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  • Books  (5)
  • inflammation  (5)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (5)
  • Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
  • Taylor & Francis
  • 1
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    Long-Term Health Effects of the 9/11 Disaster (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, also referred as 9/11, was an iconic event in US history that altered the global and political response to terrorism. The attacks, which involved two planes hitting the twin towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, resulted in the collapse of the buildings and over 2800 deaths of occupants of the buildings, fire, police and other responders and persons on the street in the vicinity of the collapsing buildings. The destroyed towers and the surrounding buildings have since been replaced but the health effects that resulted from the release of tons of dust, gases and debris as well as the life threat trauma are ongoing, and represent a major health burden among persons directly exposed. Hundreds of scientific publications have documented the physical and mental health effects attributed to the disaster. The current state-of-the-art in understanding the ongoing interactions of physical and mental health, especially PTSD, and the unique mechanisms by which pollutants from the building collapse, have resulted in long term pulmonary dysfunction, course of previously reported conditions, potential emerging conditions (e.g., heart disease and autoimmune diseases), as well as quality of life, functioning and unmet health care needs would be in the purview of this Special Issue on the 9/11 Disaster.
    Keywords: B1-5802 ; n/a ; asthma outcomes ; health insurance ; mental health ; handgrip strength ; WTC ; cognitive reserve ; disaster epidemiology ; surveillance bias ; cardiac sarcoidosis ; lung function ; lung injury ; treatment utilization ; injury ; Cox regression ; lower Manhattan residents ; chronic sinusitis ; social support ; indoor allergens sensitization ; respiratory function ; FDNY ; asthma control ; sarcoidosis ; asthma ; 9/11 impact ; physical health ; rescue/recovery workers ; chronic disease ; evidence-based treatment ; irritant(s) ; fibrosis ; unmet mental health care needs ; airway hyperreactivity ; asthma quality of life ; Short Form-12 (SF-12) ; WTC-related asthma ; longitudinal analysis ; forced oscillation ; thyroid cancer ; psychotherapy ; cognitive decline ; 9/11 disaster ; severe lung disease ; prevalence ; inflammation ; pulmonary function tests ; World Trade Center disaster ; disaster mental health ; epidemiological studies ; obstructive sleep apnea ; counseling ; sleepiness ; PTSD ; hazard function ; cleaning practices ; air pollution ; aging ; stressful life events ; airway physiology ; screening ; PTSD cluster ; latent class analysis ; retirement ; environmental health ; World Trade Center ; quality improvement ; pulmonary fibrosis ; WTC attack ; dust ; PCL score ; WTC responders ; mini asthma quality of life questionnaire ; biomarkers ; HQoL ; health-related quality of life ; Scadding stage ; 9/11 ; firefighters ; allergen exposure ; metabolic syndrome ; neuropathic symptoms ; small airway disease ; Asian Americans ; asthma morbidity ; PTSD symptom change ; WTC survivors ; trigger(s) ; World Trade Center exposure ; occupational exposure ; peripheral neuropathy ; disaster ; respiratory symptoms ; mental health treatment ; genetics ; mental health service utilization ; comorbid insomnia ; sleep-related quality of life ; World Trade Center attack ; immunoglobulin E ; mental health service use ; income loss ; paresthesia ; World Trade Center (WTC) ; fibrotic sarcoid ; depression ; post-disaster ; mental health conditions ; extrathoracic sarcoidosis ; medical imaging ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The cytoplasm of Gram-negative bacteria is bound by three layers: an inner membrane, a layer of peptidoglycan, and an outer membrane. The outer membrane is an asymmetric lipidic bilayer, with phospholipids on its inner surface and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) on the outside, with the latter being the major component of the outer leaflet and covering nearly three-quarters of the total outer cell surface. All LPSs possess the same general chemical architecture independently of bacterial activity (pathogenic, symbiotic, commensal), ecological niche (human, animal, soil, plant, water), or growth conditions. Endotoxins are large amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophilic polysaccharide component and a covalently bound hydrophobic and highly conserved lipid component, termed lipid A (the endotoxin subunit). The polysaccharide component can be divided into two subdomains: the internal and conserved core region as well as the more external and highly variable O-specific chain, also referred to as the O-antigen due to its immunogenic properties. LPSs are endotoxins, one of the most potent class of activators of the mammalian immune system; they can be released from cell surfaces of bacteria during multiplication, lysis, and death. LPS can act through its biological center (lipid A component) on various cell types, of which macrophages and monocytes are the most important.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; LAL and LER ; cornea ; Aeromonas ; tear fluid ; protein dynamics ; O-antigen ; Plesiomonas shigelloides ; lipopolysaccharide induced TNF? factor ; hepcidin ; pJNK ; rat ; Proteus penneri ; lipid A ; LPS tolerance ; iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) ; MALDI-TOF MS ; outer core oligosaccharide ; inhibitor design ; phagosome ; lipopolysaccharide ; NMR spectroscopy ; Bordetellae ; respiratory syncytial virus ; dendritic cell ; MAT ; GT-B ; polysorbate ; Edwardsiella tarda ; LPS ; innate immune ; d-galactan I ; inflammation ; aspirin ; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ; collagen ; heptosyltransferase ; rhinovirus ; serum resistance ; hypothalamic inflammation ; NMR ; IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway ; glycosyltransferase ; toll-like receptor ; core oligosaccharide ; Coxiella burnetii ; virenose ; oxidative stress ; ESI FT-ICR ; endotoxin ; Salmonella ; P65 (nuclear factor-?B) ; nitric oxide (NO) ; allergic respiratory disorder ; bacteria ; adhesion molecule ; ESI MSn ; endotoxaemia ; HR-MAS ; double-stranded RNA ; epithelial cell ; mouse ; lipopolysaccharide stimulation ; complement ; inner core oligosaccharide ; LPS aggregates ; Q fever ; O-acetylation ; sepsis ; chemokine ; hygiene hypothesis ; anti-conjugate serum ; structural determination ; Small Angle X-ray Scattering ; genomics ; mass spectrometry ; keratocyte ; insulin resistance ; Low Endotoxin Recovery ; phase transitions ; Megalobrama amblycephala ; Bordetella holmesii ; Erwinia amylovora ; structure ; time response ; fibroblast ; genomic ; sialic acid ; ESI MS ; reptile-associated salmonellosis ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Antimicrobial Peptides (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are gene-encoded, ancient (and important) mediators of innate host defense that exert direct or indirect antimicrobial action as well as possessing other important biologic activities (e.g., neutralization of endotoxin and anti-biofilm action) that help to protect vertebrates, invertebrates and plants from invading pathogens. While the emergence of multi-antibiotic resistant pathogens (and the desperate need to develop new anti-infectives) has been a recent force driving the field, interest in AMPs has an earlier origin in studies of how phagocytes kill bacteria by oxygen-independent processes. AMPs responsible for such killing of microbes by rabbit and human neutrophils were later purified by Ganz, Selsted and Lehrer, which they termed defensins; at the time of this writing, literally thousands of defensin-based publications can be found in the scientific literature! The initial reports on defensins and the earlier report by Boman’s group on the purification and action of an insect AMP represented a historical and defining point for the AMP field as they, in hindsight, demanded the recognition of AMP research as a unique discipline that has important linkages to other important fields of medicine, especially those of microbiology, infectious diseases and immunology. On a personal note, I remember conferences on phagocytes and host defense in the early 1980s where the topic of AMPs was relegated to one short session in a five day period! Now, we have hundreds of international “AMPologists” with expertise in chemistry, biochemistry, molecular and structural biology, cell biology, microbiology, pharmacology, or medicine who have built their research careers around AMPs and can now attend international conferences dedicated to advances in AMP research.
    Keywords: molecular biology ; synthesis ; bacterial diseases ; regulation ; inflammation ; host defense ; structure-function ; immune-modulation ; evolution ; antimicrobial peptides
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Biological Potential and Medical Use of Secondary Metabolites (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Many macro and micro species, from terrestrial and aquatic environments, produce structurally unique compounds and, in many countries, still are the primary sources of medicines. In fact, secondary metabolites are an important source of chemotherapeutic agents but are also lead compounds for synthetic modification and the optimization of biological activity. Therefore, the exploitation of secondary metabolites, or their inspired synthetic compounds, offers excellent opportunities for the pharmaceutical industry. This Medicines Special Issue focuses on the great potential of secondary metabolites for therapeutic application. The Special Issue contains 16 articles reporting relevant experimental results, and an overview of bioactive secondary metabolites, their biological effects, and new methodologies that improve and accelerate the process of obtained lead compounds with regard to new drug development. We would like to thank all 83 authors, from all over the world, for their valuable contributions to this Special Issue.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; antitumor ; triterpenoids ; seaweeds ; diterpenes ; Boswellia ; antioxidant activity ; antiplasmodial ; Maytenus chiapensis ; phenolic derivatives ; secondary metabolites ; medicinal applications ; Malus x domestica ; pectin ; cytotoxic activity ; xanthine oxidase ; phytochemistry ; antioxidant ; Scabiosa ; sugars ; sargaquinoic acid ; pentacyclic triterpenoids ; analysis ; antimicrobial and anticancer activity ; iridoids ; Tuscany ; GC-MS ; (-)-rabdosiin ; kratom ; plant defense ; cembranoids ; tingenone ; deoxypodophyllotoxin ; anticancer ; pristimerin ; inflammation ; boswellic acids ; plants ; anti-inflammatory ; legalization ; Mitragyna speciosa ; Ocimum sanctum ; cordycepin ; cytotoxic ; medicine ; Artemisia species ; antimicrobial activity ; lignans ; Artemisia vachanica ; Cordyceps militaris ; frankincense ; ancient varieties ; sargahydroquinoic acid ; Tajikistan ; antiSMASH ; ABTS ; polyphenols ; therapeutics ; infectious diseases ; antibacterial ; nutraceutics ; total phenolics ; LC-MS/MS ; innate immunity ; HPLC-PAD ; sarganaphthoquinoic acid ; biosynthetic gene clusters ; DPPH ; EGCG ; cneorubenoids ; PPAR-? ; bowel diseases ; amentoflavone ; molecular docking ; sargachromenoic acid ; cannabinoids ; flavonoids ; essential oils ; TCM ; HPLC-PDA ; ascorbic acid ; antioxidants ; Lamiaceae ; nanoemulsion ; malaria ; therapeutic uses ; quinonemethide triterpenoids ; artemisinin ; natural products ; biological activities ; FRAP ; toxicology ; defensins ; Celastraceae ; cannabis ; vector control ; Juniperus ; analytical determination ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Anticancer Drugs (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The past decades have seen major developments in the understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of cancer. Significant progress has been achieved regarding long-term survival for the patients of many cancers with the use of tamoxifen for treatment of breast cancer, treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia with imatinib, and the success of biological drugs. The transition from cytotoxic chemotherapy to targeted cancer drug discovery and development has resulted in an increasing selection of tools available to oncologists. In this Special Issue of Pharmaceuticals, we highlight the opportunities and challenges in the discovery and design of innovative cancer therapies, novel small-molecule cancer drugs and antibody–drug conjugates, with articles covering a variety of anticancer therapies and potential relevant disease states and applications. Significant efforts are being made to develop and improve cancer treatments and to translate basic research findings into clinical use, resulting in improvements in survival rates and quality of life for cancer patients. We demonstrate the possibilities and scope for future research in these areas and also highlight the challenges faced by scientists in the area of anticancer drug development leading to improved targeted treatments and better survival rates for cancer patients.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; graphene oxide ; indole ; androgens ; cyclooxygenase-2 ; cyclooxygenase-1 ; heteropolysaccharide ; drug conjugation ; drug delivery ; ellipticine ; chemical linker ; oesophageal cancer ; antiproliferative activity ; topoisomerase II ; ?-lactam ; DSD ; antibody ; topoisomerase inhibitors ; magnetic targeting ; cisplatin resistance ; steroidogenesis ; [18F]FDG PET/CT ; heterocyclic chemistry ; dehydroepiandrosterone ; antimitotic ; 3-vinylazetidin-2-ones ; glioblastoma ; and cancer therapy ; intestinal mucositis ; Combretastatin A-4 ; metabolism ; anti-cancer drugs ; maghemite ; COX-1 inhibitor ; anticancer ; CYP17A1 ; conjugate and hybrid drugs ; inflammation ; snticancer drugs ; P450c17 ; tumorigenesis ; cisplatin ; biomarker profiling ; cancer drug design ; tubulin ; cytochrome P450 ; 5-fluorouracil ; prostate cancer ; abiraterone ; NCI screen ; radiation ; cancer immunotherapy ; microtubule targeted drugs ; cancer ; treatment resistance ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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