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  • Articles  (460)
  • Springer  (290)
  • Institute of Physics  (158)
  • Institute of Physics (IOP)  (12)
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  • 1
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    Detection of tissue properties using a piezoelectric vibration-based syringe (2012)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-11
    Description: For safety improvement purposes, detection of tissue properties at the tip of the needle in real-time is helpful in controlling the movement of the needle in the operation of invasive surgical tools. According to the energy-based force model, the mechanical impedance of tissue can be represented approximately by a spring-damping model. In this study, a vibration-based syringe which adopts piezoelectric elements to vibrate the needle is proposed to identify tissue properties. In principle, by measuring the input electrical impedance of the vibration-based syringe, the mechanical impedance of tissue can be detected indirectly while the syringe exerts a vibration on the tissue. The model of the piezoelectric driven syringe and the procedure for evaluating the electromechanical interaction are given, and the mechanical impedance of tissue is evaluated by simulation. The proposed detection method has potential for applications of identifying tissue properties in epidural punctures an...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    A piezoelectric vibration-based syringe for reducing insertion force (2012)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-11
    Description: Puncturing of the human skin with a needle is perhaps the most common invasive medical procedure. Clinical studies have revealed that tissue deformation and needle deflection are the primary problem for needle misplacement in percutaneous procedures. To avoid this, various techniques for reducing insertion forces during needle insertion have been considered. This paper presents a piezoelectric vibration-based syringe to reduce insertion force. AC power was applied to the piezoelectric elements to vibrate the needle with high frequency and thereby reduce the friction and cutting forces between the needle and tissue. Vibration mode shapes of the needle were observed by finite element analysis and verified by experimental results. Effects of reducing insertion force via the vibrating needle were also confirmed by inserting the needle into the porcine tissues. The proposed syringe, which minimizes the insertion force and overcomes limitations of needle materials, can be widely utili...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
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    Structure Characterization calculation of Tetragonal Zirconia (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-22
    Description: Structure characterization and elastic properties of tetragonal phase of zirconia have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT). The XRD spectrums and vibration properties of Raman active modes of T-ZrO 2 were calculated and the results were compared with references. The calculated results have showed researchers may distinguish cubic and tetragonal phases used XRD spectrums in the 2 range of 72.5°-75.5°, 122°-129° and 138°-148°. The calculated vibrated properties of Raman active modes as follows: the modes of Zr-O stretching are 262.6, 486.2, and 641.6 cm −1 the modes of Zr-O bending and O-O coupling are 344.4 and 606.9 cm −1 and the modes of Zr-O-Zr or O-Zr-O bending is 141.2 cm −1 .
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    An integrated framework for evaluating the effects of deforestation on ecosystem services (2014)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-19
    Description: Deforestation often results in massive carbon emissions and loss of ecosystem services. The objective of this paper is to develop an integrated approach to quantitatively derive changes in forest carbon stock and changes in the economic value of forest carbon due to deforestation. Combining the best available remote sensing and socioeconomic datasets, this approach establishes a comprehensive baseline of deforestation in terms of area, carbon and monetary value change. We applied this end-to-end evaluation method in the Brazilian state of Rondonia to assess the ecological and economic effects of its recent deforestation from 2000 to 2005. Our results suggest that deforestation occurred at an average rate of 2834 km 2 /yr during the study period, leading to 31 TgC/yr "committed carbon emissions" from deforestation. Coupling with the social cost of carbon at $23/tC and a market discount rate at 7%, this translates to $622 million U.S. dollars/yr loss in the economic value...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 5
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    One-step synthesis of nitrogen and chlorine co-doped fluorescent carbon nanodots for the sensitive detection of Ag + (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Description: Nitrogen and chlorine co-doped fluorescent carbon nanodots (CDs) were prepared using a facile and eco-friendly solvothermal process in which N-Chlorosuccinimide(NCS) was used as a carbon source. The resulting CDs were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It shows emission of blue light at 410 nm when excited at 340 nm. High quantum yield of 21.7% and good biocompatibility were also observed. Importantly, the fluorescence intensity of CDs was selectively quenched after addition of Ag + . Based upon the aforementioned phenomenon, a new fluorescent biosensor for the detection of Ag + was proposed. The linear range and detection limit was 5-70 μM and 1.06 μM, respectively. Eventually, these superior properties demonstrated that the CDs have promising applications in the field of environmental a...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Character of extreme high tide level variations response to coastline deformation in Taizhou Bay (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-06
    Description: Taizhou Bay, which locates in the southern coast of China, is frequently influenced by human activities, leading coastline changes frequently in coastline changes visible from space. Coastline deformation in this area will obviously affect the character of extreme high tide level variations in Jiaojiang River and Estuary especially during flood and typhoon periods. Statistic data showed that 54.5% of the extreme high tide levels of Jiaojiang River were caused by typhoon and 27.3% by flood in the past twenty-two years. So, a two-dimensional (2-D) hydrodynamic numerical model including Jiaojiang River and East China Sea was established based on the Mike21 FM model. The model was calibrated with field data and then was employed to predict the extreme flood and storm high tide level changes under three different assumption plans of coastline deformation. 100-year return discharge upstream with 2-year return tide level downstream conditions were set in the model to simulate extreme f...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
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    Assessing curve number uncertainty for green roofs in a stochastic environment (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-06
    Description: Curve number ( CN ) is well-known by hydrologists for estimating rainfall induced runoff from a catchment. It can also be used as an indicator for measuring the impact of engineering or non-engineering measures on the runoff production in a catchment. In this study, a method is presented to quantify the uncertainty of CN for hydrologic performance of a green roof system. Latin hypercube sampling approach, coupled with the antithetic variate technique, is used to achieve efficient and accurate quantification of the uncertainty features of CN for a green roof system. Elements in green roofs subject to uncertainty considered are rainfall characteristics (i.e. amount and inter-event dry period), soil-plant-climate factors (i.e. field capacity, wilting point, interception, evapotranspiration rate), and model error in SCS I a - S relation. Numerical study shows that model error in SCS I a - S relation h...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 8
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    Design of Backpack to Aid Elderly for the Mazu Touring Procession in Taiwan (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-09
    Description: The Dajia Mazu Touring Procession is a 9-day long religious event held annually. However, for the elderly participants, it is a big burden especially in regards to physical strength. The goal of designing backpack is to reduce the physiological stress of elderly during the procession. Firstly, physical parameters were measured to explore the dimension parameters by testing. The height of the chair is different from that of the kneeling pad; a smooth curve was chosen to coordinate the two as the main outline of the backpack. Secondly, material selections based on following limits were considered: (1) acceptable weight and size, (2) intermediate price and (3) a design that is fitting to the Dajia event. The material and structural strength were evaluated for wood, bamboo, stainless steel. Two design concept were proposed, wood is selected for construction and testing by users. The texture of the backpack is Rush grass, it was built successfully to cover the backpack’s external sur...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    Simultaneous detection and removal of organomercurial compounds by using the genetic expression system of an organomercury lyase from the transposon Tn MERI1 (2002)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Combination of microscopic model and VoF-multiphase approach for numerical simulation of nodular cast iron solidification (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-12
    Description: The ongoing increase in the size and capacity of state-of-the-art wind power plants is highlighting the need to reduce the weight of critical components, such as hubs, main shaft bearing housings, gear box housings and support bases. These components are manufactured as nodular iron castings (spheroid graphite iron, or SGI). A weight reduction of up to 20% is achievable by optimizing the geometry to minimize volume, thus enabling significant downsizing of wind power plants. One method for enhancing quality control in the production of thick-walled SGI castings, and thus reducing tolerances and, consequently, enabling castings of smaller volume is via a casting simulation of mould filling and solidification based on a combination of microscopic model and VoF-multiphase approach. Coupled fluid flow with heat transport and phase transformation kinetics during solidification is described by partial differential equations and solved using the finite volume method. The flow of multiple...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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