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  • Allelopathy  (5)
  • Springer  (5)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autointoxication mechanism ofOryza sativa (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 839-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelopathy ; autointoxication ; Oryza sativa ; rice productivity ; phytotoxicity ; phytotoxic phenolics ; top dressing ; paddy soil chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ammonium sulfate and potassium nitrate added as a top dressing and rice straw were incorporated into soil to understand their effect on the chemical nature of the paddy soil and on the growth and yield of rice plants during two successive crop seasons. Redox potential (Eh) determination indicated that the paddy soil appeared to be the reduced form in mixture with rice residues. The amounts of ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +—N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3 −—N) were significantly higher in the second crop than in the first crop, and the quantity of NH4 +—N was about 10 times greater than that of NO3 −—N. The incorporation of rice straw decreased both the available nitrogen and the soil cations, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, and Na+. The quantity of Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, and Na+ was significantly lower in the second crop that that in the first. The growth and yield of rice plants were significantly affected by cultural treatment; thus the ammonium sulfate dressing treatment resulted in higher yields than the potassium nitrate treatment. The NH4 +—N treatment had an antagonistic effect on the phytotoxic nature of rice straw decomposed in soil. The phytotoxicity (primarily phenolic type compounds) of aqueous extracts of soil varied between treatments and was significantly higher in the soil which had been mixed with rice straw. This finding correlated well with the higher amounts of phytotoxic plant phenolics produced by the decomposing rice residues in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986568
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelopathic research of subtropical vegetation in Taiwan II. Comparative exclusion of understory byPhyllostachys edulis andCryptomeria japonica (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1489-1507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelopathy ; comparative exclusion ; phytotoxins ; phytotoxic phenolics ; Phyllostachys edulis ; Cryptomeria japonica ; bamboo ; conifer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract On many hillsides of Taiwan there is a unique pattern of weed exclusion byPhyllostachys edulis (bamboo) andCryptomeria japonica (conifer) in which the density, diversity, and dominance of understory species are very different. Although the physical conditions of light, soil moisture, and soil nutrients strongly favor the growth of understory in a bamboo community, the biomass of its undergrowth is significantly low, indicating that physical competition among the understory species in the bamboo and conifer communities does not cause the observed differences. However, the biochemical inhibition revealed by these two plants appeared to be an important factor. The growth ofPellionia scabra seedlings, transplanted from the study site into greenhouse pots, was evidently suppressed by the aqueous leachate of bamboo leaves but was stimulated by that of conifer leaves. The radicle growth of lettuce, rye grass, and rice plants was also clearly inhibited by the leachate and aqueous extracts of bamboo leaves but not by those of conifer leaves. Six phytotoxins,o-hydroxyphenylacetic,p-hydroxybenzoic,p-coumaric, vanillic, ferulic, and syringic acids were found in the aqueous leachate and extracts of leaves and alcoholic soil extracts ofP. edulis, while the first three compounds were absent in the extracts ofC. japonica. The phytotoxicities of extracts were correlated with the phytotoxins present in both leaves and soils. The understory species might be variously tolerant to the allelopathic compounds produced by the two plants, resulting in a differential selection of species underneath. Therefore, comparative allelopathic effects ofPhyllostachys edulis andCryptomeria japonica may play significant roles in regulating the populations of the understories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelopathic research of subtropical vegetation in Taiwan (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1431-1448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelopathy ; weed exclusion ; Leucaena leucocephala ; phytotoxins ; mimosine ; phytotoxic phenolics ; forest plantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Leucaena leucocephala plantations in Kaoshu, southern Taiwan, exhibit, after several years of growth, a unique pattern of weed exclusion beneathLeucaena canopy. The pattern has been observed in manyLeucaena plantations in Taiwan and is particularly pronounced in the area where a substantial amount ofLeucaena litter has accumulated on the ground. Field data showed that the phenomenon was primarily not due to physical competition involving light, soil moisture, pH, and nutrients. Instead, aqueous extracts ofLeucaena fresh leaves, litter, soil, and seed exudate showed significantly phytotoxic effects on many test species, including rice, lettuce,Acacia confusa, Alnus formosana, Casuarina glauca, Liquidambar formosana, andMimosa pudica. However, the extracts were not toxic to the growth ofLeucaena seedlings. The decomposing leaves ofLeucaena also suppressed the growth of the aforementioned plants grown in pots but did not inhibit that ofLeucaena plants. By means of paper and thin-layer chromatography, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography, 10 phytotoxins were identified. They included mimosine, quercetin, and gallic, protocatechuic,p-hydroxybenzoic,p-hydroxyphenylacetic, vanillic, ferulic, caffeic, andp-coumaric acids. The mature leaves ofLeucaena possess about 5% dry weight of mimosine, the amount varying with varieties. The seed germination and radicle growth of lettuce, rice, and rye grass were significantly inhibited by aqueous mimosine solution at a concentration of 20 ppm, while that of the forest species mentioned was suppressed by the mimosine solution at 50 ppm or above. However, the growth ofMiscanthus floridulus andPinus taiwanensis was not suppressed by the mimosine solution at 200 ppm. The seedlings ofAgeratum conzoides died in mimosine solution at 50 ppm within seven days and wilted at 300 ppm within three days. It was concluded that the exclusion of understory plants was evidently due to the allelopathic effect of compounds produced byLeucaena. The allelopathic pattern was clearly shown in the area with a heavy accumulation ofLeucaena leaf litter, which was a result of drought and heavy wind influence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012362
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelopathic research of subtropical vegetation in Taiwan. IV (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2149-2159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelopathy ; phytotoxicity ; phytotoxic phenolics ; grass leachate ; Digitaria decumbens ; Brachiaria mutica ; Panicum repens ; Imperata cylindrica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The phytotoxicity of plant leachates was evaluated from four subtropical grasses:Brachiaria mutica, Digitaria decumbens, Imperata cylindrica var. Major, andPanicum repens. The aqueous leachate of each grass was used to water the growth of the four grasses in pots. The leachates exhibited variable inhibition of grass growth as compared to the tap water control. By the 41st day after treatment, the leachate ofD. decumbens significantly suppressed the growth of itself and retarded that ofB. mutica andP. repens. The growth ofB. mutica was inhibited by its own leachate, but that ofI. cylindrica was not affected by any of the grass leachates. In crop growth rate (CGR) analysis, the four grass leachates exhibited a similar inhibition pattern. In laboratory bioassays, the leachates showed a significant phytotoxic effect on the radicle growth of ryegrass and lettuce. Six phytotoxic phenolics were quantitatively compared by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the amount of compounds varied with species. The highest total amount of phytotoxic phenolics occurred inD. decumbens, followed, in decreasing order, byP. repens, B. mutica, andI. cylindrica. These findings show that the leachates of four grasses possess phytotoxic compounds that may play a significant role in grass dominance in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01207445
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The selective allelopathic interaction of a pasture-forest intercropping in Taiwan (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 98 (1987), S. 31-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Allelopathy ; Chinese fir ; Cunninghamia lanceolata ; Kikuyu grass ; Pennisetum clandestinum ; Pasture-forest intercropping ; Phenolics ; Phytotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An allelopathic interaction of a pasture-forest intercropping system was evaluated by experiments conducted in field and by laboratory assays. A study site was situated in the farm of Hoshe Forestry Experiment Station at Nantou County, Taiwan. After deforestation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), a split plot design of 4 treatments, namely litter removed, litter removed and kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) planted, litter left, and litter left and grass planted, was composed. Field meaurements showed that the fir litter left on the ground did not significantly inhibit the growth of weeds, kikuyu grass, and fir seedlings in the first four months following deforestation, while kikuyu grass significantly suppressed the growth of weeds longer than four months but did not reduce growth of fir seedlings. The aqueous extracts of fresh fir leaves, fir litter, and kikuyu leaves were bioassayed by using lettuce and rice seeds and stolon cuttings ofBrachiaria mutica. Bioassays showed that fresh fir leaves produced significant phytotoxicity while fir litter and kikuyu grass gave limited toxicity. Nine phytotoxic phenolics and many unidentified flavonoids were found in the leaf and litter of Chinese fir and kikuyu leaves. A good correlation between the degree of phytotoxicity and phytotoxins was obtained, indicating an allelopathy was involved. This finding suggests that allelopathy may contribute benefits in the intercropping system to reduce the need for herbicides and to lessen the labor cost for weed control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381725
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