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  • 1
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    Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: New Advances and Future Challenges (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Cyanobacteria are a group of ubiquitous photosynthetic prokaryotes. Their occurrence has been increasing worldwide, due to anthropogenic activities and climate change. Several cyanobacterial species are able to synthesize a high number of bioactive molecules, among them, cyanotoxins (microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, nodularin, etc.), which are considered a health concern. For risk assessment of cyanotoxins, more scientific knowledge is required to perform adequate hazard characterization, exposure evaluation and, finally, risk characterization of these toxins. This Special Issue “Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: New Advances and Future Challenges” presents new research or review articles related to different aspects of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, and contributes to providing new toxicological data and methods for a more realistic risk assessment.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RA1190-1270 ; method validation ; sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) ; arctic ; Cylindrospermopsin ; Microcystin-LR ; 16S rRNA gene ; astaxanthin ; secondary metabolites ; shotgun metagenomic sequencing ; time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay ; Histopathological evaluation ; cyanobacterial thresholds ; akinetes ; nutrient enrichment ; benthic mats ; cylindrospermopsin ; drinking water treatment plant ; blue-green algae supplements ; lettuce ; genotoxicity ; exposure ; bacterial community ; PCR ; microcystin-LR ; marine natural compounds ; ELISA ; [d-Leu1]Microcystin-LR ; Paracentrotus lividus ; tadpoles ; apoptosis ; 16S rRNA gene sequencing ; PSP toxins ; marine cyanobacteria ; hemolytic essay ; energy budget ; bioassays ; anatoxin-a ; Lithobates catesbeianus ; mixture ; reproductive toxicity ; cyanobacteria ; taste-and-odor compounds ; Procambarus clarkii ; drinking water ; saxitoxin ; resveratrol ; harmful algal blooms ; cytotoxicity ; phylogenetic analyses ; Yangtze estuary ; microcystin ; mutagenicity ; detection ; Artemia salina ; water source ; cyanotoxins ; microcystins ; in vitro ; marine sponges ; microcystin-LR (MC-LR) ; UPLC-MS/MS ; reservoir ; microbial metabolisms ; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae ; monoclonal antibody ; oxidative stress ; Nostocales ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    The Impact of Altered Timing of Eating, Sleep and Work Patterns on Human Health (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Some 20% of the population is required to work outside the regular 9:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. working day, and this number is likely to increase as economic demands push work hours into the night for many companies. These irregular schedules mean workers often have to sleep during the day and be awake at night. This causes a misalignment between normal day-light entrained internal physiological processes, such as metabolism and digestion, and the external environment. As a direct consequence, night workers have poorer health than day workers, even after controlling for lifestyle and socioeconomic status. The purpose of this Special Issue is to highlight the interrelationships between timing of food intake and diet quality with sleep and work patterns in humans with an emphasis on randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses of data from published studies.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; Shiftwork and dietary patterns ; sleep and work ; Sleep and dietary factors ; Diet quality ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The cytoplasm of Gram-negative bacteria is bound by three layers: an inner membrane, a layer of peptidoglycan, and an outer membrane. The outer membrane is an asymmetric lipidic bilayer, with phospholipids on its inner surface and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) on the outside, with the latter being the major component of the outer leaflet and covering nearly three-quarters of the total outer cell surface. All LPSs possess the same general chemical architecture independently of bacterial activity (pathogenic, symbiotic, commensal), ecological niche (human, animal, soil, plant, water), or growth conditions. Endotoxins are large amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophilic polysaccharide component and a covalently bound hydrophobic and highly conserved lipid component, termed lipid A (the endotoxin subunit). The polysaccharide component can be divided into two subdomains: the internal and conserved core region as well as the more external and highly variable O-specific chain, also referred to as the O-antigen due to its immunogenic properties. LPSs are endotoxins, one of the most potent class of activators of the mammalian immune system; they can be released from cell surfaces of bacteria during multiplication, lysis, and death. LPS can act through its biological center (lipid A component) on various cell types, of which macrophages and monocytes are the most important.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; LAL and LER ; cornea ; Aeromonas ; tear fluid ; protein dynamics ; O-antigen ; Plesiomonas shigelloides ; lipopolysaccharide induced TNF? factor ; hepcidin ; pJNK ; rat ; Proteus penneri ; lipid A ; LPS tolerance ; iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) ; MALDI-TOF MS ; outer core oligosaccharide ; inhibitor design ; phagosome ; lipopolysaccharide ; NMR spectroscopy ; Bordetellae ; respiratory syncytial virus ; dendritic cell ; MAT ; GT-B ; polysorbate ; Edwardsiella tarda ; LPS ; innate immune ; d-galactan I ; inflammation ; aspirin ; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ; collagen ; heptosyltransferase ; rhinovirus ; serum resistance ; hypothalamic inflammation ; NMR ; IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway ; glycosyltransferase ; toll-like receptor ; core oligosaccharide ; Coxiella burnetii ; virenose ; oxidative stress ; ESI FT-ICR ; endotoxin ; Salmonella ; P65 (nuclear factor-?B) ; nitric oxide (NO) ; allergic respiratory disorder ; bacteria ; adhesion molecule ; ESI MSn ; endotoxaemia ; HR-MAS ; double-stranded RNA ; epithelial cell ; mouse ; lipopolysaccharide stimulation ; complement ; inner core oligosaccharide ; LPS aggregates ; Q fever ; O-acetylation ; sepsis ; chemokine ; hygiene hypothesis ; anti-conjugate serum ; structural determination ; Small Angle X-ray Scattering ; genomics ; mass spectrometry ; keratocyte ; insulin resistance ; Low Endotoxin Recovery ; phase transitions ; Megalobrama amblycephala ; Bordetella holmesii ; Erwinia amylovora ; structure ; time response ; fibroblast ; genomic ; sialic acid ; ESI MS ; reptile-associated salmonellosis ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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