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  • Books  (10)
  • thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology  (6)
  • aging  (4)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (10)
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  • Books  (10)
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  • 1
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    Long-Term Health Effects of the 9/11 Disaster (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, also referred as 9/11, was an iconic event in US history that altered the global and political response to terrorism. The attacks, which involved two planes hitting the twin towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, resulted in the collapse of the buildings and over 2800 deaths of occupants of the buildings, fire, police and other responders and persons on the street in the vicinity of the collapsing buildings. The destroyed towers and the surrounding buildings have since been replaced but the health effects that resulted from the release of tons of dust, gases and debris as well as the life threat trauma are ongoing, and represent a major health burden among persons directly exposed. Hundreds of scientific publications have documented the physical and mental health effects attributed to the disaster. The current state-of-the-art in understanding the ongoing interactions of physical and mental health, especially PTSD, and the unique mechanisms by which pollutants from the building collapse, have resulted in long term pulmonary dysfunction, course of previously reported conditions, potential emerging conditions (e.g., heart disease and autoimmune diseases), as well as quality of life, functioning and unmet health care needs would be in the purview of this Special Issue on the 9/11 Disaster.
    Keywords: B1-5802 ; n/a ; asthma outcomes ; health insurance ; mental health ; handgrip strength ; WTC ; cognitive reserve ; disaster epidemiology ; surveillance bias ; cardiac sarcoidosis ; lung function ; lung injury ; treatment utilization ; injury ; Cox regression ; lower Manhattan residents ; chronic sinusitis ; social support ; indoor allergens sensitization ; respiratory function ; FDNY ; asthma control ; sarcoidosis ; asthma ; 9/11 impact ; physical health ; rescue/recovery workers ; chronic disease ; evidence-based treatment ; irritant(s) ; fibrosis ; unmet mental health care needs ; airway hyperreactivity ; asthma quality of life ; Short Form-12 (SF-12) ; WTC-related asthma ; longitudinal analysis ; forced oscillation ; thyroid cancer ; psychotherapy ; cognitive decline ; 9/11 disaster ; severe lung disease ; prevalence ; inflammation ; pulmonary function tests ; World Trade Center disaster ; disaster mental health ; epidemiological studies ; obstructive sleep apnea ; counseling ; sleepiness ; PTSD ; hazard function ; cleaning practices ; air pollution ; aging ; stressful life events ; airway physiology ; screening ; PTSD cluster ; latent class analysis ; retirement ; environmental health ; World Trade Center ; quality improvement ; pulmonary fibrosis ; WTC attack ; dust ; PCL score ; WTC responders ; mini asthma quality of life questionnaire ; biomarkers ; HQoL ; health-related quality of life ; Scadding stage ; 9/11 ; firefighters ; allergen exposure ; metabolic syndrome ; neuropathic symptoms ; small airway disease ; Asian Americans ; asthma morbidity ; PTSD symptom change ; WTC survivors ; trigger(s) ; World Trade Center exposure ; occupational exposure ; peripheral neuropathy ; disaster ; respiratory symptoms ; mental health treatment ; genetics ; mental health service utilization ; comorbid insomnia ; sleep-related quality of life ; World Trade Center attack ; immunoglobulin E ; mental health service use ; income loss ; paresthesia ; World Trade Center (WTC) ; fibrotic sarcoid ; depression ; post-disaster ; mental health conditions ; extrathoracic sarcoidosis ; medical imaging ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Nonlinear Dynamics and Entropy of Complex Systems with Hidden and Self-excited Attractors (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, entropy has been used as a measure of the degree of chaos in dynamical systems. Thus, it is important to study entropy in nonlinear systems. Moreover, there has been increasing interest in the last few years regarding the novel classification of nonlinear dynamical systems including two kinds of attractors: self-excited attractors and hidden attractors. The localization of self-excited attractors by applying a standard computational procedure is straightforward. In systems with hidden attractors, however, a specific computational procedure must be developed, since equilibrium points do not help in the localization of hidden attractors. Some examples of this kind of system are chaotic dynamical systems with no equilibrium points; with only stable equilibria, curves of equilibria, and surfaces of equilibria; and with non-hyperbolic equilibria. There is evidence that hidden attractors play a vital role in various fields ranging from phase-locked loops, oscillators, describing convective fluid motion, drilling systems, information theory, cryptography, and multilevel DC/DC converters. This Special Issue is a collection of the latest scientific trends on the advanced topics of dynamics, entropy, fractional order calculus, and applications in complex systems with self-excited attractors and hidden attractors.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; S-Box algorithm ; empirical mode decomposition ; service game ; existence ; hyperchaotic system ; static memory ; complex-variable chaotic system ; neural network ; fractional-order ; permutation entropy ; adaptive approximator-based control ; BOPS ; Bogdanov Map ; complex systems ; Thurston’s algorithm ; parameter estimation ; fractional discrete chaos ; full state hybrid projective synchronization ; self-excited attractor ; stability ; PRNG ; inverse full state hybrid projective synchronization ; entropy measure ; chaos ; chaotic flow ; multistable ; core entropy ; multiscale multivariate entropy ; multistability ; new chaotic system ; strange attractors ; chaotic systems ; spatial dynamics ; spectral entropy ; resonator ; stochastic (strong) entropy solution ; multichannel supply chain ; Hubbard tree ; approximate entropy ; circuit design ; coexistence ; sample entropy ; chaotic maps ; chaotic map ; Gaussian mixture model ; entropy ; laser ; Non-equilibrium four-dimensional chaotic system ; multiple attractors ; projective synchronization ; hidden attractors ; hidden attractor ; chaotic system ; entropy analysis ; self-excited attractors ; multiple-valued ; self-reproducing system ; implementation ; unknown complex parameters ; optimization methods ; image encryption ; generalized synchronization ; uncertain dynamics ; fractional order ; nonlinear transport equation ; external rays ; Lyapunov exponents ; inverse generalized synchronization ; fixed point ; uniqueness ; electronic circuit realization ; synchronization ; Hopf bifurcation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    DNA Replication Stress (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) is dedicated to the mechanisms mediated at the molecular and cellular levels in response to adverse genomic perturbations and DNA replication stress. The relevant proteins and processes play paramount roles in nucleic acid transactions to maintain genomic stability and cellular homeostasis. A total of 18 articles are presented which encompass a broad range of highly relevant topics in genome biology. These include replication fork dynamics, DNA repair processes, DNA damage signaling and cell cycle control, cancer biology, epigenetics, cellular senescence, neurodegeneration, and aging. As Guest Editor for this IJMS Special Issue, I am very pleased to offer this collection of riveting articles centered on the theme of DNA replication stress. The blend of articles builds upon a theme that DNA damage has profound consequences for genomic stability and cellular homeostasis that affect tissue function, disease, cancer, and aging at multiple levels and through unique mechanisms. I thank the authors for their excellent contributions, which provide new insight into this fascinating and highly relevant area of genome biology.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; Werner Syndrome ; n/a ; A549 cells ; epigenetic ; neurodegeneration ; Genome integrity ; adaptation ; cellular senescence ; genome instability ; Werner Syndrome Protein ; lipofuscin ; cell cycle checkpoints ; exonuclease 1 ; template-switching ; energy metabolism ; mutation frequency ; DNA replication ; fork regression ; motor neuron disease ; Microsatellites ; Alzheimer’s disease ; chromatin remodeler ; repair of DNA damage ; AP site analogue ; mutagens ; replication timing ; Thermococcus eurythermalis ; nucleolar stress ; gene expression ; mutations spectra ; origin firing ; Fanconi Anemia ; superfamily 2 ATPase ; DNA translocation ; DNA repair ; SSB signaling ; homologous recombination ; common fragile sites ; 8-chloro-adenosine ; replication ; genome stability ; mutagenicity ; fork reversal ; multiple sclerosis ; non-B DNA ; protein stability ; heterogeneity ; ubiquitin ; SenTraGorTM (GL13) ; replication restart ; EdU ; ?-arrestin ; NER ; aging ; SSB end resection ; oxidative stress ; ATR ; dormant origins ; R loops ; DNA damage response ; Difficult-to-Replicate Sequences ; DNA double-strand repair ; endonuclease IV ; ALS ; double strand break repair ; premature aging ; replication stress ; EXO1 ; POL? ; translesion synthesis ; strand displacements ; G2-arrest ; DNA replication pattern ; SSB repair ; genome integrity ; G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 2 (GIT2) ; MMR ; replicative stress ; senolytics ; spacer ; interactome ; ATR-Chk1 DDR pathway ; C9orf72 ; replication fork restart ; translesion DNA synthesis ; DNA damage ; mismatch repair ; DNA replication stress ; DNA helicase ; Polymerase kappa ; DNA fiber assay ; H1299 cells ; TLS ; APE2 ; ageing ; cell death ; chromosome ; TopBP1 ; barley ; clock proteins ; post-translational modification ; 8-oxoG ; S phase ; ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) ; G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ; Polymerase eta ; cancer ; G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) ; helicase ; genomic instability ; Parkinson’s disease ; nucleotide excision repair ; SupF ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Microgrids (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Electrical power systems are evolving at the generation, transmission, and distribution levels. At distribution level, small generating and storage units—the so-called distributed energy sources (DERs)—are being installed close to consumption sites. The expansion of DERs is empowering renewable energy source integration and, as a consequence, new actors are appearing in electrical systems. Among them, the prosumer is a game-changer; the fruit of the behavior transformation of the consumer who has not only the ability to consume power but also to produce it. Microgrids can be understood as DER installations that have the capability of both grid-connected and grid-isolated operation. During the last decades, there has been a significant deployment of microgrids (e.g., in countries like the United States, Switzerland, and Denmark) and a consequent increase in renewable energy generation. This is contributing to the decarbonization of electrical power systems. However, the variability and intermittency of renewable sources introduce uncertainty, which implies a more complex operation and control. Taking into account that existing and future planned microgrids are being/going to be interconnected to the current electrical network, challenges in terms of design, operation, and control at power system level need to be addressed, considering existing regulations.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; energy management system ; buck-boost converter ; generic object oriented substation event (GOOSE) communication ; stochastic optimization ; optimal dispatch ; decision tree ; coordinated control ; optimization ; congestion problems ; distributed optimization ; IEC 61850 Standard ; distributed energy resources (DERs) ; technical and economic optimization ; reliability evaluation ; power quality disturbances ; renewable ; DC microgrid ; HESS ; ruleless EV ; extension theory ; network planning ; integrated electrical and thermal grids ; reliability ; photovoltaic feasibility ; flexibility ; microgrid test facility ; microgrid ; multiresolution ; small-scale standalone microgrid ; IEC 61850 ; direct search method (DSM) ; maximum electrical efficiency ; load frequency control (LFC) ; droop control ; flexible generation ; grid independence ; frequency control ; particle swarm optimization ; battery storage ; microgrid stability controller (MSC) ; doubly fed induction machine ; coordinative optimization of energy ; power distribution ; hierarchical control scheme ; grounding ; operation ; electric energy market ; nonlinear programming ; cost and life ; total sliding-mode control ; distributed energy resource ; vehicle information system ; peak-cut ; smoothing wind power ; genetic algorithm ; medium-voltage networks ; vehicle-to-grid ; devices scheduling ; microgrids ; energy storage ; electric vehicle ; energy efficiency ; active filter ; embedded system ; multivariable generalized predictive control (MGPC) ; load power sharing ; flywheel energy storage (FES) ; renewable sources ; telecommunication power management ; micro-grid ; smart inverter ; distributed generation ; storage systems ; electric vehicle (EV) ; microgrid (MG) ; mesh configuration ; residential users ; renewable energy source ; radial configuration ; S-transform ; optimal power flow ; solid oxide fuel cell ; vehicle-to-grid (V2G) ; communication delay ; current harmonic reduction ; smart grids ; inrush current ; flexible and configurable architecture ; optimal capacity ; ESS effective rate ; smart grid ; multi-agent ; distributed energy resources ; regular EV ; peak-shift ; datacenter ; deterministic optimization ; plug and play ; chaos synchronization detection ; residential power systems ; power quality ; combined power generation system ; DC distribution ; isolated grid ; coordinated control strategy ; DC architectures ; predictive control ; demand-side management ; distributed generation (DG) ; curtailment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Advances in Integrated Energy Systems Design, Control and Optimization (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In the face of climate change and resource scarcity, energy supply systems are on the verge of a major transformation, which mainly includes the introduction of new components and their integration into the existing infrastructures, new network configurations and reliable topologies, optimal design and novel operation schemes, and new incentives and business models. This revolution is affecting the current paradigm and demanding that energy systems be integrated into multi-carrier energy hubs. It is highly increasing the interactions between today’s energy systems at various scales and future intelligent energy systems, which are able to incorporate an increasing amount renewable energy sources. This transformation is also accommodating active participation of end-users as responsive prosumers at different scales which in turn helps to reduce energy costs and to mitigate carbon footprints. This book covers the mentioned promising and dynamic areas of research and development, and reports on contributions in design, control and optimization of integrated energy systems. The contents of the book which are gathered based on the accepted articles in the special issue on Advances in Integrated Energy systems Design, Control and Optimization also covers a variety of topics, ranging from operation and control of small-scale electrical networks to the complex energy systems design and planning.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; Risk Modeling and Management ; Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Development ; Energy Internet ; Optimization Techniques ; Energy Hubs ; Integrated Energy Systems ; Hierarchical Control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 6
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    Intrinsically Biocompatible Polymer Systems (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Biocompatibility refers to the ability of a biomaterial to perform its desired function with respect to a medical therapy, without eliciting any undesirable local or systemic effects in the recipient or beneficiary of that therapy, but generating the most appropriate beneficial cellular or tissue response in that specific situation, and optimizing the clinically relevant performance of that therapy, which reflects current developments in the area of intrinsically biocompatible polymer systems. Polymeric biomaterials are presently used as, for example, long-term implantable medical devices, degradable implantable systems, transient invasive intravascular devices, and, recently, as tissue engineering scaffolds. This Special Issue welcomes full papers and short communications highlighting the aspects of the current trends in the area of intrinsically biocompatible polymer systems.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA401-492 ; n/a ; hemocompatibility ; tissue engineering ; biocompatible nanoparticles ; enzymatic polymerization ; hyaluronan derivatives ; food-supplement ; X-ray microtomography ; water sorption ; degradation ; drug delivery ; ion-releasing materials ; HepaRG cells ; silk fibroin ; poly(benzyl malate) ; hyaluronan applications ; pluronic F127 ; thermal properties ; cyclohexanone ; solution behavior ; In vitro biosafety ; cosmetic ; osteoblasts ; chemical polymerization ; temporin ; electrospraying ; biodegradability ; cancer diagnosis ; extraction ; contrast agent ; mechanical properties ; biocompatible polymers ; ATRP ; biodegradable nano/microparticles ; hydrolytic degradation ; physicochemical properties ; PEEK copolymer synthesis ; cell uptake ; nanohydroxyapatite ; ionic liquids ; Chitosan ; crosslinking ; bone tunnel enlargement ; porous beads ; drug delivery systems ; biological activity ; PEEK composite ; activation energy of thermal decomposition ; citropin ; MRI ; biodegradable polymers ; chitooligosaccharide ; PHB ; human macrophages ; hyaluronic acid ; scaffolds ; Spine cage application ; physico-chemical properties ; shrinkage stress ; polyurethane ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; SPION ; cytotoxicity ; septic arthritis ; hydroscopic expansion ; hyaluronan synthases ; ?-butyrolactone ; folate receptor ; molecular weight ; photoelastic investigation ; functionalization ; star polymers ; saliva ; controlled release ; chloroform ; release characteristics ; konjac glucomannan ; microcarriers ; anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction ; hyaluronidases ; biopolymers ; polylactide ; Poly (l-lactic) acid ; antimicrobial peptides ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 7
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    Optoelectronic Nanodevices (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: During the last decade, novel graphene related materials (GRMs), perovskites, as well as metal oxides and other metal nanostructures have received the interest of the scientific community. Due to their extraordinary physical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties, which are correlated with their 2D ultrathin atomic layer structure, large interlayer distance, ease of functionalization, and bandgap tunability, these nanomaterials have been applied in the development or the improvement of innovative optoelectronic applications, as well as the expansion of theoretical studies and simulations in the fast-growing fields of energy (photovoltaics, energy storage, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, catalysis, etc.), electronics, photonics, spintronics, and sensing devices. The continuous nanostructure-based applications development has provided the ability to significantly improve existing products and to explore the design of materials and devices with novel functionalities. This book demonstrates some of the most recent trends and advances in the interdisciplinary field of optoelectronics. Most articles focus on light emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells (SCs), including organic, inorganic, and hybrid configurations, whereas the rest address photodetectors, transistors, and other well-known dynamic optoelectronic devices. In this context, this exceptional collection of articles is directed at a broad scientific audience of chemists, materials scientists, physicists, and engineers, with the goals of highlighting the potential of innovative optoelectronic applications incorporating nanostructures and inspiring their realization.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; graphene oxide ; textured silicon solar cells ; n/a ; high-efficiency ; CdTe microdots ; piezo-phototronic effect ; electromagnetically induced transparency effect ; waveguide photons ; light output power ; hole injection ; ternary organic solar cells ; UV LEDs ; cathodoluminescence ; V-pits ; quantum confinement effect ; nano-grating ; metamaterials ; Ga2O3 ; tunneling ; transmittance ; graphene ink ; perovskite solar cells ; counter electrode ; nucleation layer ; Ag film ; AlGaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diode ; color-conversion efficiency ; PeLEDs ; photoelectric performance ; photocurrent ; charge transfer ; double-layer ITO ; green LED ; liquid crystals ; photovoltaics ; electrowetting ; oxidation ; Fowler–Nordheim ; field emission ; excitation wavelength ; functionalization ; quantum dots ; gold split-ring ; cascade effect ; erbium ; transparent conductive electrode ; compact ; plasmon resonance ; air-processed ; FDTD ; prism-structured sidewall ; sheet resistance ; GaN ; Ti porous film ; stability ; flip-chip mini-LED ; flexible substrate ; actively tunable nanodevices ; green LEDs ; metasurfaces ; antireflective coating (ARC) ; NiCo2S4 nanotubes ; InN/p-GaN heterojunction ; InGaN/GaN superlattice ; OAB ; graded indium composition ; plasmonics ; polymer composites ; photomultiplication ; cold cathode ; solvent ; solar cells ; controllable synthesis ; tunable absorbers ; interface ; graphene ; silicon transistor ; colorimetry ; light extraction ; reduced graphene oxide ; pinhole pattern ; indium nanoparticles (In NPs) ; graphene split-ring ; organic solar cell ; light-emitting diode ; organic ; plasmonic forward scattering ; smooth ; subwavelength metal grating ; perovskite ; photoluminescence ; mid infrared ; polarization analyzer ; transparent electrode ; external quantum efficiency ; LED ; light-emitting diodes ; photodetector ; p-type InGaN ; quantum efficiency ; 2D perovskite ; quantum dot ; orthogonal polarization ; current spreading ; localized surface plasmon ; Schottky barrier ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 8
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    MEMS Accelerometers (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices are widely used for inertia, pressure, and ultrasound sensing applications. Research on integrated MEMS technology has undergone extensive development driven by the requirements of a compact footprint, low cost, and increased functionality. Accelerometers are among the most widely used sensors implemented in MEMS technology. MEMS accelerometers are showing a growing presence in almost all industries ranging from automotive to medical. A traditional MEMS accelerometer employs a proof mass suspended to springs, which displaces in response to an external acceleration. A single proof mass can be used for one- or multi-axis sensing. A variety of transduction mechanisms have been used to detect the displacement. They include capacitive, piezoelectric, thermal, tunneling, and optical mechanisms. Capacitive accelerometers are widely used due to their DC measurement interface, thermal stability, reliability, and low cost. However, they are sensitive to electromagnetic field interferences and have poor performance for high-end applications (e.g., precise attitude control for the satellite). Over the past three decades, steady progress has been made in the area of optical accelerometers for high-performance and high-sensitivity applications but several challenges are still to be tackled by researchers and engineers to fully realize opto-mechanical accelerometers, such as chip-scale integration, scaling, low bandwidth, etc.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; micromachining ; n/a ; turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate ; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) piezoresistive sensor chip ; WiFi-RSSI radio map ; step detection ; built-in self-test ; regularity of activity ; motion analysis ; gait analysis ; frequency ; acceleration ; MEMS accelerometer ; zero-velocity update ; rehabilitation assessment ; vacuum microelectronic ; dance classification ; Kerr noise ; MEMS ; micro machining ; MEMS sensors ; stereo visual-inertial odometry ; self-coaching ; miniaturization ; wavelet packet ; three-axis acceleration sensor ; MEMS-IMU accelerometer ; performance characterization ; electrostatic stiffness ; delaying mechanism ; three-axis accelerometer ; angular-rate sensing ; indoor positioning ; whispering-gallery-mode ; sensitivity ; heat convection ; multi-axis sensing ; L-shaped beam ; stride length estimation ; activity monitoring ; process optimization ; mismatch of parasitic capacitance ; electromechanical delta-sigma ; cathode tips array ; in situ self-testing ; high acceleration sensor ; deep learning ; marine environmental monitoring ; accelerometer ; fault tolerant ; hostile environment ; micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) ; low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) ; classification of horse gaits ; Taguchi method ; interface ASIC ; capacitive transduction ; digital resonator ; safety and arming system ; inertial sensors ; MEMS technology ; sleep time duration detection ; field emission ; probe ; piezoresistive effect ; capacitive accelerometer ; auto-encoder ; MEMS-IMU ; body sensor network ; optical microresonator ; wireless ; hybrid integrated ; mode splitting ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Biochar as Soil Amendment: Impact on Soil Properties and Sustainable Resource Management (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The role of biochar in improving soil fertility is increasingly being recognized and is leading to recommendations of biochar amendment of degraded soils. In addition, biochars offer a sustainable tool for managing organic wastes and to produce added-value products. The benefits of biochar use in agriculture and forestry can span enhanced plant productivity, an increase in soil C stocks, and a reduction of nutrient losses from soil and non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, biochar composition and properties and, therefore, its performance as a soil amendment are highly dependent on the feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. In addition, due to its characteristics, such as high porosity, water retention, and adsorption capacity, there are other applications for biochar that still need to be properly tested. Thus, the 16 original articles contained in this book, which were selected and evaluated for this Special Issue, provide a comprehensive overview of the biological, chemicophysical, biochemical, and environmental aspects of the application of biochar as soil amendment. Specifically, they address the applicability of biochar for nursery growth, its effects on the productivity of various food crops under contrasting conditions, biochar capacity for pesticide retention, assessment of greenhouse gas emissions, and soil carbon dynamics. I would like to thank the contributors, reviewers, and the support of the Agronomy editorial staff, whose professionalism and dedication have made this issue possible.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; nutrient ; essential oil quality ; heavy metals ; mean residence time ; soil physics ; crop growth ; gas exchange attributes ; pyrolysis ; greenhouse experiment ; water retention ; qPCR ; Ultisols ; soil carbon dynamics ; composted solid digestate ; activated charcoal ; excessive compost application ; bacterial 16S rRNA gene ; yield attributes ; field experiment ; soil fertility ; nutrient cycling ; grapevine planting material ; germination ; nutrient concentration ; global warming ; soil chemical properties ; containerized production systems ; water stress ; sesame ; hydrochar ; soil health ; biochar-ash pellet ; gene expression ; vineyard by-products ; leaf chlorosis ; slow pool ; biochar ; archaeal 16S rRNA gene ; pore property ; soil organic matter ; hormone ; rice yields ; acidic undernourished soil ; biochar particle size ; fallen leaves ; soil physical properties ; pesticides ; soil amendments ; wheat ; paper mill sludge ; quality index ; biosolids ; dairy manure ; cropping ; Pelargonium graveolens ; solid digestate ; nitrogen ; thermochemical property ; biofertilizers ; jatropha ; 13C NMR ; fertilizer ; pyrochar ; incubation ; rice husk biochar ; arid region ; activated carbon ; aging ; soil chemistry ; desert soil ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    Water Intake, Body Water Regulation and Health (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The purpose of this Special Issue, “Water Intake, Body Water Regulation, and Health”, is to present novel reviews and experimental data regarding hydration physiology and its implication in overall health. Water has previously been dubbed the forgotten nutrient due to humans’ and animals’ ability to subsist seemingly unchanged across a wide range of daily water intakes. However, with the introduction of stressors such as exercise, diseased states, and/or chronic high or low water intake, the homeostatic signals related to body water regulation can influence organ and whole-body health. This Special Issue will discuss water intake, the scientific rationale surrounding the U.S. and European water intake guidelines, homeostatic mechanisms, diseases related to dysfunction of water regulation, and differences in the volume and the vehicle in which the water is contained (i.e., plain water versus mixed beverages) on water intake during and following exercise. The aim is to continue discussion surrounding water, the previously forgotten nutrient, and highlight the importance of water in daily life.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; n/a ; modeling ; adaptation ; pollution ; perception ; heat stress ; assessment ; body composition ; polydipsia ; environmental stressors ; deuterium ; children ; water-electrolyte balance ; dehydration ; big data ; obesity ; climate change ; hydration factor and Hispanic Americans ; water ; thermoregulation ; rehydration ; fluid replacement ; hydration ; chronic disease ; acute kidney injury ; chronic kidney disease ; blood pressure regulation ; exercise ; electrolytes ; euhydration ; database ; water intake ; drinking water ; vascular function ; skin blood flow ; sympathetic nervous system ; oral rehydration therapy ; water restriction ; ultraviolet radiation ; hyponatremia ; DNA ; NHANES ; aging ; sweating ; hypohydration ; body water ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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