ALBERT

Description: Enhancing the amount of industrial and chemical production is one of the most important effects of increasing rural people’s migration to cities, which leads to many abnormalities in the healthcare domain. In this regard, one of the most important tasks of health sector managers is designing and implementing some programs to monitor and control the level of community health, which is one of the health organizations’ strategic planning. On the other hand, the location of service centers is one of the most important problems in the area of strategic planning by any organization because selecting an appropriate site for constructing facilities can have a significant effect on reducing costs and increasing the coverage level. However, an appropriate site to construct the facilities must also have maximum reliability in addition to reducing costs and increasing the coverage level. This problem is important because many factors, such as natural disasters, result in failure of centers and influence the confidence level of system performance. Therefore, it is necessary to consider maximizing reliability in locating centers. For this purpose, an integer mathematical model is presented in this paper to select the optimum site for constructing the medical and emergency centers by considering the failure probability of each center. The research model’s objective function minimizes the system costs, including the costs of construction, patient transfer, and failure of medical and emergency centers. Finally, a numerical example is designed and reviewed by real-world problems to ensure the performance accuracy of the proposed model.

Description: The study of free-surface and pressurized water flows in channels has many interesting application, one of the most important being the modeling of the phenomena in the area of natural water systems (rivers, estuaries) as well as in that of man-made systems (canals, pipes). For the development of major river engineering projects, such as flood prevention and flood control, there is an essential need to have an instrument that be able to model and predict the consequences of any possible phenomenon on the environment and in particular the new hydraulic characteristics of the system. The basic equations expressing hydraulic principles were formulated in the 19th century by Barre de Saint Venant and Valentin Joseph Boussinesq. The original hydraulic model of the Saint Venant equations is written in the form of a system of two partial differential equations and it is derived under the assumption that the flow is one-dimensional, the cross-sectional velocity is uniform, the streamline curvature is small and the pressure distribution is hydrostatic. The St. Venant equations must be solved with continuity equation at the same time. Until now no analytical solution for Saint Venant equations is presented. In this paper the Saint Venant equations and continuity equation are solved with homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and comparison by explicit forward finite difference method (FDM). For decreasing the present error between HPM and FDM, the st.venant equations and continuity equation are solved by HAM. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) contains the auxiliary parameterħthat allows us to adjust and control the convergence region of solution series. The study has highlighted the efficiency and capability of HAM in solving Saint Venant equations and modeling of unsteady flow through the rectangular canal that is the goal of this paper and other kinds of canals.

Description: Introduction:Amongst the genitourinary cancers, carcinoma of the urinary bladder is one of the leading causes of death in India. Hypermethylation of the CpG islands of gene promoter is one of the earliest and most frequent epigenetic alterations leading to cancer as well as in its development. Several studies have suggested that tumour suppressor genes play a key role in the development of cancer. Methylation in theCDKN2Ahas been associated with various malignant diseases, but information with respect to urinary bladder cancer is lacking in north Indian population.Materials and methods:We analyzed the methylation ofP16INK4aandP14ARFin 80 tissues and matched blood samples of patients suffering from bladder cancer and 80 blood samples of cancer-free individuals by MS-PCR.Results:In tissue and matched blood samples of bladder cancer patients, the incidence ofP14ARFhypermethylation significantly increased (OR = 0.31, 95%CI = 0.12–0.8,P= 0.01) and (OR = 0.0, 95%CI=0.0–0.62,P= 0.006) respectively with an increase in age. Clinicopathological analysis revealed that P14ARF hypermethylation in tissue and blood samples was significantly associated with invasive stage (≥ T2) (OR = 0.21, 95%CI = 0.08–0.51,P= 0.0002) and (OR = 0.09, 95%CI = 0.03–0.37,P= 0.00001) respectively. Muscle invasive tumour stage (≥T2) showed significant association with increased risk of P16INK4α promoter hypermethylation in tissue and blood samples of patients (OR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.17–0.82,P= 0.01) and (OR = 0.13, 95%CI = 0.05–0.36,P= 0.00005) respectively.Conclusion:These results suggest that the CpG island hypermethylation status of the defined panel of genes may be a useful biomarker in patients suffering from bladder cancer.

Description: Biogas released from palm oil mill effluent (POME) could be a source of air pollution, which has illustrated negative effects on the global warming. To protect the environment from toxic emissions and use the energy of POME biogas, POME is conducted to the closed digestion systems and released biogas is captured. Since POME biogas upgrading is a complicated process, it is not economical and thus new combustion techniques should be examined. In this paper, POME biogas (40% CO2and 60% CH4) has been utilized as a fuel in a lab-scale furnace. A computational approach by standardk-εcombustion and turbulence model is applied. Hydrogen is added to the biogas components and the impacts of hydrogen enrichment on the temperature distribution, flame stability, and pollutant formation are studied. The results confirm that adding hydrogen to the POME biogas content could improve low calorific value (LCV) of biogas and increases the stability of the POME biogas flame. Indeed, the biogas flame length rises and distribution of the temperature within the chamber is uniform when hydrogen is added to the POME biogas composition. Compared to the pure biogas combustion, thermal NOxformation increases in hydrogen-enriched POME biogas combustion due to the enhancement of the furnace temperature.

Description: Background. Colorectal carcinoma is the third cause of cancer deaths in the world. For diagnosis, invasive methods like colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy are used, and noninvasive screening tests are not very accurate. We decided to study the potential of1HNMR spectroscopy with metabolomics and chemometrics as a preliminary noninvasive test. We obtained a distinguishing pattern of metabolites and metabolic pathways between colon cancer patient and normal.Methods. Sera were obtained from confirmed colon cancer patients and the same number of healthy controls. Samples were sent for1HNMR spectroscopy and analysis was carried out Chenomex and MATLAB software. Metabolites were identified using Human Metabolic Data Base (HDMB) and the main metabolic cycles were identified using Metaboanalyst software.Results. 15 metabolites were identified such as pyridoxine, orotidine, and taurocholic acid. Main metabolic cycles involved were the bile acid biosynthesis, vitamin B6 metabolism, methane metabolism, and glutathione metabolism.Discussion. The main detected metabolic cycles were also reported earlier in different cancers. Our observations corroborated earlier studies that suggest the importance of lowering serum LCA/DCA and increasing vitamin B6 intake to help prevent colon cancer. This work can be looked upon as a preliminary step in using1HNMR analysis as a screening test before invasive procedures.