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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-06-24
    Description: Ammonia (NH 3 ) is the primary alkaline gas in the atmosphere that contributes to formation of secondary particles. Emission of NH 3 from vehicles, particularly gasoline powered light duty vehicles equipped with three-way catalysts, is regarded as an important source apart from emissions from animal wastes and soils, yet measured emission factors for motor vehicles are still not available in China, where traffic-related emission has become an increasingly important source of air pollutants in urban areas. Here we present our tunnel tests for NH 3 from motor vehicles under ‘real world conditions’ in an urban roadway tunnel in Guangzhou, a central city in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in south China. By attributing all NH 3 emissions in the tunnel to light-duty gasoline vehicles, we obtained a fuel-based emission rate of 2.92 ± 0.18 g L −1 and a mileage-based emission factor of 229.5 ± 14.1 mg km −1 . These emission fac...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2018-12-20
    Description: Fuel combustion calculation is an important basic work of boiler performance test and analysis. During the process of combustion calculation, solving excess air ratio and actual volume of dry flue gas are key objectives. Current method is to firstly calculate excess air ratio, then calculate actual volume of dry flue gas. And in order to solve excess air ratio, almost all fue gas composition need to be measured, which will not only increase the workload of measurement, but also reduce the accuracy of calculation results. To this end, a new combusion calculating method is proposed in this paper which solves actual dry flue gas ratio through oxygen content in flue gas, thus actual volume of dry flue gas is calculated. Finally, the excess air ratio is obtained through acutal volume of dry flue gas. By the new method, the flue gas composition measure items can be reduced to only oxygen content, but it will not reduce the precision of combustion calculation.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-11-06
    Description: In power plants of steel mills, the performance of pulverized coal and blast-furnace gas co-fired boilers was tested according to GB/T10184-2015 “Performance test code of utility boiler”. However, the calculation and analysis models in this code are mainly based on conventional fuels. Besides, the special properties of blast furnace gas were not taken into account. Therefore, the code GB/T10184-2015 is not suitable to be directly used for pulverized coal and blast furnace gas co-fired boilers. According to the differences between co-fired boilers and conventional boilers, the key points for calculating the performance of co-fired boilers were analyzed on the basis of GB/T10184-2015, and the corresponding improved methods were proposed, in view of fuel composition conversion, combustion calculation, coal feed rate, exhaust gas temperature value, and pollutant emission concentration conversion. The results can provide reference for the performance test of such boilers, with certai...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-11-30
    Description: GNSS carrier phase time transfer use PPP technology generally, has become the satellite two-way time comparison (TWTFT) widely used high precision time comparison method, due to its simple equipment, high precision, the global time become the important means of backup TWTFT of lab.An un-differenced carrier phase time transfer method between stations is proposed. Using the relations between un-differenced observation equations which established through common view satellites, the results of the satellite clock offset and interstation time transfer can be calculated jointly. It is not limited by the accuracy and real-time performance of the satellite clock. As long as there is enough total station between apparent between satellite can gain standing time transfer as result, the precision clock difference from satellite product precision and real limit, time pass accuracy can reach the nanosecond level, good real-time, more suitable for real-time and high precision time transfer. E...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-07-03
    Description: Experimental results are presented on the particulate matter emissions from a fixed bed combustion reactor chamber combusting two types of ambient dried biomass fuels, six different particle sizes (0.044-0.149mm) in seven different temperature zones (600-1200 ºC).The fuel was ground into various particle sizes and the temperature of combustion was varied for investigation on the emission due from the various parameters. Measurements were made for particulate matter (PM) during the whole phase of combustion by a portable soot analyzer. The PM investigated here is total catch that includes solid particles of elemental carbon and fuel and condensed organic compounds due from incomplete combustion which are less than or equal to 10µm in aerodynamic diameter. The fuel was ground by a grinder and sieved into different sizes by a shake sieve with various mesh sizes. It was found that the PM emission from both biomass fuels was significantly dependent on the temperature of combustion wh...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-06-14
    Description: The sand particles in the sand - rock composite slope of the open pit mine occurs creep deformation and fatigue liquefaction under the action of vehicle load vibration and hydraulic gradient, which causes landslide geological disasters and it destroys the surface environment. To reveal the mechanism, a mechanics model based on the model considering the soil structural change with a new “plastic hinge” element is developed, to improve its constitutive and creep curve equations. Data from sand creep experiments are used to identify the parameters in the model and to validate the model. The results show that the mechanical model can describe the rotation progress between the sand particles, disclose the negative acceleration creep deformation stage during the third phase, and require fewer parameters while maintaining accuracy. It provides a new creep model considering rotation to analyze sand creep mechanism, which provides a theoretical basis for revealing the open pit mine lands...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-12-19
    Description: Water-logging and flood are both serious in hilly and semi-mountainous cities of China, but the related research is rare. Lincheng Economic Development Zone (EDZ) in Hebei Province as the typical city was selected and storm water management model (SWMM) was applied for flood simulation in this study. The regional model was constructed through calibrating and verifying the runoff coefficient of different flood processes. Different designed runoff processes in five-year, ten-year and twenty-year return periods in basic scenario and in the low impact development (LID) scenario, respectively, were simulated and compared. The result shows that: LID measures have effect on peak reduction in the study area, but the effectiveness is not significant; the effectiveness of lagging peak time is poor. These simulation results provide decision support for the rational construction of LID in the study area, and provide the references for regional rain flood management.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-08-08
    Description: Mercury pollution and emission from natural gas processing industry has gradually received worldwide concern. Basic data and references are important for pollution control and environmental risk management. For this purpose, the solubility and the dissolving characteristics of mercury in the natural gas dehydrating solvents (methanol, mono-ethylene glycol and tri-ethylene glycol in particular) were studied at a temperature range from 253K to 373K. The dissolution experiments were carried out in the dissolving kettle and mercury concentration was analyzed by cold-vapor atomic absorption technique (CVAAS). The experimental results indicated that the solubility of mercury in these solvents showed an increasing trend with increased temperature, whereas decreased with decreasing solvent concentration. The results would be useful for the research on the distribution of mercury in the natural gas processing and provide basis for the prevention and control of mercury pollution.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-02-14
    Description: In this paper, inverse temperature crystallization and top-seed solution growth method are used to grow high-quality perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (I, Br) single crystal. The maximum crystal diameter is 6 mm for CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , and 3 mm for CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 . The results of XRD show that the crystals are tetragonal structure for CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , cubic crystal orientation for CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 . What is more, crystals exhibit excellent stability in air and can be maintained for eight months. Furthermore, the crystal growth processes are described in detail. The results demonstrate that CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 single crystal growth is more sensitive to the environment.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Description: The method of ultrasonic dispersion was adopted to prepare reactive materials of Al-MnO 2 flame jet thermite with different components, which was aimed at experimental research about factors on the melt-through effects of Al-MnO 2 flame jet thermite. Based on the single factor experiment, the disposal experiment of the steel plates with 3mm thickness had been carried out. According to the phenomena of experiments, there were many advantages with the form of powder cylindrical charge such as better ignition performance, faster burning rate and firmer combustion process. The charge with the 40um particle size of Al powder and 30-40um particle size of MnO 2 had the best melt-through ability which could penetrate the steel plates with ranging from 1.5cm to 3cm aperture by contrasting and analyzing melt-through effects and molten zones. By contrasting and analyzing melt-through effects and molten zones, it was significant to analyze the accounts for the ...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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