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  • Articles  (27)
  • Hindawi  (20)
  • MDPI Publishing  (7)
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  • Articles  (27)
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  • 1
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    Remote Sensing, Vol. 7, Pages 5511-5533: Classification of Vessels in Single-Pol COSMO-SkyMed Images Based on Statistical and Structural Features (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-05
    Description: Vessel monitoring is one of the most important maritime applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. Because of the dihedral reflections between the vessel hull and sea surface and the trihedral reflections among superstructures, vessels usually have strong backscattering in SAR images. Furthermore, in high-resolution SAR images, detailed information on vessel structures can be observed, allowing for vessel classification in high-resolution SAR images. This paper focuses on the feature analysis of merchant vessels, including bulk carriers, container ships and oil tankers, in 3 m resolution COSMO-SkyMed stripmap HIMAGE mode images and proposes a method for vessel classification. After preprocessing, a feature vector is estimated by calculating the average value of the kernel density estimation, three structural features and the mean backscattering coefficient. Support vector machine (SVM) classifier is used for the vessel classification, and the results are compared with traditional methods, such as the K-nearest neighbor algorithm (K-NN) and minimum distance classifier (MDC). In situ investigations are conducted during the SAR data acquisition. Corresponding Automatic Identification System (AIS) reports are also obtained as ground truth to evaluate the effectiveness of the classifier. The preliminary results show that the combination of the average value of the kernel density estimation and mean backscattering coefficient has good ability for classifying the three types of vessels. When adding the three structural features, the results slightly improve. The result of the SVM classifier is better than that of K-NN and MDC. However, the SVM requires more time, when the parameters of the kernel are estimated.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 2
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    A Single-Machine Two-Agent Scheduling Problem by a Branch-and-Bound and Three Simulated Annealing Algorithms (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-13
    Description: In the field of distributed decision making, different agents share a common processing resource, and each agent wants to minimize a cost function depending on its jobs only. These issues arise in different application contexts, including real-time systems, integrated service networks, industrial districts, and telecommunication systems. Motivated by its importance on practical applications, we consider two-agent scheduling on a single machine where the objective is to minimize the total completion time of the jobs of the first agent with the restriction that an upper bound is allowed the total completion time of the jobs for the second agent. For solving the proposed problem, a branch-and-bound and three simulated annealing algorithms are developed for the optimal solution, respectively. In addition, the extensive computational experiments are also conducted to test the performance of the algorithms.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
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    Preparation of N- Using a Microwave/Sol-Gel Method and Its Photocatalytic Activity for Bisphenol A under Visible-Light and Sunlight Irradiation (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-25
    Description: This study applied the microwave/sol-gel method to prepare nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2). The N-TiO2 was immobilized in glass balls to form N-TiO2/glass beads and applied to degrade Bisphenol A (BPA) under visible-light and sunlight irradiation. The characteristics of the prepared photocatalysts were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Experimental results demonstrate that the percentage of anatase increased as the amount of N in N-TiO2 increased. Compared with the undoped TiO2 (420 nm), spectra show that the absorption edge shifted to a longer wavelength (445 nm) after N doping. The XPS characterization confirms the substitution of crystal lattice O to N species in N-TiO2, forming Ti–O–N and N–Ti–O. With an increased N/Ti ratio, photodegradation efficiency increased and then decreased; moreover, the optimal amount for N doping was determined as an N/Ti mole ratio of 0.08 (0.1 NT). The efficiency of 0.1 NT in doing BPA photodegradation was greater than that of Degussa P25. After reaction for 61 min, the mineralization percentage of 0.1 NT under visible-light irradiation reached 41%. Photocatalyst efficiency decreased as the number of repeats increased in the visible-light/N-TiO2 system; however, these systems were stable during reaction.
    Print ISSN: 1110-662X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-529X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 4
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    Closed-Loop Identification of Power System Based on Ambient Data (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-10
    Description: Small fluctuations caused by random changes of loads exist continuously in power grids, which are called ambient signals. Using time-synchronized phasor measurements, the closed-loop identification of power system based on ambient data is discussed, which can reflect accurate operating conditions currently and provide critical information for system analyzing and controller designing. The closed-loop identification of a power system with multiple disturbances is theoretically studied, including the closed-loop identifiability, the consistency properties, and the convergence properties. The requirements for realizing the closed-loop identification are summarized, and the theoretical research results are validated by simulation examples.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 5
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    Pattern Synthesis of Planar Nonuniform Circular Antenna Arrays Using a Chaotic Adaptive Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-20
    Description: A novel invasive weed optimization (IWO) variant called chaotic adaptive invasive weed optimization (CAIWO) is proposed and applied for the optimization of nonuniform circular antenna arrays. A chaotic search method has been combined into the modified IWO with adaptive dispersion, where the seeds produced by a weed are dispersed in the search space with standard deviation specified by the fitness value of the weed. To evaluate the performance of CAIWO, several representative benchmark functions are minimized using various optimization algorithms. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach improves the performance of the algorithm significantly, in terms of both the convergence speed and exploration ability. Moreover, the scheme of CAIWO is employed to find out an optimal set of weights and antenna element separation to obtain a radiation pattern with maximum side-lobe level (SLL) reduction with different numbers of antenna element under two cases with different purposes. The design results obtained by CAIWO have comfortably outperformed the published results obtained by other state-of-the-art metaheuristics in a statistically meaningful way.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 6
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    Energies, Vol. 10, Pages 1270: A Decision Framework for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Site Selection for Residential Communities under an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Environment: A Case of Beijing (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-27
    Description: Energies, Vol. 10, Pages 1270: A Decision Framework for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Site Selection for Residential Communities under an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Environment: A Case of Beijing Energies doi: 10.3390/en10091270 Authors: Yunna Wu Chao Xie Chuanbo Xu Fang Li Electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) site selection occupies a prominent position in the development of the electric community to solve the hard problem of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging. However, two critical issues have not been solved by the existing research. Firstly, the scope of EVCS site selection only considers the whole city, which deviates from the actual situation. Secondly, the uncertainty and hesitation of decision information is not well expressed. To handle the above problems, this paper builds a comprehensive EVCS site selection decision framework for Residential Communities (EVCSRC) with triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs). First of all, the distinctive index system of EVCSRC site selection factors including economy, social, environment, planning and feature portrait of residential communities is established. Then, the TIFNs is utilized for decision makers (DMs) to express the indeterminate information. Furthermore, a fuzzy Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (Fuzzy-VIKOR) is approach is utilized to rank the alternative EVCSRC sites. Finally, a case of Beijing is studied to demonstrate the validity of the proposed site selection framework. The result shows the EVCSRC site located at Sijiqing community in Haidian district should be selected as the optimal site. This paper presents a feasible and easy-to-use decision-making framework for investors.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
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    Sensors, Vol. 17, Pages 2015: A Hot-Polymer Fiber Fabry–Perot Interferometer Anemometer for Sensing Airflow (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-03
    Description: Sensors, Vol. 17, Pages 2015: A Hot-Polymer Fiber Fabry–Perot Interferometer Anemometer for Sensing Airflow Sensors doi: 10.3390/s17092015 Authors: Cheng-Ling Lee Kai-Wen Liu Shi-Hong Luo Meng-Shan Wu Chao-Tsung Ma This work proposes the first hot-polymer fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (HPFFPI) anemometer for sensing airflow. The proposed HPFFPI is based on a single-mode fiber (SMF) endface that is attached to a UV-cured polymer to form an ultracompact fiber Fabry–Perot microcavity. The proposed polymer microcavity was heated using a low-cost chip resistor with a controllable dc driving power to achieve a desired polymer’s steady-state temperature (T) that exceeds the T of the surrounding environment. The polymer is highly sensitive to variations of T with high repeatability. When the hot polymer was cooled by the measured flowing air, the wavelength fringes of its optical spectra shifted. The HPFFPI anemometers have been experimentally evaluated for different cavity lengths and heating power values. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HPFFPI responses well in terms of airflow measurement. A high sensitivity of 1.139 nm/(m/s) and a good resolution of 0.0088 m/s over the 0~2.54 m/s range of airflow were achieved with a cavity length of 10 μm and a heating power of 0.402 W.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 8
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    Materials, Vol. 10, Pages 1332: Solution Growth of Two-Dimensional Bi2Se3 Nanosheets for Two-Color All-Optical Switching (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Materials
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-22
    Description: Materials, Vol. 10, Pages 1332: Solution Growth of Two-Dimensional Bi2Se3 Nanosheets for Two-Color All-Optical Switching Materials doi: 10.3390/ma10111332 Authors: Xinghua Wu Chao Tan Qingkai Wang Yanyan Guo Dianyuan Wang Yongqian Wang Dawei Meng Two-dimensional Bi2Se3 nanosheets with hexagonal shape are synthesized by a solution synthetic route. The Bi2Se3 nanosheets are 120 nm in edge width and 7 nm in thickness. The size of the Bi2Se3 nanosheets can be controlled by choosing different kinds of reducing agents including hydroxylamine and ethylenediamine. Subsequently, we demonstrate a configuration of two-color all-optical switching based on plasma channels effect using the as-synthesized Bi2Se3 nanosheets as an optical media. The signal light can be modulated as two states including dot and ring shape by changing the intensity of control light. The modulated signal light exhibits excellent spatial propagation properties. As a type of interesting optical material, ultrathin two-dimensional Bi2Se3 nanosheets might provide an effective option for photoelectric applications.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1944
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    A Novel Hybrid Model for Short-Term Forecasting in PV Power Generation (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-01
    Description: The increasing use of solar power as a source of electricity has led to increased interest in forecasting its power output over short-time horizons. Short-term forecasts are needed for operational planning, switching sources, programming backup, reserve usage, and peak load matching. However, the output of a photovoltaic (PV) system is influenced by irradiation, cloud cover, and other weather conditions. These factors make it difficult to conduct short-term PV output forecasting. In this paper, an experimental database of solar power output, solar irradiance, air, and module temperature data has been utilized. It includes data from the Green Energy Office Building in Malaysia, the Taichung Thermal Plant of Taipower, and National Penghu University. Based on the historical PV power and weather data provided in the experiment, all factors that influence photovoltaic-generated energy are discussed. Moreover, five types of forecasting modules were developed and utilized to predict the one-hour-ahead PV output. They include the ARIMA, SVM, ANN, ANFIS, and the combination models using GA algorithm. Forecasting results show the high precision and efficiency of this combination model. Therefore, the proposed model is suitable for ensuring the stable operation of a photovoltaic generation system.
    Print ISSN: 1110-662X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-529X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 10
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    Water, Vol. 10, Pages 235: Long-Term Hydropower Generation of Cascade Reservoirs under Future Climate Changes in Jinsha River in Southwest China (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-25
    Description: Water, Vol. 10, Pages 235: Long-Term Hydropower Generation of Cascade Reservoirs under Future Climate Changes in Jinsha River in Southwest China Water doi: 10.3390/w10020235 Authors: Yu Feng Jianzhong Zhou Li Mo Zhe Yuan Peilun Zhang Jiang Wu Chao Wang Yongqiang Wang In this paper, the impact of future climate changes on long-term hydropower generation (LTHG) of cascade hydropower stations in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River is discussed. Global climate models (GCM) were used to estimate the impacts of future climate changes, the Xinanjiang model (XAJ) was applied to project the streamflow of the hydropower stations, and then gravitational search algorithm (GSA) was adopted to solve the LTHG problem. In case studies, the validation of the XAJ model shows that it perform well in the projection of streamflow in the Jinsha River. Moreover, the future hydropower generation is simulated based on five different GCMs under three climate change scenarios. Finally, the GSA algorithm is used to obtain a set of schemes under the influence of climate change. The results show that future climate changes are expected to have different impact on power generation of cascade reservoirs in the downstream of the Jinsha River when the climate change scenarios are different. These findings can provide decision support for future water resources management of the Jinsha River.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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