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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,249)
  • MDPI Publishing  (1,195)
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermotropic behavior of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine in the presence of cytochrome c oxidase (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 883-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermotropic behavior of lipid vesicles prepared from dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine in the presence of cytochrome c oxidase has been studied by highly sensitive differential scanning microcalorimetry. This protein has a remarkable effect on the gel-liquid crystalline transition of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. In the presence of cytochrome c oxidase, the thermogram of the lipid vesicles exhibits a second endothermic peak, which is adjacent to the main lipid phase-transition peak and appears at a higher temperature. As the concentration of added protein increases, the two endothermic peaks become further separated, and the transition temperatures and the heats of transition corresponding to both endothermic peaks decrease. A greater decrease in the transition temperature at the lower-temperature peak with added protein suggests that the lower-temperature peak is more perturbed than the higher-temperature peak. The higher-temperature peak is not thermally reversible. Treatment of sample well above the transition temperature results in a reduction of the magnitude of the higher-temperature peak. The lipid-protein interaction contributing to the higher-temperature peak is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360240511
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of annealing on the thermal properties of poly(4-hydroxybenzoate-co-p-phenylene isophthalate)s (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 191 (1990), S. 1301-1309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of poly(4-hydroxybenzoate-co-p-phenylene isophthalate)s (1) was prepared by melt polycondensation of 4-acetoxybenzoic acid, p-phenylene diacetate, and isophthalic acid followed by solid state polymerization. The thermal properties of the as-made samples were found to be significantly different from the second run thermal properties. The copolyesters with the same thermal history were annealed at 270°C in the DSC at various time intervals, and the thermal properties were further determined by DSC. For different compositions, annealing had different effects on the thermal properties of the copolyesters. With increasing annealing time the transition temperature and transition heat of 1 containing 50 and 60 mol-% of monomeric units (m. u.) of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA50 and HBA60) were found to increase. The second run DSC curves of HBA40, HBA30 and HBA20 (containing 40, 30 and 20 mol-% of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid m. u.) show two endotherms; transition heat and transition temperature of the lower temperature transition increase with the annealing time, but the transition heat of the higher temperature transition decreases. Finally, only one endotherm was observed for long-time annealing. The difference in thermal properties between the as-made sample and the second run could be described as annealing effect during solid state polymerization.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1990.021910609
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The solubility of gases and volatile liquids in polyethylene and polyisobutylene at elevated temperatures (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 1145-1165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The solubility of gases and volatile liquids in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyisobutylene (PIB) at elevated temperatures has been correlated, using the experimental data available in the literature. In the present study, a Henry's constant Kp at a total pressure of approximately 1 atm defined as P1 = KPV10, where P1 is the partial pressure of the solute in the vapor phase and V10 is the solubility (cm3 solute/g polymer at 273.2 K and 1 atm), is correlated for nonpolar solutes with the following expressions: (1) For LDPE, ln(1/KP) = -1.561 + (2.057 + 1.438ω) (Tc/T)2; (2) For PIB, ln(1/Kp) = -1.347 + (1.790 + 1.568ω) (Tc/T)2, in which ω is the acentric factor and Tc the critical temperature of the solute. In obtaining the above correlations we have used 27 solutes covering 115 data points for LDPE, and 18 solutes covering 148 data points for PIB. We have calculated values of 1/Kp from the literature data reported in terms of the retention volume (Vg0), weight-fraction Henry's constant (H1), activity coefficient at infinite dilution (Ω1∞), Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ), or V10/P obtained from high pressure sorption experiments. The correlations obtained in this study permit one to estimate with reasonable accuracy the solubility of gases and volatile liquids in either LDPE or PIB, with information on the acentric factor (ω) and critical temperature (Tc) only. The relationship for LDPE is also applicable for solubilities in high-density polyethylene. Relationships for the heat of vaporization of solutes from infinitely dilute LDPE or PIB solutions are also derived from the temperature variation of 1/Kp.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300320
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular composite. II. Novel block copolymer and semi-interpenetrating polymer network of rigid polyamide and flexible polyimide (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2629-2639 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: molecular composite ; liquid-crystalline polymer ; lyotropic polyamide ; polyimide ; semi-interpenetrating polymer network ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2,2'-Dimethyl-4,4'-diamino-biphenyl was used to prepare a lyotropic amine-terminated polyamide (PBTA) prepolymer with terephthaloyl dichloride, and an amide oligomer with reactive endcaps of maleimide, respectively. The former was employed in an attempt to increase the solubility of PA/PI block copolymers, and the latter to produce a three-dimensional (isotropic) reinforced molecular composite through the technology of a semiinterpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN). PBTA prepolymer was copolymerized with an amine-terminated polyimide via a coupling reaction using terephthaloyl dichloride. The resultant block copolymers were characterized by IR, NMR, ηinh and GPC to confirm that the copolymerization reaction was precisely accomplished, as well as to determine their composition and molecular weight. Thermal analysis and lyotropic behavior were also studied for these copolymers. Rigid-rod amide oligomer was crosslinked in the presence of another flexible polyimide. Five sets of semi-IPN films were prepared under varying compositions. The curing conditions were investigated by DSC; in addition, the cured semi-IPNs exhibited a single phase (1 Tg) according to examination by an instrument for thermally stimulated current (TSC). No large-scale phase separation was observed in SEM images of the fractured surfaces. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321404
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of aromatic solvents on the photopolymerization rates of isoprene, ethyl methacrylate, and styrene (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 1539-1547 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photochemical polymerization rates of isoprene, ethyl methacrylate, and of styrene in various aromatic solvents were measured. The average lifetimes of propagating radicals were measured by the rotating sector method. The polymerization rate constants, Kp, were determined and compared with dipole moments (μ) and Hammett σ constants for the aromatic solvents. Linear correlations of log(kp/kp, benzene) vs. μ and σ were obtained.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280620
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of ethanol fermentations in membrane cell recycle fermentors (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 1105-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ethanol fermentation by yeast was carried out in a cell filtration recycle system with a hollow-fiber membrane filter. Maximum biomass concentrations up to 210 g dry wt/L were obtained, but in normal operation concentrations they were between 100 and 150 g/L. The ethanol productivity using 14% glucose feed was 85 g/L h, with an ethanol concentration of 65 g/L and an ethanol yield of over 90%. The ethanol productivity and yeast growth rate decreased as the cell concentration increased beyond a certain level. The cell mass in the reactor was maintained by a proper manipulation of diluticn rate and bleed ratio depending on the growth rate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290910
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipolytic activities of a lipase immobilized on six selected supporting materials (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 132-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Six different types of materials including PVC, chitosan, chitin, agarose, Sepharose, and Trisacryl were evaluated for their lipase-coupling efficiencies. Among those tested, chitosan yielded the highest amount of lipase (79 mg/mL packed gel) immobilized but with lowest oil hydrolytic activity (0.03 mg eq/mL gel). The amount of lipase immobilized was affected by the length of the hydrocarbon chain attached to the PVC matrix but not by the pore size of the supports used. On the other hand, the specific activity of the immobilized lipase was affected by the pore size but not by the chain length of the hydrocarbon attached to the support. After immobilization, the optimal reaction pH was shifted from 7.5 to 8.5 and the optimal reaction temperature from 35 to 45-55°C. Lipase immobilized on PVC exhibited higher thermal stability than that on agarose. The half-life of the PVC immobilized lipase operating at 30°C in a packed-bed reactor was estimated to be about 400 h.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260350204
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Destruction and removal of toluene and MEK from gas streams with silent discharge plasmas (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 1325-1330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effectiveness of applying silent discharge plasmas (SDP) for destroying and removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gas streams is experimentally evaluated with a laboratory-scale reactor. The VOCs selected for study include toluene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Direct collision with energetic electrons and reaction with generated gas-phase radicals are two major mechanisms responsible for destruction and removal of VOCs from gas streams. Operating parameters investigated include applied voltage, gas residence time, and temperature and composition of the gas stream. Experimental results indicate that the removal efficiency of toluene and MEK achieved with SDP can be enhanced by operating the system at a higher gas temperature and applied voltage due to the generation of more energetic electrons and radicals. O2 is essential for removing VOCs from gas streams with SDP. More than 80% removal efficiencies were achieved with this system for both toluene and MEK. SDP can potentially serve as an alternative control technology for removing VOCs from gas streams.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430521
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive control of dissolved oxygen concentration in a bioreactor (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 597-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new adaptive DO (dissolved oxygen) concentration control algorithm considering DO electrode dynamics with response time delay has been developed. A system model with two time-varying parameters was used to relate the DO concentration with two control variables: air flow rate and agitation speed. Parameters of this model were estimated on-line using a regularized constant trace recursive least-squares method. An extended Kalman filter was used to remove the effect of noises from the DO concentration measurements and thus to improve control performance. A discrete one-step ahead control scheme was adopted to determine control actions based on the parameter estimation results. Experimental results showed that the new adaptive DO concentration control algorithm performed better than other algorithms tested, a PID controller and adaptive algorithms without the DO electrode dynamics.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370702
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of microbial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) recover using dispersions of sodium hypochlorite solution and chloroform (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 256-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; PHB recovery ; sodium hypochlorite ; chloroform ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Optimization was carried out for the recovery of microbiol poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) from Alcaligenes eutrophus. This process involved the use of a dispersion made of sodium hypochlorite solution and chloroform. The dispersion enabled us to take advantage of both differential digestion by hypochlorite and solvent extraction by chloroform. The PHB recovery (%) from cell powder was maximized using a 30% hypochlorite concentration, a 90-min treatment time, and a 1:1 (v/v) chloroform-to-aqueous-phase ratio. Under these optimal conditions, the recovery was about 91% and the purity of recovered PHB was higher than 97%. The number average molecular weight, Mn of recovered PHB was about 300,000 and the weight average molecular weight Mw was about 1,020,000, compared to the original Mn of 530,000 and Mw of 1,272,000. The moderate decrease in both Mn and Mw might be ascribed to the shielding effect of chloroform. In addition, the relatively small decrease in Mw probably resulted from the loss of short PHB chains which might be water soluble. The crystallinity of recovered PHB was in the range of 60 to 65%although a slightly higher crystallinity was observed when the dispersion was used. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440215
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