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  • Zea mays  (6)
  • sunflower  (6)
  • Springer  (11)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (1)
  • Wiley
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  • Springer  (11)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (1)
  • Wiley
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The lifestyle of humans is rapidly changing, and, correspondingly, their needs and the current and future megatrends of the food market. It is worth mentioning (1) the preference for natural, simple, and flexible diets that drive the further expansion of plant-focused formulations, (2) the focus on food sustainability (food waste reduction), and (3) the interest in healthy eating as the basis for good health. The hectic routine and rapid urbanization in developed and developing regions, respectively, have shifted consumer preferences toward bread and baked foods, which, interestingly, are often high in sugars and are categorized as having a high glycemic index. Therefore, it is of major importance to address the technological challenges of manufacturing baked goods with high physical and sensory quality that result in positive metabolic responses. This Special Issue seeks to provide fundamental understanding in this area and novel strategies to improve the nutritional properties of baked goods, including a decrease in starch bioaccessibility, sugar reduction, increase in fiber and/or protein content, and the improvement of phytochemical bioactivity. This Special Issue will also cover studies on the physical and sensory improvements of baked goods that may provide a mechanistic understanding to minimize the loss of quality after the incorporation of nutritional-improving ingredients, such as edible byproducts, proteins, or fibers. Last but not least, studies focused on the reduction of additives (clean label) or fat and on the use of sourdough to improve the sensory properties of baked goods will also be included.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; particle size ; n/a ; tempering ; maize bread ; pea ; bakery products ; antinutritional factors ; nutrition knowledge ; baking ; chia ; analytical quality ; antioxidant capacity ; protein enrichment ; mucilage ; cookie ; bakery ; cereals ; sustainability ; amylopectin ; germination ; functional foods ; maize flour ; sensory QDA ; shortening ; upcycled food by-products ; pulses ; processing ; fermentation ; sesame ; glycemic response ; sieve ; flaxseed ; Mixolab ; bio-technological processing ; ?-amylase ; TPA ; high-amylose ; baking activity ; defatted sunflower seed flour ; gluten-free ; wheat–flaxseed composite ; protein digestibility ; bran ; pseudocereals ; legume fortification ; digestion ; flour refinement ; consumer ; milk lipids ; bread ; biscuits ; air classification ; faba bean ; whole grains ; retrogradation ; intermediate wheatgrass ; lentil ; sunflower ; chickpea ; colour ; protein content ; sensory evaluation ; valorisation ; amylose ; fat replacer ; fortification ; principal component analysis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: A. chroococcum ; Seed inoculation ; Zea mays ; Acetylene reduction assay ; Yield response ; Associative N2 fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings of Zea mays were grown in agricultural soils under aseptic and non-sterile conditions. Acetylene reduction activity and microbial counts were determined after 7 and 30 days of growth. Irrespective of the soil type Azotobacter spp. were commonly isolated under maize cultivation. Inoculation of agricultural soils with a suspension of A. chroococcum led to an increase in Azotobacter numbers, although this effect diminished with time. Nitrogenase activity was detected on maize roots and increased in response to the inoculation with A. chroococcum, showing that this associative growth could be of primary importance for the plant. The results of assays for acetylene reduction activity indicated that the nitrogenase activity was associated only with the root systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: A. chroococcum ; Zea mays ; Yield response ; Fertilizer N ; Inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field experiments were conducted during 1985 and 1986 to examine the effect of Azotobacter chroococcum on the grain yield of maize. Application of 40 kg N ha−1 plus A. chroococcum caused a significant increase in maize yield. Azotobacter inoculation was more efficient at lower doses (40 kg N ha−1) than at high doses (80 kg N ha−1) of urea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsUstilago maydis ; Zea mays ; Corn smut ; Meiosis ; Cell cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The heterobasidiomycetes responsible for plant smuts obligatorily require their hosts for the completion of the sexual cycle. Accordingly, the sexual cycle of these fungi could so far be studied only by infecting host plants. We have now induced Ustilago maydis, the causative agent of corn smut, to traverse the whole life cycle by growing mixtures of mating-compatible strains of the fungus on a porous membrane placed on top of embryogenic cell cultures of its host Zea mays. Under these conditions, mating, karyogamy and meiosis take place, and the fungus induces differentiation of the plant cells. These results suggest that embryogenic maize cells produce diffusible compounds needed for completion of the sexual cycle of U. maydis, as the plant does for the pathogen during infection.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Transactivation ; Zea mays ; VP16 ; Nuclear receptors ; Heliothis EcR/GR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transformation with a chimeric receptor containing the glucocorticoid transactivation and DNA-binding domains fused to an ecdysteroid receptor ligand-binding domain permits ecdysone agonist-inducible gene expression in monocotyledonous plant cells. The inducible system is based on the specific activation of a chimeric receptor containing the ligand-binding domain of the Heliothis virescens ecdysteroid receptor and the inducer RH5992 (a 20-hydroxyecdysone agonist). RH5992 is an non-steroidal agrochemical with a high specificity for lepidopteran ecdysone receptors. Addition of RH5992 to transformed cells results in high levels of inducible expression in a ligand-specific manner, particularly when the effector receptor is coupled to the strong transactivator VP16. A chimeric construct containing the Drosophila ecdysone ligand-binding domain failed to activate reporter gene activity with RH5992, while activation was observed in the presence of muristeroneA. The system described provides the basis for an inducible gene expression system that is compatible with agricultural use.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: elicitor ; hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Hrgp (hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein) gene codes in maize for one of the most abundant proteins of the cell wall. HRGPs may contribute to the structural support of the wall and they have also been involved in plant defense mechanisms. This second aspect has been tested for the Hrgp gene in maize where, in contrast with the situation in dicot species, the gene is encoded by a single-copy sequence. Hrgp mRNA accumulation is induced in maize suspension-cultured cells by elicitors, isolated either from maize pathogenic or non-pathogenic fungi. The induction of Hrgp mRNA accumulation by elicitor extracted from Fusarium moniliforme has been studied in detail. The level of induction depends on elicitor concentration and remains high until at least 24 h. Ethylene and protein phosphorylation appear to be involved in the transduction pathway of Hrgp gene activation by the F. moniliforme elicitor but not by 5 µM methyl jasmonate or 1 mM salycilic acid. Different compounds known to participate in plant stress responses such as ascorbic acid or reduced glutathione have also a positive effect on Hrgp mRNA accumulation.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus ; fatty acids ; palmitic acid ; X-ray mutagenesis ; seed oil ; sunflower
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A new sunflower mutant, CAS-12, was obtained, which has both high palmitic (≈30%) and high oleic acid contents, and also a substantial amount of palmitoleic acid (≈7%). The mutant was selected after X-ray irradiation of dry seeds of the inbred line BSD-2-423, which had normal palmitic (≈3%) and high oleic (≈88%) acid levels. The increase of palmitic and palmitoleic acids occurred at the expense of the oleic acid content, which decreased to around 55% in respect to the original line. Linoleic acid content is always under 5%. Palmitic and palmitoleic acid levels were similar to those of the high palmitic mutant CAS-5 obtained in a previous programme from a low oleic line isogenic to BSD-2-423 using a similar mutagenic treatment. In that previous programme we also selected three high stearic acid mutants using chemical mutagenic treatment on the same sunflower line (RDF-1-532). We attempted to obtain mutants in other lines but were unsuccessful. The isolation of similar mutants in isogenic parental lines illustrates the importance of the genetic background in the development of specific mutants with an altered seed oil fatty acid composition. The oil of this mutant will increase the range of potential uses of sunflower oil.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azotobacter chroococcum ; phytohormones ; root exudates ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Growth ofAzotobacter chroococcum in N-free medium was stimulated in the presence of maize root exudates. Our results show that the production of auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins were significantly stimulated when maize root exudates from 7 to 30 d old plants were added to the culture media.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus ; sunflower ; oleic acid content ; linoleic acid content ; genetical analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sunflower lines breeding true for very high oleic acid content in their oil (average levels higher than 85%) were crossed with standard sunflower lines with mean oleic acid levels of 30%. Analysis of the oil of F1 seeds indicated dominance for high oleic levels and control of the genotype of the embryo. Segregating generations were obtained selfing heterozygous high oleic BCnF1 plants from several generations of a backcrossing program to incorporate the high oleic character to standard inbred lines and testcrossing these plants to low oleic material. Analysis of F2 and testcrossed seeds showed three kind of segregations, in both F2 and testcrossed populations, with different proportions of low, intermediate and high oleic types. Genetic analysis of these data supported the hypothesis, that the high oleic character is controlled by three dominant complementary genes OL1, OL2 and OL3. Additional data showing F1 seeds with intermediate oleic content and segregations for high oleic in progenies of intermediate types, suggest the presence of major factors modifying high oleic acid content.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus L. ; drought conditions ; rainfed yield ; sunflower ; heritability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The definition of a suitable breeding strategy in drought-prone environments is an important task for sunflower breeders. To achieve this task, reliable information on heritability and gene effects on yield and related traits under these conditions is necessary. Thirty six sunflower hybrids were produced by factorial cross of six male-sterile and six restorer lines. Parents and their hybrids were evaluated in eight environments. Six environments consisted of two adjacent trials in the experimental area, the first under irrigation and the second under dryland conditions, during 1987, 1988 and 1992. The other environments were: one early planting trial in dryland conditions, conducted during 1987, and a winter trial planted in January during 1988. Estimates of female variance (σf) were significant for seeds per head, seed weight, head sterile center, days to blooming and oil content. Female × male interactions (σ2 fm) were significant for all characters except harvest index and index of susceptibility to drought. Estimates of narrow sense heritabilities, calculated with information from analyses combined across environments, were 0.65 for yield, 0.80 for seeds per head, 0.84 for seed weight, 0.81 for head diameter, 0.60 for sterile head center, 0.72 for oil content, 0.61 for harvest index, 0.72 for biomass, 0.94 for days to bloom, and 0.42 for drought susceptibility index. Heritability estimates for individual environments showed more variation for yield than for other traits. Estimates for heritability of canopy temperature were high (0.68–0.79). Rainfed yield was positively correlated with yield components and negatively correlated with canopy temperature and susceptibility index. It is concluded that an efficient breeding strategy for sunflower under moderate drought-stressed conditions is the simultaneous selection for seed yield in both rainfed and irrigated environments together with selection for canopy temperature and stem diameter.
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