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  • Articles  (92)
  • Institute of Physics  (67)
  • Springer  (18)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (7)
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  • Articles  (92)
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  • 1
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    Fragment inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase [Biochemistry] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-03
    Description: Fragment-based screening methods can be used to discover novel active site or allosteric inhibitors for therapeutic intervention. Using saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR and in vitro activity assays, we have identified fragment-sized inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) with distinct chemical scaffolds and mechanisms compared to nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs)...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Deactivation of the Arabidopsis BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) receptor kinase by autophosphorylation within the glycine-rich loop [Plant Biology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-05
    Description: The activity of the dual-specificity receptor kinase, brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1), reflects the balance between phosphorylation-dependent activation and several potential mechanisms for deactivation of the receptor. In the present report, we elucidate a unique mechanism for deactivation that involves autophosphorylation of serine-891 in the ATP-binding domain. Serine-891 was identified previously as a potential site of autophosphorylation by mass spectrometry, and sequence-specific antibodies and mutagenesis studies now unambiguously establish phosphorylation of this residue. In vivo, phosphorylation of serine-891 increased slowly with time following application of brassinolide (BL) to Arabidopsis seedlings, whereas phosphorylation of threonine residues increased rapidly and then remained constant. Transgenic plants expressing the BRI1(S891A)–Flag-directed mutant have increased hypocotyl and petiole lengths, relative to wild-type BRI1–Flag (both in the bri1-5 background), and accumulate higher levels of the unphosphorylated form of the BES1 transcription factor in response to exogenous BL. In contrast, plants expressing the phosphomimetic S891D-directed mutant are severely dwarfed and do not accumulate unphosphorylated BES1 in response to BL. Collectively, these results suggest that autophosphorylation of serine-891 is one of the deactivation mechanisms that inhibit BRI1 activity and BR signaling in vivo. Many arginine-aspartate (RD)-type leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases have a phosphorylatable residue within the ATP-binding domain, suggesting that this mechanism may play a broad role in receptor kinase deactivation.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Determining the factors driving selective effects of new nonsynonymous mutations [Evolution] (2017)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-26
    Description: The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of new mutations plays a fundamental role in evolutionary genetics. However, the extent to which the DFE differs across species has yet to be systematically investigated. Furthermore, the biological mechanisms determining the DFE in natural populations remain unclear. Here, we show that theoretical models...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methyl bromide inhibits ripening and ethylene production in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) fruit (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 5 (1986), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Tomato fruit ripening and ethylene production were inhibited following treatment with methyl bromide (MB). Methyl bromide significantly delayed ripening initiation in mature-green (MG) fruit and retarded the rate of ripening of turning (T) fruit as measured by color development and flesh softening. Treatment with MB caused an initial transient burst of ethylene production, but the subsequent ripening-associated increase in ethylene was delayed. Ethylene treatment partially overcame MB inhibition in MG fruit but had no affect on T fruit. The inhibition of ethylene production by MB appears to be due to lack of formation of 1-aminocycloprone-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in MG fruit, whereas in T fruit lack of conversion of ACC to ethylene is indicated. A key feature of MB inhibition of ripening in tomato appears to be reduced sensitivity to ethylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027384
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel avalanche opto-isolator (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 465-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624837
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between a peat carrier and bacterial seed treatments evaluated for biological control of the take-all diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 166-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Pseudomonas ; Disease predisposition ; Take-all ; Gaeumannomyces ; Seed treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field plots were established in Indiana, Oregon, and Montana to evaluate the potential for biological control of various strains of bacteria as seed treatments to reduce the severity of take-all root, crown, and foot rot of wheat. The bacteria were grown in liquid broth Cas-amino acid broth media, mixed with finely ground peat, and applied to seed with methyl cellulose as a glue just before planting in field soils conducive for severe take-all. Autoclave-sterilized peat (minus bacteria) seed treatments increased take-all, immobilized Mn, and reduced plant vigor and grain yields. These effects were intensified when the pH of the natural peat was adjusted from 5.2 to 7.0 with CaCO3. The ability of the bacterial strains to counteract this peat-induced predisposition to take-all varied, and was influenced by planting site, genetic tolerance of the cultivar, and N treatment. Although the strains differed in their ability to suppress the peat-induced take-all, none of the isolates fully nullified the deleterious effects of the peat carrier. It is clear from this study that the carrier used with potential biological-contol agents may have a greater influence on disease than the biological agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257761
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of avocado (Persea americana) Cx-cellulase on the structural features of avocado cellulose (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 194 (1994), S. 573-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cellulose ; Cx cellulase ; Fruit (ripening, softening) ; Persea (fruit ripening)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit produce copious quantities of the enzyme Cx-cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) during ripening. The possibility that Cx-cellulase is able to disrupt cellulose microfibril oranization was investigated using molecular weight (Mr), x-ray diffraction, and ultrastructural analyses of cell walls from unripe avocado fruit incubated with the purified enzyme. Results indicate that Cx-cellulase causes a downshift in the Mr of unbranched cell-wall polymers in the Mr range of 106–107 Da. There is an increase in the proportion of crystalline cellulose, and cellulose fibrils appear to lose cohesiveness in response to enzyme activity. We propose that Cx-cellulase attacks avocado cellulose at accessible sites in the peripheral and integral noncrystalline regions of the microfibril, resulting in a loss of cohesiveness within the fibril structure and an alteration in the binding of associated cell-wall matrix polysaccharides. The initial loss of avocado mesocarp firmness during fruit ripening may be linked to the onset of Cx-cellulase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714472
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variance component estimation techniques compared for two mating designs with forest genetic architecture through computer simulation (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 236-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Minimum ; Norm ; Restricted ; Likelihood ; Half-diallel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Computer simulation was used to compare minimum variance quadratic estimation (MIVQUE), minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE), restricted maximum likelihood (REML), maximum likelihood (ML), and Henderson's Method 3 (HM3) on the basis of variance among estimates, mean square error (MSE), bias and probability of nearness for estimation of both individual variance components and three ratios of variance components. The investigation also compared three procedures for dealing with negative estimates and included the use of both individual observations and plot means as the experimental unit of the analysis. The structure of data simulated (field design, mating designs, genetic architecture and imbalance) represented typical analysis problems in quantitative forest genetics. Results of comparing the estimation techniques demonstrated that: estimates of probability of nearness did not discriminate among techniques; bias was discriminatory among procedures for dealing with negative estimates but not among estimation techniques (except ML); sampling variance among estimates was discriminatory among procedures for dealing with negative estimates, estimation techniques and unit of observation; and MSE provided no additional information to variance of the estimates. HM3 and REML were the closest competitors under these criteria; however, REML demonstrated greater robustness to imbalance. Of the three negative estimate procedures, two are of practical significance and guidelines for their application are presented. Estimates from individual observations were always preferable to those from plot means over the experimental levels of this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225903
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance studies of some antiferromagnetic Gd-monopnictides and Gd-monochalcogenides (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 26 (1977), S. 525-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the results of electron paramagnetic resonance studies of GdX (X=As, Sb, Bi, S, Se). The temperature dependence of the linewidth ΔH and effective g-factorg eff are discussed. Values for the Néel temperatureT N are inferred from coincident anomalies in ΔH andg eff. In the cases of X=S and Se, our estimates ofT N are significantly lower than theT N inferred from static susceptibility measurements. A possible source of the discrepancy is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00655425
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ammonium assimilation in different plant species as affected by nitrogen form and pH control in solution culture (1989)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 21 (1989), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Corn ; tomato ; rice ; nitrate ; glutamine synthetase ; ammonium assimilation ; glutamate dehydrogenase ; asparagine synthetase ; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Plant growth, ammonium assimilating enzyme activity, and free ammonium in tissue of different plant species were compared in the presence of either NO3 or NH4 forms of N at two pH levels in solution culture. Tomato and corn growth, but not rice growth, was reduced when NH4 was the sole form of N in the solution culture. Ammonium toxicity was more severe at low than higher pH. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity in roots of the three plant species was higher in the presence of NH4 than NO3 nitrogen. Asparagine synthetase activity was very low in roots of the three species regardless of the N form supplied. Glutamine synthetase activity in roots and shoots of rice was much higher than in tissue of tomato and corn. Glutamine synthetase activity in rice increased sharply in the presence of NH4, and much less free NH4 was detected in green tissues compared to tomato plants. Glutamine synthetase appears to be a key factor to detoxify NH4 in the leaves of rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054728
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