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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface modification by continuous graft copolymerization.A first report of this work was published in Polymer Preprints (ACS) 27(2), 38-39 (1986). See further B. Rånby, Z. M. Gao, A. Hult, and P. Y. Zhang, ACS Symp. Ser., 364, 168-186 (1988). I. Photoinitiated graft copolymerization onto polyethylene tape film surface (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 1647-1661 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A process has been developed for continuous photoinitiated graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) onto the surface of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tape film, presoaked in a solution containing monomer and initiator under nitrogen atmosphere. As photoinitiator we have used benzophenone, which is efficient for photografting of polyolefins with acrylic monomers. The presoaking procedure of the tape film is very important for efficient photografting within short irradiation times. In ESCA spectra of the grafted tape film the relative intensity of the nitrogen over carbon peaks of film grafted with acrylamide is about 5-10% after 6 s irradiation time. The relative intensity of oxygen over carbon peaks in ESCA spectra of film grafted with acrylic acid is about 10-20% after 8 s irradiation time. The effects of varying the monomer concentration in presoaking solution and the different irradiation conditions on the grafting yield have been investigated. This technique has the advantages of being a continuous process with short irradiation times without requirements of vacuum conditions and appears to be promising for practical applications.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400920
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface modification by continuous graft copolymerization. IV. Photoinitiated graft copolymerization onto polypropylene fiber surface (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 1469-1478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Photochemically induced graft copolymerization (with UV light) of acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) on polypropylene (PP) fiber surface by the presoaking method under nitrogen atmosphere in a continuous process has been developed. The results are measured by means of ESCA spectra. In grafting AM and AA, the relative intensity N1s/C1s and O1s/C1s of the fiber increase from 3-5 and 20% (background) to 8-13 and 23-39% in 9-10 s irradiation time, respectively. Titration results show that 1.75 3.58 mg/m2 poly(acrylic acid) has been grafted on the surface of PP fiber at various monomer concentrations of the presoaking solution. Commercial additives, such as antioxidant and UV stabilizer, affect the grafting yield of the fiber. As solvent in the presoaking solution, acetone is better than MEK and MPK. Various monomer and initiator concentrations in the presoaking solution have been studied. In the process developed 0.5-0.8 M acrylamide or 1.5-2.0 M acrylic acid and 0.2 M benzophenone (BP) in the presoaking solution are approapriate.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410710
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface modification by continuous graft copolymerization. III. Photoinitiated graft copolymerization onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber surface (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 1459-1467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Photoinitiated grafting is an excellent method to modify the surface properties of a polymer. The presoaking photografting method applied to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with acrylic acid or acrylamide as monomer using benzophenone as photoinitiator has been investigated. The photografting proceeds under nitrogen atmosphere in a continuous process. The relative intensity of the ESCA lines of nitrogen over carbon of the fiber grafted with acrylamide increased from 3-4% (background) to 8% for 20-s irradiation time. Measured by titration, the amount of grafted poly(acrylic acid) is 0.821 and 1.528 mg/m2 with 0.5 M and 2.0 M acrylic acid concentration, respectively, in the presoaking solution at 10-s irradiation time. The dyeability of the fiber, measured by UV absorption, improved. The concentration of initiator and monomer and the solvent used affected the grafting yield. Appropriate conditions promoted photografting of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber. Acetone was a somewhat better solvent than methylethylketone and methylpropylketone.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410709
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  • 4
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    Application of Computer Simulation Technology in Material Science (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Description: With the development of modern society, science and technology, information technology and computer technology have been developing rapidly. The computer simulation technology is mainly to use the electronic computer to carry out simulation work, which is expected to provide new research work for the research and production of material science and to raise the development of material science to a new level. Therefore, the author mainly analyzes the application of computer simulation technology in material science, and hopes to provide some suggestions and references for the development of material science through the author’s elaboration.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 5
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    Calculation of seismic performance of nuclear containment vessel structure under design base earthquake (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-06
    Description: To study dynamic response of the nuclear containment vessel structure under the action of design basis earthquake and evaluate the seismic performance of structure, the elastic time history analysis of nuclear containment vessel structure is performed to determine the most unfavorable displacement and stress distribution. A 3D nuclear containment vessel structure was modelled in FE package tool ABAQUS to perform time analysis. The maximum displacement in X direction occurred at the top of the structure dome under the excitation of three different seismic records; the time at which the top response acceleration peak of the structure does not coincide with the time of the base input seismic wave peak, and it is mainly related to the relation between the period of natural vibration and the period of seismic waves; Under the different seismic waves’ excitation of 0.2 g peak acceleration, the tensile stress around the equipment hole and near connection between the bottom plate and th...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Elasto-plastic response analysis of nuclear containment vessel structures under strong earthquakes (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-07
    Description: In order to ensure the earthquake-resistant safety of NPPs and avoid major equipment damage and damage of nuclear leakage, an elasto-plastic response analysis of the nuclear containment vessel structure is required to evaluate its seismic performance under strong earthquakes. Taking the CNP1000 nuclear containment vessel structure as the research object, the finite element software ABAQUS is used to establish a three-dimensional finite element model. Based on the dynamic elasto-plastic analysis theory, the influence of different earthquake intensity on the seismic response of the structure is analyzed. Through the displacement response, acceleration response and stress distribution of the structure, the characteristics of the seismic performance of the containment vessel are analyzed to obtain the structural response rules and structural damage links. The results show: the structure has an amplification effect on the acceleration response, and the amplification effect becomes mo...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    Declining agricultural production in rapidly urbanizing semi-arid regions: policy tradeoffs and sustainability indicators (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-08-12
    Description: In rapidly urbanizing semi-arid regions, increasing amounts of historically irrigated cropland lies permanently fallowed due to water court policies as agricultural water rights are voluntarily being sold to growing cities. This study develops an integrative framework for assessing the effects of population growth and land use change on agricultural production and evaluating viability of alternative management strategies, including alternative agricultural transfer methods, regional water ownership restrictions, and urban conservation. A partial equilibrium model of a spatially-diverse regional water rights market is built in application of the framework to an exemplary basin. The model represents agricultural producers as profit-maximizing suppliers and municipalities as cost-minimizing consumers of water rights. Results indicate that selling an agricultural water right today is worth up to two times more than 40 years of continued production. All alternative policies that sust...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 8
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    The inhabited environment, infrastructure development and advanced urbanization in China’s Yangtze River Delta Region (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-10
    Description: This paper analyzes the relationship among the inhabited environment, infrastructure development and environmental impacts in China’s heavily urbanized Yangtze River Delta region. Using primary human environment data for the period 2006–2014, we examine factors affecting the inhabited environment and infrastructure development: urban population, GDP, built-up area, energy consumption, waste emission, transportation, real estate and urban greenery. Then we empirically investigate the impact of advanced urbanization with consideration of cities’ differences. Results from this study show that the growth rate of the inhabited environment and infrastructure development is strongly influenced by regional development structure, functional orientations, traffic network and urban size and form. The effect of advanced urbanization is more significant in large and mid-size cities than huge and mega cities. Energy consumption, waste emission and real estate in large and mid-size cities deve...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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