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  • 1
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    Enhanced formation of aerobic granular sludge with yellow earth as nucleating agent in a sequencing batch reactor (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-03
    Description: Enhanced formation of aerobic granulation was investigated by adding yellow earth as a nucleating agent in a sequencing batch reactor with a constant setting time of 10 min. As a result, granules with an average diameter over 1 mm were obtained on the 4th day. The mature granules behaved better than the seed sludge in the water content, specific gravity, sludge volume index, settling velocity, and specific oxygen uptake rate. The yellow earth stimulated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances, especially proteins. Both chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen had a removal rate over 90%, and more than 80% of the total inorganic nitrogen was removed even under aeration conditions due to simultaneous denitrification. The enhancement effects of the yellow earth might be based on the unique physicochemical characteristics and short settling time. A settling time of 10 min or more turned out not to be a prerequisite for a rapid granulation process.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    The distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in typical water system of North China (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-09-01
    Description: The temporal and spatial distribution of PAHs in surface-water from the typical rivers of North China was investigated. PAHs in typical rivers ranged from n.d. to 1.98 ng/L. LMW PAHs (2 and 3-ring) were abundant in surface water with high detection frequencies in Beisanhe River, while HMW PAHs (4 and 6-ring) were abundant in Luanhe River. Specific PAHs with its ratios were measured in order to deduce the possible sources of PAHs contaminant. The results indicate that the PAHs were from combustion processes in Beisanhe River, while PAHs were from petroleum products in Luanhe River.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 3
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    Preliminary investigation on the occurrence of several sulfonamide antibiotics in the Haihe River Basin of China (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-09-01
    Description: Several samples collected from lakes, rivers and reservoirs in Haihe river basin of China were analyzed for 8 sulfonamide antibiotics by using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). All water samples were enriched with HLB extraction cartridges. The antibiotics were separated by gradient elution with methanol as the mobile phase adding 0.1% formic acid. The eluate was then analyzed by the mode of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.4-1.0 ng/L and 1.0-3.0 ng/L respectively. The method was used for the analysis of 13 samples from Haihe river basin in China. The results showed that sulfamethoxazole was present in all water samples with maximum concentration of 107.59 ng/L. Sulfadiazine was also frequently detected, concentrations ranging from 2.81 ng/L to 85.35 ng/L. Other sulfonamide antibiotics were not detected in most water samples, especially for those samples fr...
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    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
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    Numerical investigation of the effects of splitter blades on the cavitation performance of a centrifugal pump (2014)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-11
    Description: For the centrifugal pump, additional splitter blades are sometimes necessary in order to improve the head and efficiency. On the other hand, the additional splitter blades will have effect on the cavitation performance due to the changes at the impeller inlet channel. In order to investigate this influence, three impeller schemes were proposed based on a model pump IS50-32-160, one without splitter blades and another two with splitter blades of different inlet diameters. Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the characteristics of internal flow and the pump cavitation performances at different NPSHA with the CFD technique. The results show that the additional splitter blades will have some positive effect on the pump cavitation performance if the inlet diameter of the splitter blade is properly selected. The reason behind such improvement is that it helps to avoid the flow blocking at the impeller inlet and the vortex cavitation inside the blade passages e...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
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    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
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    Research on the response of the water sources to the climatic change in Shiyang River Basin (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-09-01
    Description: The influence of the future climate change to the water resource will directly pose some impact on the watershed management planning and administrative strategies of Shiyang River Basin. With the purpose of exploring the influence of climate change to the runoff, this paper set Shiyang River as the study area and then established a SWAT basin hydrological model based on the data such as DEM, land use, soil, climate hydrology and so on. Besides, algorithm of SUFI2 embedded in SWAT-CUP software is adopted. The conclusion shows that SWAT Model can simulate the runoff process of Nanying River well. During the period of model verification and simulation, the runoff Nash-Sutcliffe efficient coefficient of the verification and simulation is 0.76 and 0.72 separately. The relative error between the simulation and actual measurement and the model efficient coefficient are both within the scope of acceptance, which means that the SWAT hydrological model can be properly applied into the run...
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    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
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    Effects of glass fiber modified with calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H(I)) reinforced cement (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-11
    Description: In this paper, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H(I)) and glass fiber modified with C-S-H(I) (SiF) at ambient temperature were synthesized. SiF and untreated fiber (OF) were incorporated into cement paste. Phase composition of C-S-H(I), SiF and OF was characterized by XRD. The surface morphologies were characterized by SEM. Flexural performance of fiber reinforced cement (FRC) at different curing ages was investigated. Results indicated that both SiF and OF could reinforce cement paste. SiF had a more positive effect on improving the flexural performance of FRC than OF. The strength of SiF reinforced cement was 11.48MPa after 28 days curing when fiber volume was 1.0%, 12.55% higher than that of OF reinforced cement. The flexural strength increased with the addition of fiber volume. However, the large dosage of fiber might cause a decrease in flexural strength of FRC.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    Retrieval and Validation of Aerosol Optical Depth by using the GF-1 Remote Sensing Data (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-26
    Description: Based on the characteristics of GF-1 remote sensing data, the method and data processing procedure to retrieve the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) are developed in this study. The surface contribution over dense vegetation and urban bright target areas are respectively removed by using the dark target and deep blue algorithms. Our method is applied for the three serious polluted Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) regions. The retrieved AOD are validated by ground-based AERONET data from Beijing, Hangzhou, Hong Kong sites. Our results show that, 1) the heavy aerosol loadings are usually distributed in high industrial emission and dense populated cities, with the AOD value near 1. 2) There is a good agreement between satellite-retrievals and in-site observations, with the coefficient factors of 0.71 (BTH), 0.55 (YRD) and 0.54(PRD). 3) The GF-1 retrieval uncertainties are mainly from the impact of cloud contamination, high surface reflect...
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    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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