed directly from hBN. Analysis suggests that Li3BN2 promotes the transition from hBN to cBN.
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-4300
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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