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  • Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute  (6)
  • Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)  (2)
  • 1
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    Predicting the Soil Moisture Characteristic Curve from Particle Size Distribution with a Simple Conceptual Model (2011)
    Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-01
    Description: Indirect methods for predicting the soil moisture characteristic curve (SMC) from the particle size distribution (PSD) often rely on empirical coefficients, which limits their applicability to independent data sets. We have developed a robust simple PSD-based conceptual SMC prediction model and evaluated the model performance through comparisons with the Haverkamp and Parlange (HP) and Arya and Paris (AP) models. Following the AP model, we divided the PSD into n size fractions where each fraction contained spherical particles whose packing state is described by a parameter. The moisture content is subsequently calculated from the PSD and measured saturated moisture content. The packing state is estimated from particle and bulk densities. The suction head is predicted based on the particle size, assuming a linear relationship between the suction head and packing state. Our results showed that the model can adequately predict the SMC as measured in 80 soils selected from the UNSODA database. It was also shown that the proposed model provides better predictions of SMC than the AP or HP models. The model underestimates the moisture content in the dry range of the SMC. We attribute this bias to the incomplete desorption of residual water coated on soil particles or water retained within nonspherical particles with high surface energy contents. We conclude that the main advantage of our model is the robustness and independency of model performance on soil type, allowing improving predictions of SMC from PSD at larger watershed scales.
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-1663
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
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  • 2
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    Analysis of Flow Rate Dependency of Solute Transport in an Undisturbed Inceptisol (2011)
    Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-01
    Description: We investigate the flow rate dependency of solute transport within an undisturbed monolithic soil core, collected in an Inceptisol. Through a series of nine controlled steady-state solute breakthrough experiments, flow rate dependency of solute transport was elucidated using the general transfer function (GTF) modeling theory. We first observed that the apparent dispersion coefficient increases with depth and flow rate. We also observed that the flow regime is rather a convective-dispersive (CD) process at low flow rates and a stochastic-convective (SC) process at high flow rates. At intermediate flow rates, the flow regime could not be described with either CD or SC processes. To better understand the mechanisms of altering flow regime at intermediate flow rates, a dye tracer experiment was conducted. Results show that preferential flow is initiated at intermediate flow rates. We hypothesize that the mixing of solutes between stream tubes decreases when flow rate increases, due to the decrease of the tortuosity of solute flow paths and the initiation of preferential flow through macropores.
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-1663
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
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  • 3
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    Investigate effects of temperature, salinity, light duration, density and cannibalism on growth and survival of tilapia larvae in brackish water, Bafq (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This project was conducted in five independent experiments in appropriate tanks with suitable aeration and water fellow. Temperature: an experiment designed to evaluate the effect of temperature on growth and survival of tilapia fry by using four thermal regimes consist of 22, 25, 28 and 31 °c in three replicates. Fries with initial wight of .014 g were stocked in plastic container with 10 liter capacity at the rare of 5/liter. Fish were fed on rainbow trout commercial food at a rate of 30 % of biomass 5 times per day. The results showed that some growth indices such as final body weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and weight gain increased by increasing water temperature significantly. Although fry survival increased by increasing temperature but these differnces were not significant. the results suggest that in larviculture of Nile tilapia water temperatue should not be less than 28°c. Density: compressibility of Nile tilapia fry was studied by using plastic container with 13 liter capacity. Fry with initial weigh of .034 g were stocked in four treatments 10, 15, 20 and 30 fry/l with four replicates. They fed on rainbow trout food according to their biomass five times per day during the light period. The results showed that some growth indices such as average of final body weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and survival decreased by increasing stocking density significantly, while feed conversion rate increased by increasing stocking density. Considering the experiment, it could be suggested that lower stocking density (10/l) resulted the best growth efficiency and survival of Nile tilapia fry. On the other hand, compering the results of growth and survival rate(84%) in two stocking densites(15 and 20/l) showed that it is passible to culture Nile tilapia fry at the stocking density of 20fry/l in suitable condition. Salinity: A study conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity on growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia fry by using six salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 ppt) with three replicates. Fry fed on rainbow trout food five times per day during the light period. Results showed that some growth indices such as average of final body weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and survival rate increased by increasing salinity levels up to 8 ppt significantly, and then decreased by increasing salinity levels up to 20 ppt. according to the experiment, it seems that larviculture of Nile tilapia in brackish water is available and the best results achives at 8 ppt. considering the results of growth and survival rate at 16 ppt showed that Salinity up to 16 ppt was tolerable, although reduced the growth and survival of Nile tilapia fry. Photoperiod: the objective of this study was to examine the effects of photoperiod on growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia fry by planning four treatments (6L:18D, 12L:12D, 18L:6D and 24L:0D) and four replicates. Light provided by tow fluorescent lamps those set at a distance of 60 cm above the tanks and worked by an automatic timer. Fry fed on rainbow trout food five times per day. Results showed that average of final body weight, daily growth rate and specific growth rate were loest in 6L:18D and these indices increased by increasing light duration. these differences were not significant among 6L:18D and 12L:12D. but the differences between 6L:18D with 18L:6D and 24L:0D were significant. Evaluation of survival rate showed that photoperiod did not significant effect on survival in all treatments. These finding suggests that a 12L:12D cycle be adequate in case of larval rearing. Cannibalism: An experiment designed to determine the occurrence of cannibalism among 5 different size groups of (5, 10, 20 and 30 g with fry 0.45 g) Nile tilapia population (fry / fingerling) under two stocking densities (1 / 2 and 1 / 4 fingerling / fry) with three replicates in the poly etilen tanks in brackish water condition. Fry were counted at 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours after stocking in two methods (feeding and no feeding). In the feeding trial fingerling were fed on rainbow trout food two times per day. The results showed that cannibalism became more intense as the size difference increased. After passing time cannibalism rate increased. Also results showed increasing fry density causes increasing cannibalism in both treatments (feeding and without feeding). Feeding fingerlings (predator) was effective in reducing cannibalism.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus ; Fry ; Temperature ; Stocking density ; Salinity ; Photo period ; Cannibalism ; Brackish Water ; Growth ; Survival ; Tilapia ; Larvae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 48pp.
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  • 4
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    Improvement of Black Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Diets with Replacement of Low-Cost, Native Materials (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Fish meal production has been fixed in the world because of a limitation in fish stocks. On the other hand, demand of fish meal is growing daily and consequent the cost, too. Therefor, attention to the other protein sources is nessesary. Some plant protein sources, especially oilseeds, have valuable potentials for replacing fish meal because of relative high production in the world and Iran and low cost. According to existing information and availability, cottonseed meal and canola meal were selected as oilseeds; and Azolla was considered whether to be controlled in north provinces of Iran as weed. Growth indices (WG and SGR), food (FCR) and protein efficiency (PER and PCE) of fingerling Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were evaluated in 3 synchronous examinations with 12 treatments and 36 replications. Groups of control, canola meal (at rates of 25, 50, 75 and 100%), cottonseed meal (at rates of 15, 25, 35 and 45%), as the replacements of expensive protein sources (fish meal and soybean meal), and azolla (at rates of 13, 21 and 29% of diet) were studied. Growth indices, total food intake and protein intake of control group were higher than all diets contained plant protein sources. They decreased with plant protein increasing in every grous, separagely (p〈0.05). FCR and protein efficiency indices didn’t show any significant differences (p〉0.05) between control and canola meal (at rates of 25 and 50%), cottonseed meal (at rates of 15, 25 and 35%) and azolla (at rates of 13 and 21%). All plant protein ingredients were unpalatable, and consequent total food intake, protein consumption and growth decreased. It will be expected that Canola meal and cottonseed meal replace expensive protein sources at the rates of 50 and 35% respectively, and azolla use at the rate of 21% in diets If the problem in palatability solves.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Diet ; Black tilapia ; Replacement ; Low-cost and native materials ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Material
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 57pp.
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  • 5
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    Determine optimal diet for rearing black tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Bafgh brackish water (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25408 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:06:40 | 25408 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Tilapia is one of African native fishes has been introduced to many thermal and temperate regions in the world for second part of twentieth century. First, intensive culture system dependes on complete and wide information in nutrition requirements, specially protein as most expensive nutrient; second, the importance of tilapia in future of Iran; and third, lipid as first non-protein energy source that is so influent and it’s unsufficient values affect negatively on growth and protein requirement, make us to investigating the protein and lipid requirement of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus to achive a convience diet causing most economical interest by maximum growth and minimum feed conversion ratio. This experiment performed in Bafgh Inland Saline Water Fish Research Station. It was planned in four protein (15, 22, 29 and 36%) and three lipid (5, 9 and 13%) levels in factorial system. Thirty six 300 l tanks with 150 l water and 3 l/min water flow used for 12 treatments with triplicates. 15 male Nile tilapia fingerlings (13.94±0.88 g) kept in every tank and fed near satiation during 8 weeks experiment. There was any significant different in survival in all treatments. Growth performance (WG & SGR), feed and protein efficiency (FCR & C and PER & PCE respectively) improved with increasing proein level until 29%, however, significant positive effect was not observed by lipid increasing. Then, best economical protein and lipid level for convinienc growth performance and protein and lipid efficiency is 29 and 5% respectively. In 5% lipid, maximum growth and protein efficiency appears between 33.9 to 35.3% protein according to the mathematical method (polynomiyal curve).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bafgh ; Optimal diet ; Rearing ; Black tilapia ; Brackish water
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 54
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  • 6
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    Investigate effects of temperature, salinity, light duration, density and cannibalism on growth and survival of tilapia larvae in brackish water, Bafq (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25669 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 08:35:41 | 25669 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This project was conducted in five independent experiments in appropriate tanks with suitable aeration and water fellow. Temperature: an experiment designed to evaluate the effect of temperature on growth and survival of tilapia fry by using four thermal regimes consist of 22, 25, 28 and 31 °c in three replicates. Fries with initial wight of 0.14 g were stocked in plastic container with 10 liter capacity at the rare of 5/liter. Fish were fed on rainbow trout commercial food at a rate of 30 % of biomass 5 times per day. The results showed that some growth indices such as final body weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and weight gain increased by increasing water temperature significantly. Although fry survival increased by increasing temperature but these differnces were not significant. the results suggest that in larviculture of Nile tilapia water temperatue should not be less than 28°c. Density: compressibility of Nile tilapia fry was studied by using plastic container with 13 liter capacity. Fry with initial weigh of .034 g were stocked in four treatments 10, 15, 20 and 30 fry/l with four replicates. They fed on rainbow trout food according to their biomass five times per day during the light period. The results showed that some growth indices such as average of final body weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and survival decreased by increasing stocking density significantly, while feed conversion rate increased by increasing stocking density. Considering the experiment, it could be suggested that lower stocking density (10/l) resulted the best growth efficiency and survival of Nile tilapia fry. On the other hand, compering the results of growth and survival rate(84%) in two stocking densites(15 and 20/l) showed that it is passible to culture Nile tilapia fry at the stocking density of 20fry/l in suitable condition. Salinity: A study conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity on growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia fry by using six salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 ppt) with three replicates. Fry fed on rainbow trout food five times per day during the light period. Results showed that some growth indices such as average of final body weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and survival rate increased by increasing salinity levels up to 8 ppt significantly, and then decreased by increasing salinity levels up to 20 ppt. according to the experiment, it seems that larviculture of Nile tilapia in brackish water is available and the best results achives at 8 ppt. considering the results of growth and survival rate at 16 ppt showed that Salinity up to 16 ppt was tolerable, although reduced the growth and survival of Nile tilapia fry. Photoperiod: the objective of this study was to examine the effects of photoperiod on growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia fry by planning four treatments (6L:18D, 12L:12D, 18L:6D and 24L:0D) and four replicates. Light provided by tow fluorescent lamps those set at a distance of 60 cm above the tanks and worked by an automatic timer. Fry fed on rainbow trout food five times per day. Results showed that average of final body weight, daily growth rate and specific growth rate were loest in 6L:18D and these indices increased by increasing light duration. these differences were not significant among 6L:18D and 12L:12D. but the differences between 6L:18D with 18L:6D and 24L:0D were significant. Evaluation of survival rate showed that photoperiod did not significant effect on survival in all treatments. These finding suggests that a 12L:12D cycle be adequate in case of larval rearing. Cannibalism: An experiment designed to determine the occurrence of cannibalism among 5 different size groups of (5, 10, 20 and 30 g with fry 0.45 g) Nile tilapia population (fry / fingerling) under two stocking densities (1 / 2 and 1 / 4 fingerling / fry) with three replicates in the poly etilen tanks in brackish water condition. Fry were counted at 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours after stocking in two methods (feeding and no feeding). In the feeding trial fingerling were fed on rainbow trout food two times per day. The results showed that cannibalism became more intense as the size difference increased. After passing time cannibalism rate increased. Also results showed increasing fry density causes increasing cannibalism in both treatments (feeding and without feeding). Feeding fingerlings (predator) was effective in reducing cannibalism.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bafq ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Fry ; Temperature ; Stocking density ; Salinity ; Photo period ; Cannibalism ; Brackish Water ; Growth ; Survival ; Tilapia ; Larvae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 48
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Improvement of black tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets with replacement of low-cost, native materials (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25501 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 07:08:41 | 25501 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Fish meal production has been fixed in the world because of a limitation in fish stocks. On the other hand, demand of fish meal is growing daily and consequent the cost, too. Therefore, attention to the other protein sources is nessesary. Some plant protein sources, especially oilseeds, have valuable potentials for replacing fish meal because of relative high production in the world and Iran and low cost. According to existing information and availability, cottonseed meal and canola meal were selected as oilseeds; and Azolla was considered whether to be controlled in north provinces of Iran as weed. Growth indices (WG and SGR), food (FCR) and protein efficiency (PER and PCE) of fingerling Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were evaluated in 3 synchronous examinations with 12 treatments and 36 replications. Groups of control, canola meal (at rates of 25, 50, 75 and 100%), cottonseed meal (at rates of 15, 25, 35 and 45%), as the replacements of expensive protein sources (fish meal and soybean meal), and azolla (at rates of 13, 21 and 29% of diet) were studied. Growth indices, total food intake and protein intake of control group were higher than all diets contained plant protein sources. They decreased with plant protein increasing in every grous, separagely (p〈0.05). FCR and protein efficiency indices didn’t show any significant differences (p〉0.05) between control and canola meal (at rates of 25 and 50%), cottonseed meal (at rates of 15, 25 and 35%) and azolla (at rates of 13 and 21%). All plant protein ingredients were unpalatable, and consequent total food intake, protein consumption and growth decreased. It will be expected that Canola meal and cottonseed meal replace expensive protein sources at the rates of 50 and 35% respectively, and azolla use at the rate of 21% in diets If the problem in palatability solves.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Diet ; Black tilapia ; Replacement ; Low-cost and native materials ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Material
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 57
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Determine Optimal Diet for Rearing Black Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Bafgh Brackish Water (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Tilapia is one of African native fishes has been introduced to many thermal and temperate regions in the world for second part of twentieth century. First, intensive culture system dependes on complete and wide information in nutrition requirements, specially protein as most expensive nutrient; second, the importance of tilapia in future of Iran; and third, lipid as first non-protein energy source that is so influent and it’s unsufficient values affect negatively on growth and protein requirement, make us to investigating the protein and lipid requirement of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus to achive a convience diet causing most economical interest by maximum growth and minimum feed conversion ratio. This experiment performed in Bafgh Inland Saline Water Fish Research Station. It was planned in four protein (15, 22, 29 and 36%) and three lipid (5, 9 and 13%) levels in factorial system. Thirty six 300 l tanks with 150 l water and 3 l/min water flow used for 12 treatments with triplicates. 15 male Nile tilapia fingerlings (13.94±0.88 g) kept in every tank and fed near satiation during 8 weeks experiment. There was any significant different in survival in all treatments. Growth performance (WG & SGR), feed and protein efficiency (FCR & C and PER & PCE respectively) improved with increasing proein level until 29%, however, significant positive effect was not observed by lipid increasing. Then, best economical protein and lipid level for convinienc growth performance and protein and lipid efficiency is 29 and 5% respectively. In 5% lipid, maximum growth and protein efficiency appears between 33.9 to 35.3% protein according to the mathematical method (polynomiyal curve).
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Optimal diet ; Rearing ; Black tilapia ; Brackish water
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 54pp.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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