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  • 11
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    Nanoarchitectured materials composed of fullerene-like spheroids and disordered graphene layers with tunable mechanical properties (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-06
    Description: Article Type-II glass-like carbon is a widely used material with desirable physical properties for industrial applications. Here, the authors investigate its structure-property performance under compression, and propose a model to explain its unusual, and pressure-tunable, elastic and mechanical properties. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms7212 Authors: Zhisheng Zhao, Erik F. Wang, Hongping Yan, Yoshio Kono, Bin Wen, Ligang Bai, Feng Shi, Junfeng Zhang, Curtis Kenney-Benson, Changyong Park, Yanbin Wang, Guoyin Shen
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 12
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    Zinc-Triggered Hydrogelation of Self-assembled Small Molecules to Inhibit Bacterial Growth (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-14
    Description: There is a significant need to develop antibacterial materials that could be applied locally and directly to the places surrounded by large amount of bacteria, in order to address the problems of bacterial antibiotic-resistance or irreversible biofilm formation. Hydrogels are thought to be suitable candidates due to their versatile applications in biomedical field. Among them, small molecular hydrogels have been paid lots of attention because they are easy to design and fabricate and often sensitive to external stimuli. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity of metal ions are attracting more and more attention because resistance to them are not yet found within bacteria. We therefore designed the zinc ion binding peptide of Nap-GFFYGGGHGRGD, who can self-assemble into hydrogels after binds Zn2+ and inhibit the growth of bacteria due to the excellent antibacterial activity of Zn2+. Upon the addition of zinc ions, solutions containing Nap-GFFYGGGHGRGD transformed into supramolecular hydrogels composed of network of long nano-fibers. Bacterial tests revealed an antibacterial effect of the zinc triggered hydrogels on E. coli. The studied small molecular hydrogel shows great potential in locally addressing bacterial infections. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep07753
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 13
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    Acoustic velocities of pure and iron-bearing magnesium silicate perovskite measured to 25 GPa and 1200 K (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-12
    Description: Ultrasonic interferometry measurements in conjunction with in situ X-ray techniques have been used to measure compressional and shear wave velocities and densities of MgSiO3 perovskite (Mg-Pv) and Mg0.95Fe0.042+Fe0.013+SiO3 perovskite ((Mg, Fe)-Pv) in the multianvil at pressures up to 25 GPa and temperatures to 1200 K. Data for Mg-Pv are consistent with previous studies and the (Mg, Fe)-Pv sample has almost identical shear properties to Mg-Pv. The adiabatic bulk modulus, Ks, for (Mg, Fe)-Pv, however, is found to be substantially lower than Mg-Pv, with a refined value of 236 GPa and a pressure derivative of 4.7. It is proposed that this low KS value result from a change in the elasticity of Fe-bearing perovskite at low pressures
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 14
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    Phase transitions of harzburgite and buckled slab under eastern China (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: [1]  Phase relations in harzburgite have been determined between 14 and 24 GPa and 1473 and 1673 K. At 1673 K, harzburgite transformed to wadsleyite + garnet + clinopyroxene below 19 GPa and decomposed into an assemblage of ringwoodite + garnet + stishovite above 20 GPa. Certain amounts of akimotoite were produced at still higher pressures (22–23 GPa). Finally perovskite and magnesiowüstite were found to coexist with garnet at 24.2 GPa. Compositions of all the phases were analyzed and elemental partitioning coefficients were determined among co-existing phases. Combining our experimental data with available thermoelastic properties of major minerals in the earth's mantle, we modeled the velocity and density signatures of the stagnated oceanic slabs in the mantle transition zone (MTZ) under eastern China, based on kinematic slab thermal structure analysis. We examined two end-member slab models: a conventional straight slab with deformation thickening, and an undulated slab with an oscillating wavelength of 200 km. We found that an undulated (buckled) slab model yields velocity anomalies (about 1–2% for Vp) that are consistent with seismic tomography models, taking into account of low-pass filtering effects in seismic tomography studies. On the other hand, straight slab models yield velocity anomalies that are too high comparing with seismic tomography models. Our models provide important constraints on the thermal structure, mineralogy, composition, density, and velocities of slab materials in the MTZ.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 15
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    Sensors, Vol. 15, Pages 23286-23302: INS/GPS/LiDAR Integrated Navigation System for Urban and Indoor Environments Using Hybrid Scan Matching Algorithm (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-16
    Description: This paper takes advantage of the complementary characteristics of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) to provide periodic corrections to Inertial Navigation System (INS) alternatively in different environmental conditions. In open sky, where GPS signals are available and LiDAR measurements are sparse, GPS is integrated with INS. Meanwhile, in confined outdoor environments and indoors, where GPS is unreliable or unavailable and LiDAR measurements are rich, LiDAR replaces GPS to integrate with INS. This paper also proposes an innovative hybrid scan matching algorithm that combines the feature-based scan matching method and Iterative Closest Point (ICP) based scan matching method. The algorithm can work and transit between two modes depending on the number of matched line features over two scans, thus achieving efficiency and robustness concurrently. Two integration schemes of INS and LiDAR with hybrid scan matching algorithm are implemented and compared. Real experiments are performed on an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for both outdoor and indoor environments. Experimental results show that the multi-sensor integrated system can remain sub-meter navigation accuracy during the whole trajectory.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 16
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    Sustainability, Vol. 7, Pages 12947-12957: Adsorptive Removal of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics Using Bamboo Biochar (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-23
    Description: The occurrence of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in wastewater has drawn great attention. Adsorption of widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotics (enrofloxacin and ofloxacin) in wastewater using bamboo biochar was investigated. More than 99% of fluoroquinolone antibiotics were removed from the synthetic wastewater through adsorption. Adsorption capacities of bamboo biochar slightly changed when pH increased from 3.0 to 10.0. The adsorption capacity of bamboo biochar increased sharply when the initial concentration of enrofloxacin or ofloxacin increased from 1 to 200 mg L−1 and then began to plateau with further increases in initial concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity (45.88 ± 0.90 mg·g−1) was observed when the ratio of bamboo biochar to fluoroquinolone antibiotics was 10. The enrofloxacin adsorption capacity of bamboo biochar decreased from 19.91 ± 0.21 mg·g−1 to 14.30 ± 0.51 mg·g−1 while that of ofloxacin decreased from 19.82 ± 0.22 mg·g−1 to 13.31 ± 0.56 mg·g−1 when the NaCl concentrations increased from 0 to 30 g·L−1. The adsorptions of fluoroquinolone on bamboo biochar have isotherms that obeyed the Freundlich model (r2 values were in the range of 0.990–0.991).
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 17
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    Sensors, Vol. 12, Pages 12506-12518: A SPR Aptasensor for Detection of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 (2012)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-14
    Description: Rapid and specific detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) is urgently needed due to the concerns over the potential outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza in animals and humans. Aptamers are artificial oligonucleic acids that can bind specific target molecules, and show comparable affinity for target viruses and better thermal stability than monoclonal antibodies. The objective of this research was to use a DNA-aptamer as the specific recognition element in a portable Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor for rapid detection of AIV H5N1 in poultry swab samples. A SPR biosensor was fabricated using selected aptamers that were biotinylated and then immobilized on the sensor gold surface coated with streptavidin via streptavidin-biotin binding. The immobilized aptamers captured AIV H5N1 in a sample solution, which caused an increase in the refraction index (RI). After optimizing the streptavidin and aptamer parameters, the results showed that the RI value was linearly related (R2 = 0.99) to the concentration of AIV in the range of 0.128 to 1.28 HAU. Negligible signal ( 〈 4% of H5N1) was observed from six non-target AIV subtypes. The AIV H5N1 in poultry swab samples with concentrations of 0.128 to 12.8 HAU could be detected using this aptasensor in 1.5 h.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 18
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    Lithospheric and upper mantle structure of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-18
    Description: We use receiver functions calculated for data collected by the INDEPTH-IV seismic array to image the three-dimensional geometry of the crustal and upper mantle velocity discontinuities beneath northeastern Tibet. Our results indicate an average crustal thickness of 65 to 70 km in northern Tibet. In addition, we observe a 20 km Moho offset beneath the northern margin of the Kunlun Mountains, a 10 km Moho offset across the Jinsha River Suture and gently northward dipping Moho beneath the Qaidam Basin. A region in the central Qiangtang Terrane with higher than normal crustal Vp/Vs ratio of ∼1.83 can be the result of the Eocene magmatic event. In the Qiangtang Terrane, we observe a significant lithospheric mantle discontinuity beneath the Bangong-Nujiang Suture at 80 km depth which dips ∼10° to the north, reaching ∼120 km depth. We interpret this feature as either a piece of Lhasa Terrane or remnant oceanic slab underthrust below northern Tibet. We detect a ∼20 km depression of the 660-km discontinuity in the mantle transition zone beneath the northern Lhasa Terrane in central Tibet, which suggests this phase transition has been influenced by a dense and/or cold oceanic slab. A modest ∼10 km depression of the 410-km discontinuity located beneath the northern Qiangtang Terrane may be the result of localized warm upwelling associated with small-scale convection induced by the penetration of the sinking Indian continental lithosphere into the transition zone beneath the central Tibetan Plateau.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 19
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    Extreme Lake Level Changes on the Tibetan Plateau Associated With the 2015/2016 El Niño (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Although the impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is reflected through stable isotopes of precipitation and ice cores, the hydroclimate response of TP lakes to El Niño–Southern Oscillation is seldom investigated. Here we show that significant lake water deficit occurred on the central TP (CTP) due to a dramatic decrease in precipitation 2016 El Ni/2016 El Niño event, followed by extreme lake water surplus in 2016 and 2017 over most of the TP (except the eastern CTP). Similar but weaker lake shrinkage and afterward expansion can also be found during historical El Niño events. Further exploration reveals that the CTP dry anomaly during El Niño events tends to bridge the dry anomalies over India and northern China, thereby forming a dry zone along the northwestern edge of the Asian monsoon domain. This study may shed light on the prediction of lake level changes on the TP.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 20
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    A discontinuous Galerkin method for seismic wave propagation in coupled elastic and poroelastic media (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: ABSTRACT Numerical simulation in coupled elastic and poroelastic media is important in oil and gas exploration. However, the interface between elastic and poroelastic media is a challenge to handle. In order to deal with the coupled model, the first‐order velocity–stress wave equations are used to unify the elastic and poroelastic wave equations. In addition, an arbitrary high‐order discontinuous Galerkin method is used to simulate the wave propagation in coupled elastic–poroelastic media, which achieves same order accuracy in time and space domain simultaneously. The interfaces between the two media are explicitly tackled by the Godunov numerical flux. The proposed forms of numerical flux can be used efficiently and conveniently to simulate the wave propagation at the interfaces of the coupled model and handle the absorbing boundary conditions properly. Numerical results on coupled elastic–poroelastic media with straight and curved interfaces are compared with those from a software that is based on finite element method and the interfaces are handled by boundary conditions, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed scheme in dealing with coupled elastic–poroelastic media. In addition, the proposed method is used to simulate a more complex coupled model. The numerical results show that the proposed method is feasible to simulate the wave propagation in such a media and is easy to implement.
    Print ISSN: 0016-8025
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2478
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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