Publication Date:
2010-01-30
Description:
Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) generates vitamin K hydroquinone to sustain gamma-carboxylation of many blood coagulation factors. Here, we report the 3.6 A crystal structure of a bacterial homologue of VKOR from Synechococcus sp. The structure shows VKOR in complex with its naturally fused redox partner, a thioredoxin-like domain, and corresponds to an arrested state of electron transfer. The catalytic core of VKOR is a four transmembrane helix bundle that surrounds a quinone, connected through an additional transmembrane segment with the periplasmic thioredoxin-like domain. We propose a pathway for how VKOR uses electrons from cysteines of newly synthesized proteins to reduce a quinone, a mechanism confirmed by in vitro reconstitution of vitamin K-dependent disulphide bridge formation. Our results have implications for the mechanism of the mammalian VKOR and explain how mutations can cause resistance to the VKOR inhibitor warfarin, the most commonly used oral anticoagulant.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2919313/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2919313/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Weikai -- Schulman, Sol -- Dutton, Rachel J -- Boyd, Dana -- Beckwith, Jon -- Rapoport, Tom A -- GMO41883/PHS HHS/ -- K99 HL097083/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL097083-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K991K99HL097083/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R00 HL097083/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM041883/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 28;463(7280):507-12. doi: 10.1038/nature08720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. weikai@crystal.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animals
;
Anticoagulants
;
Bacterial Proteins/chemistry
;
Catalytic Domain
;
Disulfides/chemistry
;
Drug Resistance/genetics
;
Electron Transport
;
Humans
;
Membrane Proteins/chemistry
;
Mixed Function Oxygenases/*chemistry/genetics
;
*Models, Molecular
;
Protein Structure, Tertiary
;
Synechococcus/*enzymology
;
Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases
;
Warfarin
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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